Taxation-Federal Commons^™

The Treatment Of Mandatory Tax Withholdings In Calculating Afdc Benefits: Fairness As A Relevant Inference In Ascertaining Congressional Intent, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note contends that the more appropriate construction of the statute is to view mandatory tax withholdings as nonincome and nonwork expense items. Part I traces the pre-OBRA legislative and administrative history and examines the judicial interpretations of 42 U.S.C. section 602(a)(7) "income" and section 602(a)(8) "earned income." It concludes that under the "availability" principle, tax withholdings have always been regarded as nonincome items distinct from work expenses. It contends that, notwithstanding contradictory language in the regulations implementing section 602(a)(8), the status of tax withholdings as nonincome items under section 602(a)(7) is controlling. Part II considers the legislative history and …

Federal Tax Lien—Forced Sale Of The Homestead Interest Of A Non-Delinquent Spouse, Allen C. Dobson

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Medically Necessitated Meal And Lodging Costs: Should They Be Deductible Under Internal Revenue Code Section 213?, J. Timothy Philipps, Kenneth B. Tillou

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Assisting Dislocated Workers: Dimensions, Needs And Tax Policy Options, Lewis D. Solomon, Janet S. Solomon, Brian M. Malsberger

Akron Tax Journal

The involvement of the federal government in retraining of dislocated workers raises the specter of rigidity, bureaucracy, paternalism, and cost. After examining the dimensions of the dislocated worker problem and the need for governmental involvement, this article examines the use of tax policy to enable workers to bridge the gap between old and new jobs and to thrive in an economy in transition. The policy making challenge can be succinctly stated: is it possible to use the federal income tax system to the advantage of society by creating tax incentives for a retraining program based on individual choice and limited …

Over The Back Fence: Tax Shelters And Other Sales Of Federal Income Tax Reductions, Thomas A. Robinson

Akron Tax Journal

Structural features of the federal income tax system frequently make the same tax reduction' more valuable to one taxpayer than to another. There are many types of such tax reductions (including deductions and credits), creating a fertile environment for the tax shelter markets. Black letter law says tax reductions are nontransferable. In other words, taxpayers are not allowed to sell their mortgage interest deductions over the back fence to their neighbors. Yet, observation reveals some transactions where tax reductions are in effect bought and sold. This article will examine four of these transactions: business sales, divorce agreements, sale-leasebacks, and partnership …

Selling A Business And Starting Anew: Liquidation-Reincorporation In The Simple Situation, John R. Dorocak

Akron Tax Journal

A client approaches his attorney with a fairly common problem. The client, as sole or predominant shareholder, operates a business in the corporate form. He wishes to sell all the assets of that business to a third party. The client will then take the proceeds of the sale, after distribution to himself as shareholder, and use a part of them to capitalize a new corporation, which will purchase a new business. The question for the attorney is whether this simple transaction will ever call forth the tax doctrine of liquidation-reincorporation. This article will examine the likelihood of the liquidation reincorporation …

Tax Accrual Workpapers: Protected By A Limited Privilege?, Patricia D. White

Articles

United States of America

v.

Arthur Young & Company and Amerada Hess Corporation

(Docket No. 82-687)

To be argued January 16, 1984

Casenotes: Federal Income Tax — Foreign Currency Transactions — Loss On Borrowing And Repayment Of Foreign Currency, Even Though Foreign Currency Is A Capital Asset, Results In An Ordinary Loss As There Was No Sale Or Exchange. National-Standard Co. V. Commissioner, 80 T.C. 551 (1983), Neil Z. Insel

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Serving Two Masters: Commercial Hues And Tax Exempt Organizations, Lawrence Zelenak

Seattle University Law Review

This article will describe the statutory and regulatory framework of section 501(c)(3), examine how the test has been applied, criticize the test, and suggest a test more in keeping with the language and the spirit of section 501(c)(3). The proposed test is this: If the questioned activity directly accomplishes an exempt purpose of the organization, and if all profits from the activity are used in a manner consistent with the organization's exempt purposes, 6 then the organization should be granted exempt status, whether or not the organization's activities are imbued with a "commercial hue."

Recent Developments In Tax-Exempt Organizations, William T. Hutton, Stephen Schwarz

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A New Export Policy: The Foreign Sales Corporation And State Unitary Taxation Of Foreign Source Income, Reed D. Rubinstein

Michigan Journal of International Law

Part I of this note will examine the structure of the FSC, and analyze its potential benefits in light of the Domestic International Sales Corporation (DISC) tax incentive. Part II discusses the use of the unitary tax as a disincentive to direct foreign investment by U.S. corporations. Finally, Part III outlines the new export policy based upon a combination of the FSC export incentive and state unitary taxation of foreign-source income. If implemented, this policy would increase export production and discourage direct foreign investment, thereby making a substantial contribution to U.S. economic well-being.

The Issuer's Paper: Property Or What? Zero Basis And Other Income Tax Mysteries, Elliott Manning

Articles

No abstract provided.

Double Benefits And Transactional Consistency Under The Tax Benefit Rule, Kenneth F. Joyce, Louis A. Del Cotto

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Child Care, Work, And The Federal Income Tax, Brian Wolfman

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article explores the federal income tax treatment of employment-related child care expenses. It takes both a theoretical and historical approach, examining the various ways in which the Code has dealt with child care in relation to conventional tax notions and values at play in the community at large.

Part II outlines the history of the Code's various childcare provisions. It is a critical analysis whose purpose is to decide whether any of the provisions, which have existed, can be explained by a particular tax theory.

Part III asks whether employment-related childcare expenses can be characterized as "business" or "personal" …

Federal Recent Developments

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Supreme Court's "Resolution" Of The Tax Accrual Workpapers Controversy, Diana Gillett Plotkin

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recent Developments In Tax-Exempt Organizations, Stephen Schwarz, William T. Hutton

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Book Review Of Federal Income Taxation: A Law Student's Guide To The Leading Cases And Concepts, Richard L. Schmalbeck

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Personal Financial And Tax Planning With Insurance Products And Comparable Investments, William B. Harman Jr.

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Individual And Corporate Planning To Avoid Pitfalls Of Minimum Tax, Oliver C. Murray

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Cash Or Deferred Arrangements (Section 401(K): Legal Issues And Plan Design, William L. Sollee

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Dissenting Opinions By Supreme Court Justices In Federal Income Tax Controversies, Walter J. Blum

Michigan Law Review

What is to be learned from this review of the various analyses offered in dissenting tax opinions over the past five terms of the Supreme Court? When the Court has decisively interpreted narrow or technical language in the statute, dissenters all too often indulge in lengthy analyses that can only serve to create further confusion. Only when the Court focuses on a judicially made rule or an issue with constitutional implications is a broader dissent appropriate. If dissenters generally adhered to the guidelines set forth at the outset of this Article the tax world would, I believe, be at least …

An Essay On The Conceptual Foundations Of The Tax Benefit Rule, Patricia D. White

Michigan Law Review

My aim in this essay is to explore the foundations of the tax benefit notion. My strategy is simple, but it is probably best to state it explicitly at the outset. I begin with a straightforward and uncontroversial example of the application of the "inclusionary aspect" of the tax benefit rule. Using it as a paradigm, I try to discern why the law deems it appropriate to increase a taxpayer's taxable income. Next I examine the account of the tax benefit rule given by the Supreme Court in Hillsboro to see if it is consistent with the paradigm. I conclude …

Tax Treatment Of Prepublication Expenses Of Authors And Publishers, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note analyzes the tax treatment of prepublication costs. Part I presents the analytic framework of the business expense/ capital expenditure distinction and searches for practical, income- reflecting criteria that achieve theoretically correct results. Part II covers the historic treatment of prepublication expenditures, concluding that neither the courts nor the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) have been consistent in their approach and that both have largely ignored the income-reflecting goals outlined in Part I. Part III applies the income-reflecting approach in order to develop a principled method of examining the tax consequences of various prepublication expenses.

Purchaser's Depreciation Rights In Property Subject To A Lease, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues that the purchase of property subject to a lease may produce several types of depreciable interests. Part I of the Note examines the requirements for depreciability and the role that depreciation plays in tax law. It concludes that even where the method set out by Congress also accommodates other goals, depreciation primarily provides a way to recover costs during a depreciable asset's income-producing life. Part II applies these principles to the task of determining whether improvements - for example, buildings on the property subject to the lease - are depreciable in the purchaser's hands. It concludes that …

The Supreme Court's Misconstruction Of A Procedural Statute--A Critique Of The Court's Decision In Badaracco, Douglas A. Kahn

Michigan Law Review

Before addressing the lessons to be derived from Badaracco, it is necessary to make good on the author's claim that it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of a reasonably skeptical reader that the Court's decision was patently wrong and resulted from a poor technique of statutory construction. This is a heavy burden, especially since the decision was reached by an overwhelming majority of the Court and since two courts of appeals and at least one student law review note reached the same result. The reader must judge whether the author succeeds in satisfying it. This Article will first …

Sufficiency Of A Separation Agreement For Tax Purposes—Jacklin V. Commissioner, 79 T.C. 340 (1982), Kay Brown

Washington Law Review

In Jacklin v. Commissioner, the Tax Court addressed a dispute concerning the deductibility of alimony payments under a separation agreement that did not specify a dollar amount. Under this agreement, the payor spouse was to pay to the recipient spouse whatever funds were necessary to sustain the standard of living which she had previously enjoyed. The court held that this agreement was sufficiently precise under section 71(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code to allow the payor spouse to deduct the payments. This Note explores the legal tensions created by the court's decision. It asserts that the decision blurs the line …

Rca Corp. V. United States: The Latest Round In The Controversy Over Actrual Accounting For Prepaid Income, R. Glen Woods

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Allison V. United States, 83-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (Cch) ¶ 9241 (Ct. App. Fed. Cir. 1983), Peter Doragh

Florida State University Law Review

Partnership Taxation-INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS MEET SUBSTANTIAL ECONOMIC EFFECT

A Case Study In Tax Reform: The Principal Residence, Edwin C. Harris

Dalhousie Law Journal

For most Canadians, "tax reform", in the abstract, is almost a motherhood issue: of course we're in favor of it, particularly if we are referring to that most obtrusive and resented of taxes, the income tax. In fact, as of the end of 1983, we shall have lived twelve years under an income tax r6gime that the federal government was pleased to call "tax reform". Why, then, should there be at least as much clamor for changes to the income tax now as there was in the early 1960s, when the federal government of the day felt impelled to appoint …