Legislation Commons^™

The Public Square In A Private-Property Obsessed Country: What New York City’S Pops Regulations Get Right And Why Other Cities Should (Mostly) Copy Them, Carson Mcgregor

Seattle University Law Review

When New York City (NYC) was first becoming the metropolitan monolith it is today, it had a problem: the city streets were chock full of skyscrapers, and sunlight, air, and usable open space were at a premium. In response, the City promulgated its first Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) regulations, which allowed developers to build skyward in exchange for providing public space on the street level. Unfortunately, in July of 2023, the New York Times (NYT) discovered that New Yorkers received only a fraction of what they were promised. Building owners received billions of dollars’ worth of added floor space, …

Modern Day Colonialism Through HawaiʻI’S Quiet Title And Partition Laws, Cheyann Fujii

Seattle University Law Review

This Note will attempt to highlight important aspects of Hawaiian history to provide readers with a clear picture on how Native Hawaiians are still impacted by colonialism, specifically when plaintiffs bring a quiet title or partition action against Native Hawaiian owners of kuleana lands. Before colonization, the concept of private land ownership did not exist in Hawai‘i, and Native Hawaiians adopted a feudal system by dividing land into geographical areas. Missionaries and businessmen brought Western ideas to Hawai‘i and influenced legislation such as the Great Māhele and the Kuleana Land Act of 1850, which solidified the concept of private property. …

Data Advantage And Merger Review: Can Entrenchment Theory Reform Antitrust Enforcement?, Shin-Ru Cheng

Seattle University Law Review

A merger involving giant digital companies is likely to dampen competition, as it allows those companies to combine and control data access, enabling them to entrench their dominant positions in relevant markets and extend those positions into related markets. While competition law in many jurisdictions aims to prohibit mergers that may substantially lessen competition or create a monopoly, arguably the review of digital mergers is failing because antitrust agencies lack an effective approach to identify data-generated anticompetitive harms. This Article demonstrates that entrenchment theory, recently reintroduced in the 2023 U.S. Merger Guidelines, would help reform the process of antitrust enforcement. …

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents

Caution: Potholes In E-Scooter Data Collection, Dakota Rakestraw

Seattle University Law Review

Lime scooters keep ending up in major waterways in Washington state metro areas, a testament to the ubiquity of e-scooters in the metropolitan landscape. How they get there is unclear. Why they get there is even murkier. Perhaps the answer lies in the implications of modern geolocation data collection through e-scooters and gaps in current data collection regulation curbing individual liberties.

Since September 2020, electric scooters have run Seattle’s streets and have dramatically overtaken ridesharing bike trips. For example, from September 2020 to September 2021, there were about 1.4 million scooter and bike trips with September 2021 seeing 300,000 scooter …

Machinists Preemption In The New Administrative Law, Andrew J. Ziaja

Seattle University Law Review

This Article assesses Machinists preemption—a labor-specific form of implied field preemption—while freshly considering implications both for and of new developments in administrative law. The radical transformation of administrative law in the Supreme Court, particularly its newfound emphasis on clear-statement rules, provides opportunities to reconsider the Machinists rationale. Aligning with scholars who have called to question the doctrine’s “ossifying” influence on labor and employment policy, it argues that the modern-day version of Machinists preemption clashes with the Supreme Court’s newly constrained view of delegated power and its differing conceptions of the major questions doctrine.

On the other hand, Machinists preemption might …

Volume 48 Masthead, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Volume 48 Masthead

Defining Deference: Impacts Of Abandoning Chevron On Emerging Technology Governance And Administrative Law, R. Aubrey Davis Iii

Seattle University Law Review

Emerging technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), often lead to unforeseen legal outcomes. Notable abuses in areas such as facial recognition, employment bias, and housing discrimination are well known. However, legislative responses to these issues either have been largely reactive or there has been no legislative response at all. In lieu of legislation, agencies have sought to fill the gap. For example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recently proposed a rule mandating voter notification for all AI-generated political phone calls citing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) of 1991 as authority. However, the TCPA was originally passed to curtail telemarketing, not …

Intellectual Property Or Modern Folklore? The Problem With Open Gaming Licenses In Tabletop Gaming, Rosie Midget

Seattle University Law Review

This Note addresses how courts and legislatures should address “Open Gaming Licenses” commonly attached to tabletop roleplaying games (TTRPGs), which game publishers use to promote a false image of accessibility—misleading consumers and building goodwill from the misunderstanding. Part I discusses what TTRPGs are, including the defining features of the hobby and culture surrounding it, as well as the unique interplay between publishers and players. Part II explores the question of which elements in a TTRPG system may be subject to copyright protection. Part III examines these elements in practice using Wizards of the Coast’s Dungeons and Dragons TTRPG as a …

Does The Major Questions Doctrine Apply To The Federal Courts?, Michael Coenen, Seth Davis

Fordham Law Review

The new “major questions doctrine” (MQD) requires courts to apply a “distinct” approach to statutory interpretation when reviewing challenges to an agency action of “vast economic and political significance.” Under that approach, courts must assume that such an action exceeds the scope of that agency’s statutory authority unless there exists “clear congressional authorization” for it. In this Article, we examine whether this new rule for administrative agencies (or what we call the “agency MQD”) implies the existence of a similarly strong constraint on the federal courts’ power to interpret and apply statutes for themselves (or what we call the “judicial …

Abortion Travel Restrictions Under The Dormant Commerce Clause After National Pork Producers Council V. Ross, Katherine Bartley

Fordham Law Review

Since Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, twelve states have banned abortion entirely, and seven states have banned abortion earlier in pregnancy than the standard set in Roe v. Wade. As abortion access dwindles, patients increasingly cross state lines to seek reproductive healthcare. In response, antiabortion state officials and lawmakers have made efforts to restrict interstate travel for abortion care.

This Note examines abortion travel restrictions under the “Dormant” Commerce Clause doctrine, which limits state laws that burden interstate commerce. In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed but narrowed the judge-made doctrine in National Pork Producers Council v. …

Negative Trading In Congress, Peter Molk, Frank Partnoy

UF Law Faculty Publications

We investigate negative trading, such as short selling, by members of Congress. We find, based on a new comprehensive dataset of trades by members of Congress, that negative trading not only is common, but also is associated with positive abnormal financial returns. Simply put, members of Congress make money when they bet on stock price drops.

In contrast, we do not find a similar association for long positions taken by members of Congress. In other words, there is an asymmetry between “positive” versus “negative” congressional trading. This asymmetry has multiple implications for public policy.

Our main message is that proposals …

The Rise And Fall Of The Contagious Diseases Acts: An Examination Of The Legislative Influences, Medical Discourse And Repeal Arguments, Elizabeth Henderson

All Theses

The Contagious Diseases Acts (CDA) were the most important legislative intervention concerning sexuality in the nineteenth century. The CDA was a public health measure passed to address the spread of venereal disease amongst the British Army and Navy, and targeted Britain's most vulnerable women – sex workers – because they were blamed for being the presumed cause and primary mode of spreading venereal disease. This resulted in the legalization of what critics of the CDA would call surgical assault, or instrumental rape, of working-class women suspected of being sex workers. Historians who study sexuality and sex work in Britain have …

Pragmatics And Textualism, Lawrence B. Solum

Faculty Scholarship

In theoretical linguistics the word “pragmatics” refers to the roles of context and communicative intentions in the production of meaning. Those roles include contextual disambiguation and the communication of implicit content via “pragmatic enrichment.” Textualism is sometimes characterized as the view that the meaning of statutory texts should not take context into account, but that characterization is misleading. Not only do self-identified textualists explicitly maintain that context should be considered when interpreting statutes—all good textualists must do so. Absent consideration of context, the meaning of statutory texts would be pervasively ambiguous, sparse, and incomplete. Good textualism requires pragmatics.

“Pragmatics and …

The Effect Of Non-Profit Organizations On The Passage Of Climate Change Legislation In Connecticut, John-Henry Burke

Honors Scholar Theses

Connecticut has a long history of climate action. In this study, I looked into the effect that non-governmental organizations have on the passage of climate change legislation in Connecticut. Eighteen different climate policy stakeholders, including legislatures, non-governmental organization (NGO) staff members, youth activists and state employees were interviewed to gain their perspective on how non-profits forward climate initiatives. I found that non-profit organizations do have a significant impact on the passage of climate change legislation in Connecticut by working as providers of information to legislators and mobilizers of constituents. This impact can be limited by various political factors.

Text, Context, Or Both?: Considering When And How To Use Statutory History In The New Textualist Framework, Devon Brostoff

Fordham Law Review

Statutory history represents the evolution of a statute through enacted amendments. Although textualists have widely rejected traditional forms of legislative history, statutory history has not received the same fate. Instead, textualists have accepted the use of statutory history as a resource separate from—and superior to—legislative history. Thus, this Note examines how courts are using statutory history, focusing primarily on the author’s analysis of a set of courts of appeals cases that rely on statutory history. Using these cases, this Note explores whether statutory history is best understood as text or context within the interpretation process. Further, this Note challenges the …

Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Creation, And The Future Path Of Copyright Law, Peter K. Yu

BYU Law Review

Most literature at the intersection of copyright and artificial intelligence (AI) has focused primarily on what copyright law is or ought to be. Frequently overlooked is the question of what copyright law will be in the AI space. Understanding this question is crucial because the path of copyright law chosen by the United States will have a major impact on the country’s economic and technological future. This Article begins by scrutinizing two lines of arguments that have been advanced to deny copyright protection to AI-generated works: constitutional and incentivebased. The Article then discusses a third line of arguments— harmonization-based arguments—and …

Supreme Court Case Study: The Variation In Rates Of Miscarriage Management Care And Post-Abortion Care Across The Us Before And After The Supreme Court Decision, Ted Sibrian Jr.

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The paper examines abortion care and the management of miscarriages following the Roe v. Wade decision in restrictive states that do not allow medical intervention due to the vague legal terms. This research evaluates the need to establish protocols for providers when faced with nonviable pregnancies requiring medical intervention. Additionally, the paper highlights the impact across the US on women’s health outcomes by emphasizing the care for miscarriage management. This multi-method paper reviews the current literature on miscarriage management and spontaneous abortion MarketScan® data from commercially insured individuals with an age range of 18-50 years old by regions across the …

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (Csis), Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

April 24, 2025 presentation for Canada's GovInfo Day Spring 2025 hosted by Simon Fraser University in British Columbia and Internet Archive Canada. Provides information about the publicly available information resources produced by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) which is the Canadian Government's foremost national intelligence agency. Provides information about this agency's statutory organization, types of publicly available reports they produce, information about other Canadian government intelligence agencies, and parliamentary oversight of Canadian government intelligence operations. Lists additional resources for finding information about CSIS and explains the benefits of having access to these resources for users.

We Give Laws A Bad Name: An Empirical Examination Of How Misleading Law And Pac Names Pollute Legal Perception, Brian Sheppard, Andrew Moshirnia, Charles Sullivan, Brian C. Jones

Texas A&M Law Review

Journalists and commentators have dismissed acronym-titled laws like the SAFE Act (Secure Access to Firearms Enhancement Act) and slogan-based political action committee (“PAC”) names like Americans for America as window dressing concocted by uncreative political operatives. Beyond the fact that law titles and PAC names have become punching bags in the press, they share another quality: they both appear with frequency in political ads about ballot initiatives and sometimes appear on ballots themselves. Because of their salience in election and voting scenarios, law titles and PAC names have been used tactically in an apparent effort to increase the memorability or …

Changemakers : Brandon Potter : L'25 : From The State House To The Court House, Andrew Clark

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Municipal Overreach: The Case Against Benefit-Based Land Use Exactions, Michael Krasna

Brooklyn Law Review

In the Summer of 2023, a quiet buzz was building in New York City that Madison Square Garden’s Special Permit—the land use vehicle that allows it to operate an arena— was in jeopardy. Contributing to the hubbub were discussions about a controversial form of land use regulation: benefit-based exactions. Exactions are requirements imposed on property owners by local governments whereby, in return for a discretionary land use approval, property owners dedicate a portion of their property to further the government’s interest or pay a fee in lieu thereof. While exactions are primarily used by a municipality when a new development …

The Fall From Standing: How The Courts Have Diverged From Financial Standing Standards, Shouatshen Adoree Yang

Brooklyn Law Review

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) enable consumers to sue credit reporting and debt collection agencies for engaging in abusive practices such as reporting false information or continuous harassment. In order for a lawsuit to be heard, consumers must have constitutional standing, and thus, must have suffered a particularized and concrete injury. However, it may be difficult for consumers to allege a concrete injury given that credit and debt issues often result in harm that is intangible and difficult to categorize. While the Supreme Court has classified financial, intangible injuries as concrete …

Bred For Profit, Euthanized For Space: The Houndmaid’S Tale, Krista Doherty

Brooklyn Law Review

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was passed by Congress in 1966 with the intent to ensure humane treatment of animals used in interstate and foreign commerce. A dog breeder must obtain a license under the AWA so long as the dog breeder has five or more female dogs capable of breeding and whose offspring are sold as pets, and the breeder does not meet the “retail pet store” exemption. However, due to government neglect, as well as a lack of government oversight and regulation, both at the federal and state levels, thousands of dogs suffer every day in breeding operations. …

Implicit Bias Within The Primary Assumption Of Risk Doctrine, Tracy Catapano-Fox

Brooklyn Law Review

This Article addresses the efficacy of the primary assumption of risk doctrine, and the improper extension of the doctrine to vitiate a plaintiff’s ability to obtain recourse in personal injury cases. When the New York legislature enacted the comparative negligence standard in 1975, it essentially revoked the applicability of the primary assumption of risk doctrine as a defense in tort litigation. However, the courts continued to apply the primary assumption of risk doctrine in tort cases involving sports or physical activity, analyzing it as an element of a defendant’s duty and serving as a complete bar to recovery for plaintiffs …

Dental Board Of California, Isaiah Artis, Katie González

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Board Of Pharmacy, Ariana Hussing, Katie González

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Veterinary Medical Board, Isiah Artis, Katie González

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Department Of Financial Protection And Innovation, Maya Patel, Marcus Friedman

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

State Bar Of California, Jamie Russo, Marcus Friedman

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.