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Book Reviews, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Review Essays, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Human Trafficking Is One Of The Cruelest Realities In Our World, Chairman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

No abstract provided.

U.S. Southern Command's Role In Combatting Illicit Trafficking, Colonel Daniel Lecce, Lieutenant Commander Brendan Gavin, Captain Laura Corbin

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

No abstract provided.

Commentary: Transnational Organized Crime In The Maritime Domain, And Broader Considerations For The United States' Interagency, Captain James D. Carlson, Lieutenant Timothy Cronin

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

No abstract provided.

Transnational Influences On Financial Crime, Jeremy Kuester

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

Transnational Crime can loosely be defined as a crime that occurs across borders and is differentiated from domestic and international crime by the absence of a single sovereign or supranational power that has absolute jurisdiction over the crime. The dynamics of actors in transnational spaces, as well as the lack of a clear enforcing authority in such spaces, creates significant challenges to efforts to disrupt and deter transnational crime. Addressing these types of crimes requires a holistic approach from state and non-­‐state actors using a variety of tools, many of which are not traditionally law enforcement in nature. Focusing on …

Promoting Partnerships To Combat Illicit Trafficking, Celina Realuyo

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

No abstract provided.

Human Trafficking: An Issue Of Human And National Security, Roza Pati

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

No abstract provided.

Special Administrative Measures: An Example Of Counterterror Excesses And Their Roots In U.S. Criminal Justice, Francesca Laguardia

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This article examines the creation and implementation of pretrial Special Administrative Measures [SAMs], a version of pretrial solitary confinement now used most often to confine terror suspects in the federal criminal justice system. Through an in-depth archival study, this article brings attention to the importance of 20th-century criminal justice trends to the 21st-century response to the threat of terrorism, including an increasingly preventive focus and decreasing judicial checks on executive action. The findings suggest that practices believed to be excessive responses to the threat of terrorism are in fact a natural outgrowth of late modern criminal justice.

Charting The Legal Geography Of Non-International Armed Conflict, Michael N. Schmitt

International Law Studies

This article examines the geographical reach of international humanitarian law (law of armed conflict), particularly during armed conflicts between States and non-State organized armed groups. The issue is operationally critical, since to the extent that IHL applies, practices which are lawful during armed conflicts, such as status-based targeting, may be employed. When IHL does not apply, human rights obligations shouldered by the State govern the conduct of its military operations. The article surveys the various approaches to the the legal geography of non-international armed conflict, arguing that an interpretation by which IHL is not geographically restricted is the most supportable.

Autonomous Weapons And Human Responsibilities, Jack M. Beard

Nebraska College of Law: Faculty Publications

Although remote-controlled robots flying over the Middle East and Central Asia now dominate reports on new military technologies, robots that are capable of detecting, identifying, and killing enemies on their own are quietly but steadily movingfrom the theoretical to the practical. The enormous difficulty in assigning responsibilities to humans and states for the actions ofthese machines grows with their increasing autonomy. These developments implicate serious legal, ethical, and societal concerns. This Article focuses on the accountability of states and underlying human responsibilities for autonomous weapons under International Humanitarian Law or the Law of Armed Conflict. After reviewing the evolution of …

Material Support: Terrorist Television In The United States, 47 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1533 (2014), Andrew Franklin

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Drone Games, 47 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1507 (2014), Elizabeth Fleming

UIC Law Review

This Comment focuses on the Executive’s power to target American citizens who are believed to be terrorists abroad and the due process implications of such attacks. Part II provides background information pertaining to the rise

More Bang For Their Buck: How Federal Dollars Are Militarizing American Law Enforcement, 47 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1479 (2014), Jeffrey Endebak

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Unintended Consequences: The Posse Comitatus Act In The Modern Era, Mark P. Nevitt

Faculty Articles

America was born in revolution. Outraged at numerous abuses by the British crown—to include the conduct of British soldiers in the colonists’ daily lives—Americans declared their independence, creating a new republic with deep suspicions of a standing army. These suspicions were intensely debated at the time of the nation’s formation and enshrined in the Constitution. But congressional limitations on the role of the military in day-to-day affairs would have to wait. This did not occur until after the Civil War when Southern congressmen successfully co-opted the framers’ earlier concerns of a standing army and passed a criminal statute—the 1878 Posse …

Duck-Rabbits And Drones: Legal Indeterminacy In The War On Terror, Rosa Brooks

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In the days and weeks immediately following the 9/11 attacks, “the law” offered little to lawyers or policy-makers looking for guidance. Indeed, for many the events of 9/11 became the legal equivalent of a Rorschach test: depending on the observer, the 9/11 attacks were variously construed as criminal acts, acts of war, or something in between, thus fitting into (or triggering) any of several radically different legal regimes.

Divergent interpretations of the law are common, of course. Legal rules often contain an element of ambiguity, and the “facts” to which law must be applied can frequently be construed in multiple …

Nuclear Kellogg-Briand Pact: Proposing A Treaty For The Renunciation Of Nuclear Wars As An Instrument Of National Policy, David A. Koplow

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article performs three functions. First, it offers a revisionist interpretation of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact, the much-maligned treaty through which the key powers of the era, led by the United States, undertook to “outlaw” war, renouncing it as a tool of national policy and committing themselves to resort exclusively to pacific means for the resolution of their international disputes. Because of Kellogg-Briand’s inability to prevent the outbreak of World War II, the treaty has been derided for decades as a futile, utopian illusion, but this article argues that it was, in fact, a tremendous success in altering states’ attitudes …

Unsatisfying Wars: Degrees Of Risk And The Jus Ex Bello, Gabriella Blum, David Luban

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Self-defensive war uses violence to transfer risks from one’s own people to others. We argue that central questions in just war theory may fruitfully be analyzed as issues about the morality of risk transfer. That includes the jus ex bello question of when states are required to accept a ceasefire in an otherwise-just war. In particular, a “war on terror” that ups the risks to outsiders cannot continue until the risk of terrorism has been reduced to zero or near zero. Some degree of security risk is inevitable when coexisting with others in the international community, just as citizens within …

Panel Ii: Balancing National Security And Transparency In Government Data Collection, Nate Cardozo, Mariko Hirose, Jonathan Manes, Ira Rubinstein, Christopher Wolf

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

A Matter Of National Security: Whistleblowing In The Military As A Mechanism For International Law Enforcement, Roslyn Fuller

San Diego International Law Journal

[T]his article examines the impact that external whistleblowing can have on a state’s compliance with international law. Part III looks at some of the complications that disclosing international law violations raises for the broader legal system, in particular, the expertise that a whistleblower of this type should be expected to have in the area of international law, and judicial reactions to defences related to the exposure of international law violations. Part IV identifies some trends based on this analysis and what they might mean for external whistleblowing on international law violations in the future.

The Power To Threaten War, Matthew C. Waxman

Faculty Scholarship

Existing war powers scholarship focuses overwhelmingly on the President's power to initiate military operations abroad and the extent to which that power is constrained by Congress. It ignores the allocation of legal power to threaten military force or war, even though threats – to coerce or deter enemies and to reassure allies – are one of the most important ways in which the United States government wields its military might. This paper fills that scholarly void, and draws on recent political science and historical scholarship to construct a richer and more accurate account of the modern presidency's powers to shape …

Pre-Crime Restraints: The Explosion Of Targeted, Non-Custodial Prevention, Jennifer Daskal

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This Article exposes the ways in which noncustodial pre-crime restraints have proliferated over the past decade, focusing in particular on three notable examples — terrorism-related financial sanctions, the No Fly List, and the array of residential, employment, and related restrictions imposed on sex offenders. Because such restraints do not involve physical incapacitation, they are rarely deemed to infringe core liberty interests. Because they are preventive, not punitive, criminal law procedural protections do not apply. They have exploded largely unchecked — subject to little more than bare rationality review and negligible procedural protections — and without any coherent theory as to …

After The Aumf, Jennifer Daskal

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Over a dozen years later, the AUMF — which has never been amended — remains the principal source of the U.S. government’s domestic legal authority to use military force against al Qaeda and its associates, both on the battlefields of Afghanistan and far beyond. But even as the statutory framework has remained unchanged, the facts on the ground have evolved dramatically, leading some to call for a new AUMF. In short, calls for a new framework statute to replace the AUMF are unnecessary, provocative, and counterproductive; they perpetuate war at a time when we should be seeking to end it. …

Humanitarian Intervention: Evolving Norms, Fragmenting Consensus (Remarks), Rosa Brooks

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Traditionally, the evolution of customary international law was understood as a gradual process: in some idealized model, we might see first a few states, and then a few more, implicitly agreeing to follow a practice, and then we would gradually begin to see additional states doing the same thing. We would also gradually accumulate evidence that these various states are acting in such a way because they consider themselves legally bound to do so. Then, over time, we’ll see more and more states following suit both in word and deed, until at some point we can say with a great …

Cross-Border Targeted Killings: "Lawful But Awful"?, Rosa Brooks

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Since September 11, the United States has waged two very open wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. These two wars have killed nearly 7,000 U.S. military personnel and left some 50,000 American troops wounded; they have also left an unknown number of Iraqi and Afghan soldiers and civilians dead or wounded. But alongside these two costly and visible wars, the United States has also been waging what amounts to a third war.

This third war is a secret war, waged mostly by drone strikes, though it has also involved a smaller number of special operations raids. The author calls this third …

The Trickle-Down War, Rosa Brooks

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The history of the European nation-state, wrote political sociologist Charles Tilly, is inextricably bound up with the history of warfare. To oversimplify Tilly’s nuanced and complex arguments, the story goes something like this: As power-holders (originally bandits and local strongmen) sought to expand their power, they needed capital to pay for weapons, soldiers and supplies. The need for capital and new recruits drove the creation of taxation systems and census mechanisms, and the need for more effective systems of taxation and recruitment necessitated better roads, better communications and better record keeping. This in turn enabled the creation of larger and …

Pandemic Disease, Biological Weapons, And War, Laura K. Donohue

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Over the past two decades, concern about the threat posed by biological weapons has grown. Biowarfare is not new. But prior to the recent trend, the threat largely centered on state use of such weapons. What changed with the end of the Cold War was the growing apprehension that materials and knowledge would proliferate beyond industrialized states’ control, and that “rogue states” or nonstate actors would acquire and use biological weapons. Accordingly, in 1993 senators Samuel Nunn, Richard Lugar, and Pete Dominici expanded the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program to assist the former Soviet republics in securing biological agents and weapons …

Civilians And Armed Conflict, Rosa Brooks

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

We tend to view concern with the protection of civilians as a relatively recent development within the Security Council: a product of the late 20th century genocides and ethnic cleansing campaigns in Rwanda and the Balkans. But while it is indeed true that the Council’s first thematic resolution directly addressing “protection of civilians” was not passed until 1999—and also true, unfortunately, that Security Council civilian protection efforts have yet to move beyond the sporadic and inconsistent—the Council has always concerned itself with civilian protection. Indeed, the history of the Security Council itself (as well as the history of the United …

Still Shortchanged: Some Observations About The New Army/Marine Corps Coin Doctrine, Charles J. Dunlap Jr.

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Book Reviews: War & Technology, Charles J. Dunlap Jr.

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.