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Articles 301 - 327 of 327
Full-Text Articles in Legislation
Direct Democracy: The Right Of The People To Make Fools Of Themselves; The Use And Abuse Of Initiative And Referendum, A Local Government Perspective, Daniel M. Warner
Direct Democracy: The Right Of The People To Make Fools Of Themselves; The Use And Abuse Of Initiative And Referendum, A Local Government Perspective, Daniel M. Warner
Seattle University Law Review
The Framers of the United States Constitution did not embrace direct, populist democracy. They rejected the Swiss model of direct legislation' and chose a system of representative-republican, not democratic-government that would, as James Madison wrote, "enlarge the public views by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it to temporary or partial [partisan] considerations." Representative democracy presumes that an informed electorate will choose wise legislators. Direct democracy, by extension, demands that citizens …
A Step In The Right Direction: Washington Passes The Limited Liability Company Act, Jessica A. Eaves
A Step In The Right Direction: Washington Passes The Limited Liability Company Act, Jessica A. Eaves
Seattle University Law Review
This Article describes how and why the LLC Act was passed, and provides a general outline of the LLC form in Washington. Section II outlines the perceived barriers to operating a business in Washington state. Section III sets out a brief legislative history of the Act, including the attempts by the Washington State Trial Lawyers Association to block the legislation, and proposed amendments to the legislation. Section IV describes the specifics of the LLC entity by reference to the Washington Limited Liability Company Act. Section IV also presents the comparative advantages of LLCs to other business forms. Finally, Section V …
Krishna V. Lee Extricates The Inextricable: An Argument For Regulating The Solicitation In Charitable Solicitations, John Dziedzic
Krishna V. Lee Extricates The Inextricable: An Argument For Regulating The Solicitation In Charitable Solicitations, John Dziedzic
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment argues that, in the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in Society for Krishna Consciousness v. Lee, state and local regulations are more likely to pass federal constitutional muster if they regulate obnoxious fundraising practices defined with sufficient precision. The Riley trilogy and the continued existence of charitable solicitation scams have shown that attempting to prevent the "improper use of contributions intended for charitable purposes" by regulating how much charities pay for fundraising services has been not only unconstitutional but also ineffective. Part II is a brief review of the Riley trilogy, with an emphasis on the …
The Protection Of Wildlife Under Washington's Growth Management Act, Alan D. Copsey
The Protection Of Wildlife Under Washington's Growth Management Act, Alan D. Copsey
Seattle University Law Review
Will critical areas and resource lands, as implemented under the GMA, effectively contribute to the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitat in Washington? The remainder of this Article will address that question. First, this Article briefly describes some aspects of biological diversity that must be understood before proceeding further. Second, it sets forth several central principles from modern conservation biology that are essential for maintaining habitat integrity and species viability and considers their applicability to critical areas and resource lands, as defined by the GMA. Third, it explains how these principles could be used to identify and protect habitat remnants …
Guidance For Growth: A Symposium On Washington State's Growth Management Act, Kimberly L. Deasy, Brian L. Holtzclaw
Guidance For Growth: A Symposium On Washington State's Growth Management Act, Kimberly L. Deasy, Brian L. Holtzclaw
Seattle University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Economic Development And Public Transit: Making The Most Of The Washington Growth Management Act, Robert H. Freilich, Elizabeth A. Garvin, S. Mark White
Economic Development And Public Transit: Making The Most Of The Washington Growth Management Act, Robert H. Freilich, Elizabeth A. Garvin, S. Mark White
Seattle University Law Review
Rapid and unplanned urban growth in the urbanizing and rural fringe areas of the United States has led to numerous problems for state, local, and regional governments. In particular, six crises are readily identifiable, each of which threatens to undermine quality of life and local competitive economic advantage. These crises include the following: (1) deterioration of central cities, first-ring suburbs, and closer-in neighborhoods, resulting in depopulation and abandonment of housing and the employment base; (2) spiraling suburban sprawl, creating massive infrastructure as well as energy costs; (3) loss of prime agricultural lands; (4) environmental crises and threats to open space, …
The Growth Management Revolution In Washington: Past, Present, And Future, Richard L. Settle, Charles G. Gavigan
The Growth Management Revolution In Washington: Past, Present, And Future, Richard L. Settle, Charles G. Gavigan
Seattle University Law Review
Since near misses nearly twenty years ago, comprehensive reform of Washington land use regulatory legislation has been simmering on the back burner. In 1989, the pot began to boil. Central Puget Sound area motorists fumed in "gridlock" traffic. They denounced dense, downtown development, fretted over soaring housing prices, and lamented the loss of forests, farms, and salmon-spawning streams. Thus, the growth management revolution was fomented not by the poor and downtrodden, nor by academic theorists, but by the middle-class suburban masses who sensed escalating degradation of community, environment, and quality of life. They demanded change. The revolutionary battles were fought …
Regulation Of Wetlands In Western Washington Under The Growth Management Act, Alison Moss, Beverlee E. Silva
Regulation Of Wetlands In Western Washington Under The Growth Management Act, Alison Moss, Beverlee E. Silva
Seattle University Law Review
Wetlands protection has long been an important issue in the central Puget Sound. With the passage of the Growth Management Act (GMA), all counties and cities within the state are now required to adopt regulations "protecting" critical areas, including wetlands. This requirement furthers the GMA's environmental goal to "[p]rotect the environment and enhance the state's high quality of life, including air and water quality, and the availability of water." This Article will explore these and related issues arising under the wetlands regulatory scheme in Washington following the adoption of the GMA. It will show how this complex, multi-layered regulation scheme …
Takings Law, Lucas, And The Growth Management Act, John M. Groen, Richard M. Stephens
Takings Law, Lucas, And The Growth Management Act, John M. Groen, Richard M. Stephens
Seattle University Law Review
In light of Lucas and the recent constitutionally questionable Washington decisions, government entities charged with implementing the GMA may have a more difficult time avoiding takings liability than previously thought. Accordingly, this Article first seeks to clarify the modern takings analysis as refined by Lucas. Second, Washington takings precedent is contrasted with the federal approach and several key changes are suggested to make state law consistent with controlling federal precedent. Third, key aspects of the GMA are identified that can be expected to raise takings implications. By identifying potential trouble spots in the GMA now, hopefully some takings will …
Is The Growth Management Act Working? A Survey Of Resource Lands And Critical Areas Development Regulations, Gary Pivo
Seattle University Law Review
Section II of this Article begins with a summary of Washington's statutory requirements for both local resource land and critical area development regulations. Section II then reviews the circumstances under which those regulations have been adopted. Section III describes the methods used by the research team to collect and evaluate those regulations. Section IV examines whether Washington counties and cities have met their adoption deadlines. Section V describes the general approaches being taken for meeting those requirements. Section VI compares the regulations to one another in order to judge their consistency and relative restrictiveness throughout Washington. Section VII looks at …
Practice And Procedure Before The Growth Planning Hearings Boards, Wm. H. Nielsen, M. Peter Philley, Chris Smith Towne
Practice And Procedure Before The Growth Planning Hearings Boards, Wm. H. Nielsen, M. Peter Philley, Chris Smith Towne
Seattle University Law Review
In 1990, the Washington State Legislature took the first significant step toward growth management when it enacted the Washington Growth Management Act (GMA). The GMA directs cities and counties to protect natural features and to begin planning to accommodate anticipated population increases. The legislature examined the recommendation of the Growth Strategies Commission' to create an independent dispute resolution system to resolve conflicts under the GMA. The Commission recommended the use of a panel of independent arbitrators with mediation and binding arbitration. Appeals would be limited to the Washington State Court of Appeals only on constitutional and procedural issues. The legislature …
Planner's Panacea Or Pandora's Box: A Realistic Assessment Of The Role Of Urban Growth Areas In Achieving Growth Management Goals, Keith W. Dearborn, Ann M. Gygi
Planner's Panacea Or Pandora's Box: A Realistic Assessment Of The Role Of Urban Growth Areas In Achieving Growth Management Goals, Keith W. Dearborn, Ann M. Gygi
Seattle University Law Review
Over the past twenty years, Urban Growth Areas (UGAs) have become a tool of choice to manage growth. Numerous states and local jurisdictions have mandated UGAs in hope of confining urbanization, reducing sprawl, protecting open space and resource lands, and minimizing infrastructure investment. Washington State joined the trend in 1990 when it adopted the Growth Management Act (GMA), which requires certain counties to establish UGAs as a central component of its "bottom up" growth management strategy. Nonetheless, thoughtful criticisms have been offered regarding the utility of UGAs to accomplish intended growth management goals, and concerns have emerged regarding unintended consequences …
Between Scylla And Charybdis: Growth Management Act Implementation That Avoids Takings And Substantive Due Process Limitations, Jeffrey M. Eustis
Between Scylla And Charybdis: Growth Management Act Implementation That Avoids Takings And Substantive Due Process Limitations, Jeffrey M. Eustis
Seattle University Law Review
This Article begins with an overview of the GMA. It then proceeds with a summary of recent case law under the Takings Clause and substantive due process doctrine. After laying this groundwork, this Article focuses on four particular areas of growth management control and explores how local legislation implementing these areas of control would be analyzed under the Takings Clause and substantive due process. These four areas of land use regulation include: critical area protections, resource land designations, development phasing requirements for concurrency and urban growth areas, and impact fees for public facilities and services. This Article then concludes with …
The Concurrency Requirement Of The Washington State Growth Management Act, Thomas M. Walsh, Roger A. Pearce
The Concurrency Requirement Of The Washington State Growth Management Act, Thomas M. Walsh, Roger A. Pearce
Seattle University Law Review
When the Washington State Legislature enacted the Growth Management Act (GMA) in 1990, it established a concurrency requirement in the transportation area and authorized local governments to establish concurrency requirements in other areas such as schools, parks, and public services. This Article seeks to inform the debate as to the GMA's requirements for concurrency regulations, the key issues in implementing concurrency regulations, and statutory and constitutional limits on the implementation of regulations. After detailing the GMA's transportation concurrency requirement, the Article will discuss whether the GMA requires concurrency for public facilities other than transportation, will highlight the key issues in …
Dashed "Investment-Backed" Expectations: Will The Constitution Protect Property Owners From Excesses In Implementation Of The Growth Management Act?, Elaine Spencer
Seattle University Law Review
Section I briefly discusses the basic principles of takings law as enunciated by prior cases, as well as the United States Supreme Court's recent decision in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, and the Washington Supreme Court's recent decisions in Sintra, Inc. v. Seattle and Robinson v. Seattle. Although the Lucas decision has received considerable publicity, it advanced the state of the law rather little. The real guidance for future decisions arising out of the GMA will come from earlier United States Supreme Court decisions and the Washington Supreme Court's decisions in Sintra, Robinson, and Lutheran …
The Politics Of Sexual Psychopathy: Washington State's Sexual Predator Legislation, Stuart Scheingold, Toska Olson, Jana Pershing
The Politics Of Sexual Psychopathy: Washington State's Sexual Predator Legislation, Stuart Scheingold, Toska Olson, Jana Pershing
Seattle University Law Review
What are the principles that guide this return to indeterminacy? Taken at face value, rehabilitation would seem to be the goal of the civil commitment provisions that make avail- able a treatment program to cure and reintegrate sexual offenders. Of course, rehabilitation was unequivocally rejected by determinate sentencing reformers, who considered it both discriminatory and ineffective.6 An alternative interpretation is that the sexual predator provisions lead in an incapacitative direction-that is, they are designed to predict which offenders are so dangerous that they must be more or less permanently institutionalized to protect the society. Either way, the sexual predator legislation …
Balancing The Right To Confrontation And The Need To Protect Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Are Statutes Authorizing Televised Testimony Serving Their Purpose?, Kimberley Seals Bressler
Balancing The Right To Confrontation And The Need To Protect Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Are Statutes Authorizing Televised Testimony Serving Their Purpose?, Kimberley Seals Bressler
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment begins by providing a brief outline of the procedures regulating the use of televised testimony. Next, against the larger backdrop of the history of the right to confrontation, Part III addresses the treatment of televised testimony as hearsay. This section presents a recent Maryland decision as an illustration of the undesirable analogy of televised testimony to hearsay that leads to a more difficult admission standard. Part III concludes with the argument that televised testimony is the functional equivalent of in-court testimony, and thus, a hearsay analysis is inappropriate. Part IV of this Comment presents a recent Supreme Court …
The Tort Crisis: Causes, Solutions, And The Constitution, Wallace M. Rudolph
The Tort Crisis: Causes, Solutions, And The Constitution, Wallace M. Rudolph
Seattle University Law Review
The thesis of the Article is that the expansion of tort liability based on strict liability or enterprise liability without regard to the proper measurement of damages in such cases is at the root of the insurance crisis rather than the awarding of excessive damages in ordinary fault cases. Stated another way, the expansion of tort liability was based upon the appropriateness of internalizing the cost of economic activity by spreading the risk among the beneficiaries of such activity, but the damages were measured under full compensation theories rather than a more appropriate insurance approach. This divergence between basing liability …
A Nonsettling Defendant's Perspective On Reasonableness Hearings Under Washington's 1981 Tort Reform Act, Luanne Coachman
A Nonsettling Defendant's Perspective On Reasonableness Hearings Under Washington's 1981 Tort Reform Act, Luanne Coachman
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment addresses the questions that the nonsettling defendant's attorney must answer. Section I sets out the function of reasonableness hearings in light of the policies the hearings are intended to further-avoiding collusion between settling defendants and plaintiffs and equitably apportioning the financial burden among tortfeasors. Section II examines the form of reasonableness hearings, including what evidence should be presented, what standards must be met, and the need for reviewable findings and conclusions. Section III analyzes, in terms of constitutional due process, the notice required by the statute. Section IV considers what remedy should follow a finding that a settlement …
Legislative History In Washington, Arthur C. Wang
Legislative History In Washington, Arthur C. Wang
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment begins with an examination of court usage of Washington State legislative history and illustrates the lack of consistent judicial standards for acceptance of evidence of legislative intent. It then describes a systematic process that lawyers may use to identify and obtain relevant legislative history in Washington, and at the same time, points out defects in the record-keeping system. It concludes with recommendations to the Washington State Legislature to improve the accessibility and usefulness of state legislative history. Adoption of these recommendations would not only aid the legal researcher, but also provide the legislature with a better means to …
Book Review: Backyard Wilderness, John C. Bjorkman
Book Review: Backyard Wilderness, John C. Bjorkman
Seattle University Law Review
This book review examines David Knibb's Backyard Wilderness.
Impacts Of The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning And Conservation Act On The Development Of Energy Resources In The Pacific Northwest: An Analysis Of The Resource Acquisition Priority Scheme, Preston Michie
Seattle University Law Review
This article discusses how the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act may affect the region's choice of resources to construct. Potential choices range from conventional resources such as coal and nuclear to renewable resources such as geothermal, biomass, wave, tidal, solar, and wind. In addition, conservation and cogeneration are now viable energy alternatives. This discussion focuses on PNEPPCA's resource acquisition priority scheme and provides an overview of the incentives and disincentives which may influence the resource selection process. Rather than predicting which resources the region's utilities may ultimately construct, this article analyzes the legal barriers proponents of particular …
Washington's Product Liability Act, Philip A. Talmadge
Washington's Product Liability Act, Philip A. Talmadge
Seattle University Law Review
The Washington Legislature in its 1981 session enacted Senate bill 3158,1 the Tort and Product Liability Reform Act, a comprehensive change in product liability and tort law in the State of Washington. This change, perhaps the most sweeping legislative involvement in Washington tort law in this century, was accomplished after many years of extremely bitter political conflict over product liability and tort reform; Senate bill 3158, however, passed the legislature with little of the acrimony previ- ously associated with the issue. This article explores the involve- ment of the legislature in product liability and tort reform his- torically, reviews the …
Product Liability Reform Proposals In Washington--A Public Policy Analysis, Howard E. Bundy
Product Liability Reform Proposals In Washington--A Public Policy Analysis, Howard E. Bundy
Seattle University Law Review
The current interest in statutory reform of product liability law presents a unique opportunity for the Washington Legislature to make some principled decisions in furtherance of the policies behind product liability law. The legislature, in deciding the future direction of product liability law in Washington, must look beyond polarized interests to policy considerations for guidance.
The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning And Conservation (And Thermal Power Plant Relief) Act, Ralph Cavanagh
The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning And Conservation (And Thermal Power Plant Relief) Act, Ralph Cavanagh
Seattle University Law Review
Supporters of the proposed Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act have not produced satisfactory answers to two fundamental questions. First, why does the region require significant new incentives for the construction of nuclear and coal-fired power plants? Second, why must Congress link urgently needed encouragement of conservation and renewable energy measures to the creation of such incentives?
The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning And Conservation Act-Solution For A Regional Dilemma, Henry M. Jackson
The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning And Conservation Act-Solution For A Regional Dilemma, Henry M. Jackson
Seattle University Law Review
For the past four decades, the Bonneville Power Administration(BPA) has played a singular and powerful role in developing the Northwest regional electric power system, and indirectly in the regional economy that system supports. The federal government's decision during the first half of this century to develop multi-purpose water resource projects led to the construction of many dams, most of them in the Western United States, most built since the mid-1930s, and most including hydroelectric generation. As we enter the 1980s, fundamental changes have occurred. Historically, BPA has had sufficient resources to sell power to any utility or other customer in …
Washington Title Insurers' Duty To Search And Disclose, Susan M. Stanley
Washington Title Insurers' Duty To Search And Disclose, Susan M. Stanley
Seattle University Law Review
This comment explores possible non-statutory sources of a title insurer's duty to search and disclose. After reviewing the historical background of title insurance and comparing it with other title assurance methods, this comment examines Washington case law, where the supreme court has failed to impose the duty. It then considers the need to impose and examines the theoretical bases of such a duty to search and disclose: whether it should lie in tort or in contract. Finally, this comment concludes that Washington courts should allow home buyers to sue title insurers for negligence in failing to reasonably search and disclose.