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Articles 151 - 180 of 14517
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Cover Crops For Perennial Forage Plants Under Conditions Of High-Intensity Arable Farming, Yu K. Novoselov
Cover Crops For Perennial Forage Plants Under Conditions Of High-Intensity Arable Farming, Yu K. Novoselov
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
High and stable yields of perennial forage plants grown under conditions of high-intensity arable farming depend decisively on proper timing of sowing as well as on correct choice of the most suitable sowing method. Early-spring sowing of perennial forage plants under summer crops was found to be an optimum approach in the nonchernozem zone of the European part of the • USSR. The safe development of the seedlings of a given forage crop depends on proper choice not only of the species but also of the variety of the cover crop. If more nitrogen is applied, particularly in years with …
Effect Of Planting Methods On The Establishment Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. On Natural Pastures, C Padilla, L Sanchez, J Sarroca, G Febles
Effect Of Planting Methods On The Establishment Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. On Natural Pastures, C Padilla, L Sanchez, J Sarroca, G Febles
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Six planting methods were studied for the establishment of guinea grass on natural pastures (Andropogonea) minimizing mechanical soil labour and burning. Methods essayed were: asexual plant cuttings and/or botanical seeds, planted in furrows, harrowing or not before furrowing, and the latter type of seeds broadcast on soils already ploughed and harrowed or only harrowed. The best establishment was obtained when seed.s were broadcast, guinea grass replacing natural pasture species in 78 to 94 % when the soil was only harrowed and when ploughed + harrowed before sowing, respectively. Dry matter yields of broadcast guinea ranged from 5 to 6 t/ha …
Establishment Of Brachiaria/Legume Pastures In The Northern Guinea- Savanna Of Nigeria, J O. Akinola
Establishment Of Brachiaria/Legume Pastures In The Northern Guinea- Savanna Of Nigeria, J O. Akinola
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures of signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) planted alone and also in mixtures with 8 tropical pasture legumes sown by broadcasting or drilling in the 1974 growing season in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria were evaluated at establishment in terms of DM yield, N and P content, and stand survival after the dry season. High-density (30 x 37.5 cm) pure B. brizantha pasture gave the highest OM yield, 18,000 kg/ha, whilst the mixture involving drilled Desmodium tortuosum produced the lowest DM, 7100 kg/ha. Broadcasting was slightly superior to drilling, and the legumes were richer than the grasses, in terms …
Methods Of Oversowing Perennial Soybean (Glycine Wightii) Into Pangola Grass (Digitaria Decumbens) And Native Pasture, Marta Monzote, T Hernandez
Methods Of Oversowing Perennial Soybean (Glycine Wightii) Into Pangola Grass (Digitaria Decumbens) And Native Pasture, Marta Monzote, T Hernandez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Four sowing methods: (1) disk harrowing and broadcast sowing, (2) broadcast sowing and disk harrowing, (3) planting with direct sowing machine, and (4) broadcast sowing, were compared to measure the establishment capacity of Glycine wightii cv. Tinaroo in (a) pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) and (b) native pastures (Bothriochloa/Dichanthium mixture). A random block design with four replications was used. The germination was higher with direct sowing (80 and 110 plants/m2) and lower in broadcasting (8 and 15 plants/m2) in (a) and (b), respectively. All the treatments were considered as established six months after sowing, although showing different percentages of …
Surface Sowing Of Grass Seeds In The Paddy Fields In Japan, T Isamu Kawase
Surface Sowing Of Grass Seeds In The Paddy Fields In Japan, T Isamu Kawase
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The author describes the characteristic points of climate and geographical conditions compared with Western Europe, and introduces the vegetation and grass production in Japan. As the temperature goes up over 25 °C during about 45 days in summertime and it is pretty wet during that period, too many varieties of grasses; including many weeds, are growing up. Winter conditions in Japan are severe and cold, it is comparatively dry. Therefore we have successions of winter grass and summer grass. In such circumstances, the climax is forest, and Japan took her way of rice cropping in summertime instead of stock farming …
Possibilities Of Improving Grass Stands On Mineral Soils Waterlogged At Times, Zdenek Hrazdira
Possibilities Of Improving Grass Stands On Mineral Soils Waterlogged At Times, Zdenek Hrazdira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On heavy gley soils waterlogged at times, a rapid renovation of degraded grass stands on meadows resulted in an increase of crude protein yields by more than 200 %. At the same time, on larger areas sporadic drainage can be replaced by the so-called biological drainage. The rapid renovation of originally degraded grass stands must be carried out during the relatively driest time of the vegetation period, above all by combining the use of total herbicides with ploughing; in places where drinking water is collected, tillage by means of the rotavator should be the only agrotechnical measure applied. Under the …
Methods Of Renovation Of Meadows Stands In Mountainous Regions, Bohus Holecy
Methods Of Renovation Of Meadows Stands In Mountainous Regions, Bohus Holecy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under the conditions of the Carpathian mountain region in Czechoslovakia (Lower Tatra), a significant increase of the productiveness of natural grass stands was attained by the use of several methods of renovation. Grassland renovation without complete destruction of the sward allows with one or two operations with or without application of Gramoxone to obtain highly productive grass stands giving 7.3 to 8.4 t DM/ha on the average of 5 years. When sowing grass mixtures with the rotaseeder, row spacing (11, 20, 30 cm) is not decisive for the formation of dry matter yield. A more important factor is the seed …
The Use Of Rotary Implements For The Rapid Renovation Of Natural Grass Stands With Smaller Irregularities Of Soil Surface, Jan Tomasik
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On a natural grass stand with the dominance of Trisetum jlavescens L., the suitability of rotary implements was tested for the removal of smaller irregularities of the soil surface obstructing large-scale mechanization. It was found that it is possible by means of rotary implements in one operation to completely remove irregularities of the soil surface or to limit them to a minimum. The use of rotary implements for the rapid renovation helped to improve the botanical composition of the renovated stand and to increase production. The use of rotary implements for the removal of surface irregularities enables the regeneration of …
Usefulness Of Particular Renovation Methods Of A Meadow Situated On Peat-Muck Soil, Franciszek Ksawery Bukowiecki
Usefulness Of Particular Renovation Methods Of A Meadow Situated On Peat-Muck Soil, Franciszek Ksawery Bukowiecki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On a meadow established in 1965 on excessively moistened peat-muck soil with a low mucking degree, sward renovation measures were carried out in the period 1971-1973. For this purpose, ploughing and rotavation were executed and compared with the treatment without tillage, at 4 treatments of a differentiated NPK fertilization and NPK + Cu + Mg fertilization. The effect of the tillage measures mentioned, jointly with sowing, on a differentiation of the botanical composition of the sward (and its yielding) was insignificant. On the other hand, fertilization proved to be significant for both botanical composition and yielding of sward. A fertilization …
Renovation Of Sown Grassland - Impact On Quantity And Chemical Composition Of Herbage, Pavel Morhac
Renovation Of Sown Grassland - Impact On Quantity And Chemical Composition Of Herbage, Pavel Morhac
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The following conclusions are drawn from the results of nine-year studies regarding the renovation of sown grassland and its effects on the quantity and chemical composition of herbage: The mean per-hectare herbage yields obtainable from sown grassland even on gravelly sandy-loamy riverside soils with little nutrient supply still are between 5.5 and 7.5 tons of dry matter. Mechanical treatments applied in the second, third, and fourth years of use did not have any positive effect on herbage yields and failed to rule out critical years. Yield decline was found to have. been influenced mainly by the renovation year. In view …
The Use Of Heavy Solvents For Separating Seed From Soil, Edward D. Carter, Stephen Challis, Ian G. Ridgway
The Use Of Heavy Solvents For Separating Seed From Soil, Edward D. Carter, Stephen Challis, Ian G. Ridgway
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Problems related to separating seeds from soil in ecological studies involving seed-seedling dynamics of annual pastures are discussed. The special roles of non-flammable chlorinated solvents as flotation agents in separating seed from soil are described. Studies showed that there was a slight, but significant (P < 0.05), overall effect of these chemicals on germination of seed of six species and cultivars: however, perchloroethylene appears to have no effect on germination.
Effect Of Seed Pre-Sowing Hardening On Grain Sorghum, Antonio Corleto, Mallik A-As-Saqui
Effect Of Seed Pre-Sowing Hardening On Grain Sorghum, Antonio Corleto, Mallik A-As-Saqui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The claim that seed pre-sowing hardening treatment increases the drought tolerance and seed production of crops was investigated. The results obtained by this study confirm those findings. It was found that seeds, when soaked in tap water for 24 h and dried at room temperature until they had reached their original weight, showed a major increment in seed production and number of seeds per panicle compared with the control and hardened seeds subjected to other soaking times and the alternative method of drying. Highest seed production with 24 h soaking was found when soil fertility (fertilizer and irrigation) was satisfactory. …
New Findings On Seed Rates In Sown Grass Farming, Erich Kreuz
New Findings On Seed Rates In Sown Grass Farming, Erich Kreuz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Field experiments conducted in the GDR over several years have shown that it is possible to considerably reduce seed rates specific to pure stands of valuable forage grasses. This allows to arrive at almost optimal plant spacing. On account of these findings, the seed rates for mixed and pure grass stands in commercial grass farming in the GDR were reduced to an optimum of 16-20-24 kg/ha. In view of the hitherto common seed rates of 30-40 kg/ha, this practice has allowed to save substantial amounts of grass seeds and to cut costs.
Productivity Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) And Other Forage Grasses In The North-Western Part Of The Rsfsr, V P. Spasov
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results are given of experiments conducted • from 1972 to 1976 to investigate the productivity of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) as single crop and in mixture with alfalfa at different levels of mineral fertilization and different cutting frequencies. In normal dry valleys in the case of fertilization with 120 kg N, 60 kg P, and 90 kg K/ha and two-cut utilization, Festuca arundinacea ('Baltika') outyielded Dactylis glomerata L. ('Jygeva 242') by 13 % in terms of dry matter, and Festuca pratensis Huds. ('Jygeva 47') by 26 %. The dry matter yield of Festuca arundinacea amounted to 6.6 t/ha …
An Attempt To Select Grass Species And Varieties With Different Ripening Rhythm In Preparing Simple Seed Mixtures For Mown Meadows, Tadeusz Pawlak
An Attempt To Select Grass Species And Varieties With Different Ripening Rhythm In Preparing Simple Seed Mixtures For Mown Meadows, Tadeusz Pawlak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies were conducted into proper selection of grass species and varieties with different ripening rhythm, to secure optimum yields from the first growth harvested at different dates. The beginning of the heading stage in the principal components of a mixed grass stand was chosen as the optimal time for harvesting. The field experiments were carried out on three different sites in the Vistula marshland (Zulawy region). Expected satisfactory levelling of dry matter yield and of crude protein yields as well as of crude protein contents was not achieved.
The Heading Time Of Some Varieties Of Orchard Grass (Dactylis Glomerata), Timothy (Phleum Pratense), And Tall Oat Grass (Avena Elatior) In The Mountain Region Of Sr Serbia, Drasko Colic, Momcilo Leposavic, Radovan Vazmic
The Heading Time Of Some Varieties Of Orchard Grass (Dactylis Glomerata), Timothy (Phleum Pratense), And Tall Oat Grass (Avena Elatior) In The Mountain Region Of Sr Serbia, Drasko Colic, Momcilo Leposavic, Radovan Vazmic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There were different investigations of 12 varieties of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), 6 of timothy (Phleum pratense), and 2 of tall oat grass (Avena elatior) in the period 1972-1975. The experiments were carried out on the mountain Jagodnja (800 m) in the south-western part of SR Serbia. The difference in heading time between the earliest variety of orchard grass and the latest variety of timothy was 43 days on average over three years of investigation. This period between the earliest and the latest varieties of orchard grass was 22-23 days, while the difference between …
Some Problems In Establishment And Production Of Pastures On The Eroded Tea Lands In The Mid-Country Region Of Sri Lanka, P A. Chadhokar, D A. Lecamwasam
Some Problems In Establishment And Production Of Pastures On The Eroded Tea Lands In The Mid-Country Region Of Sri Lanka, P A. Chadhokar, D A. Lecamwasam
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There is no doubt that the mid-country region of Sri Lanka (300-1000 m elevation) offers a great scope for dairy farming on a subsistence level because of its favourable climate for the growth of both animals and pastures. This will create more self-employment and will greatly help in bridging the gap between supply and demand of milk in this country. However, to achieve these objectives it is essential to solve problems relating to the establishment and management of pastures under zero-grazing system and ensure a year-round supply of good-quality feed for the high-yielding milk animals. The added advantages of grassland …
Dry Matter Production Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes In Thailand, Masao Hoshino, Shigeru Ono, Nittaya Sirikiratayanond
Dry Matter Production Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes In Thailand, Masao Hoshino, Shigeru Ono, Nittaya Sirikiratayanond
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Fifty species or strains of tropical grasses and legumes were introduced and annual dry matter yields were determined in 1973 and 1974 at Pakchong Forage Crop Station in Thailand. Maximum dry matter yields were recorded with napier grass in 1973 and 1974. At a high level of fertilizer application the yield of this species reached 75.6 t/ha in 1974. Hybrid napier grass, jaragua grass, buff el grass, Rhodes grass, and all Panicum species, i.e. Guinea grass, colored Guinea grass, blue panic grass, and green panic grass, showed high dry matter yield. As to decumbent type of grasses, signal grass, para …
Development And Evaluation Of The Introduction Of Gramineae In Cuba, R Hernandez, R Machado, J Menendez
Development And Evaluation Of The Introduction Of Gramineae In Cuba, R Hernandez, R Machado, J Menendez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cuba has a great endemism in its flora, and more than 400 grass species, but not prominent native plants for animal feeding in extensive production conditions. Pasture introduction started in Cuba more than 300 years ago and has been used to improve grasslands, but it was only since 1962 that an organized introduction programme has been carried out. In accordance with this programme, more than 2,000 accessions have been introduced, including 470 grasses. Australia is the country that has supplied most of these introductions, Africa, Asia and America being the continents in which the most outstanding introductions were originated. The …
Comparison Of Results From Pasture Divided Into A Small Number Of Paddocks And From Pasture With Free Grazing, Jan Sinkovic
Comparison Of Results From Pasture Divided Into A Small Number Of Paddocks And From Pasture With Free Grazing, Jan Sinkovic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The fertilization of pastures and their division into paddocks are one major possibility of intensifying and rationalizing agricultural production in the mountain regions of Czechoslovakia. This follows from the results obtained from grazing young cattle (heifers) and sheep. The division of a pasture into three paddocks does not fully meet the demands of plant growth, but it has obvious advantages when compared with the freely grazed one-paddock pasture without mineral fertilization. The dry matter yield of the divided pasture with rotational grazing of heifers and sheep amounted to 5.92 and 5.76 t/ha, respectively. On the unfertilized strip with free grazing …
Continuous Supply Of Forage From Grclissland In Upper Regions Of A Low-Altitude Mountain Range To A Specialized Cattle-Rearing Farm, E Krannich, M Muller
Continuous Supply Of Forage From Grclissland In Upper Regions Of A Low-Altitude Mountain Range To A Specialized Cattle-Rearing Farm, E Krannich, M Muller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The climatic and soil conditions prevailing in the Thuringian Forest are quite suitable for forage production. The large share ofslopy land calls for pasture farming. Specialized heifer rearing is derived from that. Permanent grassland would not offer good conditions for forage production along industrial lines. The operation of whole sets of big machines becomes possible and efficient only on long-rotation ley. Longrotation ley farming secures good yield stability and largely continuous forage supply, and renders possible the efficient utilization of breeding progress on grassland as well. On the transformation of permanent grassland into long-rotation ley, two-stage renewal has proved to …
Development Of Sward, Yield Dynamics, And Productive Life Of Seeded Grassland On Low-Bog Sites, Ulrich Bauer
Development Of Sward, Yield Dynamics, And Productive Life Of Seeded Grassland On Low-Bog Sites, Ulrich Bauer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The transformation of old permanent grassland into seeded grassland is an important method for the intensification of forage production along industrial lines. Newly seeded grassland produces high yields during the first years of use, followed by yield decline in subsequent years. Therefore the grassland has to be renewed periodically. On low-bog sites the sward has to be renewed after 4 years for mixtures of Festuca pratensis + Phleum pratense + Poa pratensis. Pure stands have to be renewed after 5 years for Dactylis glomerata, after 3 years for Lolium perenne, after 10 years for Phalaris arundinacea, and …
Persistence Of Forage Plants In Seeded Grassland On Liman Meadows In Kazakhstan, P A. Salyukov
Persistence Of Forage Plants In Seeded Grassland On Liman Meadows In Kazakhstan, P A. Salyukov
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Procedures have been worked out for establishing persistent meadows by seeding in liman areas with saline soils and so far low productivity. On several seeded grassland plots, forage plants, . particularly Lotus corniculatus L., were found to undergo self-seeding generative renewal parallel with vegetative regeneration. The effect of that generative renewal of plants on liman meadows proved to be one of the major factors contributive to productive persistence of seeded grassland. Extraordinary effectiveness was ob-. tained from seeding Lotus corniculatus into experimental plots.
Efficiency Of Seeded Grassland And Permanent Grassland At High Intensity Of Management On Low-Bog Sites, W Kreil, H Kading, E Wallbaum, W V.D Waydbrink
Efficiency Of Seeded Grassland And Permanent Grassland At High Intensity Of Management On Low-Bog Sites, W Kreil, H Kading, E Wallbaum, W V.D Waydbrink
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilization of grassland sites by seeded grassland instead of permanent grassland has become an objective necessity. From the point of view of crop husbandry and technology, the limits to the efficiency of permanent grassland are quite obvious. A farm-scale experiment conducted on several hundred hectares of land over a number of years, numerous other trials, and practical experience have proved seeded grassland on low-bog sites to exceed intensively managed permanent grassland by 15 % with regard to the energy yield obtained.
Methods For Establishing Highly Productive Pastures In Mountain Regions Of The Northern Caucasus, Aleksandr Zotov
Methods For Establishing Highly Productive Pastures In Mountain Regions Of The Northern Caucasus, Aleksandr Zotov
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the subalpine belt it is possible on seeded pastures with a mixture of grasses and legumes as well as on pastures with natural swards to produce 5.5-6.5 t DM/ha, if 90-120 kg N and 60 kg Pare applied per hectare and year. The methods of tillage (ploughing, discing), seeding methods (with and without cover crop), and seeding dates (spring, summer) produced different effects on the yield and quality of forage from seeded pastures only in the first three years after seeding. Seeded pastures are more responsive to mineral fertilization than are the natural ones. On seeded pastures, the crop …
Yields Of Permanent Grassland And Temporary Grassland In The Alpine Region, Giselher Schechtner
Yields Of Permanent Grassland And Temporary Grassland In The Alpine Region, Giselher Schechtner
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the lower altitudes of the Alpine region, permanent meadows heavily fertilized with nitrogen give yields of l 0 (-11) t DM/ha. The more intensive the fertilization, the greater will be the superiority of temporary meadows in grassstressed crop rotations or in the case of periodical grassland regeneration without inclusion of arable crops, and the sooner one has to choose temporary grassland farming, because the permanent meadows often degenerate under the influence of intensive nitrogen fertilization. Under intensive nitrogen fertilization and intensive use, temporary meadows produce about 13 t DM (7,500,000 starch units) per hectare and year. Good stands of …
Influence Of Forage Quality On The Possibility Of Substituting Feeds, Peter Tillack
Influence Of Forage Quality On The Possibility Of Substituting Feeds, Peter Tillack
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The energy concentration of roughages, which is an important quality feature from a farm management point of view, decisively influences the performance that can be attained with ruminants. The effects of quality changes in the roughage on feed amounts and cost can be determined by way of quantification. A set of priorities for the available feeds, which helps to cut feed cost at the planning stage, can be derived at the same time by comparing energy con-cent.ration and the price o( feeds.
Factors Affecting Green Forage Intake By The Milking Goat, Lionel Huguet, Michel De Simiane, Claude Bernard Broqua
Factors Affecting Green Forage Intake By The Milking Goat, Lionel Huguet, Michel De Simiane, Claude Bernard Broqua
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For the past fifteen years in France goat rearing has developed thanks to a favourable economic background. The specialization of farmers has given rise to new needs in breeding techniques and particularly in green forage feeding systems. From 1972 to 1975, trials were carried out to specify the utilization of green forage by milking goats in order to simplify and rationalize their diet. Three factors were studied to estimate their effect on forage intake: removal of hay from the ration, the quantities of green forage offered, and the quantities of concentrates distributed. When the green forage has a good feeding …
Grain Supplements For Breeding Ewes In Continuous Grazing Systems, William G. Allden
Grain Supplements For Breeding Ewes In Continuous Grazing Systems, William G. Allden
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two suppleme.ntary feeding systems were compared. When breeding flocks were provided with purchased barley grain during the prelambing and post-lambing periods each year there were significant increases in ewe body weights, lamb weights, lamb production/unit area, and the amount of pasture present. However, when the grain had to be provided from the grazing area there was no suggestion of any advantage in substituting a barley crop for an area of pasture. These contrasting results indicate that the assessment of animal production systems based on the integration of pasture grazing and grain supplementation should take into account the source of grain …
Forage-Animal Systems For Economic Calf Production, R E. Blaser, R C. Hammes Jr, J P. Fontenot, H T. Bryant
Forage-Animal Systems For Economic Calf Production, R E. Blaser, R C. Hammes Jr, J P. Fontenot, H T. Bryant
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nine forage-cow-calf systems with constant ,stocking but variable grazing pressures to provide for changing nutritional needs of beef cows, and continuous high calf nutrition with creep grazing gave similar high weaning weights of autumn and winter calves for all-year grazing vs. hay feeding and for 2 stocking rates. The all-fescue systems lowered calf weights. Nine forage-cow-calf systems with constant ,stocking but variable grazing pressures to provide for changing nutritional needs of beef cows, and continuous high calf nutrition with creep grazing gave similar high weaning weights of autumn and winter calves for all-year grazing vs. hay feeding and for 2 …