Legal Remedies Commons^™

A Touchstone For Labor Board Remedies, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

Fashion dictates what lawyers argue about, and law professors write about, more than we may care to admit. In labor law, especially, the styles change with a rapidity that would impress a Paris couturier. During the past decade the spotlight has moved from union democracy to labor contract enforcement to the union organizing campaign. Today the "in" topic is National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) remedies. Yet if any subject deserves immunity from the vagaries of fashion, this is the one; for all rights acquire substance only insofar as they are backed by effective remedies. Coke said it long ago: "[W]ant …

Review Of The Law Of Restitution, Whitmore Gray

Reviews

The appearance of this excellent treatise is a major step toward a better understanding of the place of restitution in Anglo-American law. The authors' exhaustive treatment of the English case law and the inclusion of much American authority give a perspective on the field which has not previously been available. Like the 1937 Restatement of Restitution, this is a presentation in one volume of legal and equitable remedies for enforcing a substantive right to restitution.' It goes well beyond the uneasy, loose association of the legal and equitable parts of the Restdtement, however, and gives us a unified treatise. Until …

Labor Law-Arbitration And Award-Judicial Review Of Labor Arbitration Awards Which Rely On The Practices Of The Parties, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Modem collective bargaining agreements typically provide for private arbitration as the means of resolving disputes between employees and management over the interpretation and application of the agreement. In the event the arbitrator's decision is challenged in court by the adversely-affected party, the question of how much judicial deference should be given to the private ruling becomes of some importance. The Supreme Court has set out guidelines which purport to define the proper role of courts in such disputes-that role being for the most part one of judicial deference to arbitrator's decisions. Nevertheless, the appropriate scope of judicial review remains unclear. …

The Elementary And Secondary Education Act The Implications Of The Trust-Fund Theory For The Church-State Questions Raised By Title I, Jon Feikens

Michigan Law Review

The issues raised by the granting of federal aid both to education in general and to non-public education in particular have caused considerable controversy in recent years. Although several federal statutes dealing with various aspects of both types of aid had been enacted previously, the early 1960's saw an increased desire on the part of Congress to enter this area with a comprehensive plan. Finally, in 1965, the question of aid to education in general was resolved in favor of carrying the war on poverty to the elementary and secondary schools. Simultaneously, a so-called "church-state settlement" was reached whereby it …

Sec Enforcement Of The Rule I0b-5 Duty To Disclose Material Information-Remedies And The Texas Gulf Sulphur Case, Edmund B. Frost

Michigan Law Review

On April 16, 1964, the Texas Gulf Sulphur Company announced one of the most significant mineral discoveries of the twentieth century-a major copper and zinc deposit near Timmins, Ontario, found by means of geophysical exploration and exploratory drilling. Unusual market activity prior to this announcement prompted a Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation of insider stock transactions. In April 1965, the SEC brought suit against a group of Texas Gulf insiders, alleging that their purchase of stock on national exchanges before the disclosure of the information concerning the Timmins strike constituted a violation of section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act …

Special Damages Requirement For Libel Per Quod

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Compensation For Victims Of Violent Crimes: An Analysis, Robert E. Scott

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recent Developments, Various Editors

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Book Review. Gelhorn, W. Ombudsmen And Others: Citizen's Protectors In Nine Countries And When Americans Complain: Governmental Grievance Procedures, Ralph F. Fuchs

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Damages-Compensation For Curtailment Of Life Expectancy As A Separate Element Of Damages-Downie V. United States Lines Co., Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

While plaintiff was aboard ship as an employee of the defendant, he suffered a heart attack which was aggravated by the negligence of one of defendant's employees. In suing under the Jones Act for damages caused by this aggravation of his condition, plaintiff sought recovery for the eight year curtailment of his life expectancy as a separate and distinct item of damages, independent of the economic loss sustained as a result of such curtailment. The jury made a general award of $86,900 of which $25,000 was a special award for the curtailment of plaintiff's life. On defendant's motion, the trial …

Seller's Damages Following Resale Under Article Two Of The Uniform Commercial Code, Robert J. Nordstrom

Michigan Law Review

The seller's right to resell contracted-for goods following a breach by the buyer is set forth in section 2-706 of the Uniform Commercial Code (Code). That section also contains a statement of the conditions placed upon the exercise of that right and provides the measure of recovery if the resale is made "in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner":

[T]he seller may recover the difference between the resale price and the contract price together with any incidental damages allowed under the provisions of this Article (Section 2-710), but less expenses saved in consequence of the buyer's breach.

In …

Forward: A Symposium On Restitution, John P. Dawson

Vanderbilt Law Review

The editors of the Vanderbilt Law Review deserve praise for arranging this symposium on the neglected subject of Restitution, a great and growing area of our private law whose literature is extra-ordinarily meager. Partly because of this neglect by legal scholars,the practicing profession as a whole remains unaware of the range and variety of restitutionary remedies and the possibilities they offer for solving problems that are otherwise intractable. The volume of restitution cases reported in current advance sheets shows that courts and lawyers are learning to make use of restitution remedies, but the subject still inspires hesitation and diffidence, for …

Restitution For Benefits Conferred Without Request, John W. Wade

Vanderbilt Law Review

The principle is now fully recognized in this country that a "person who has been unjustly enriched at the expense of another is required to make restitution to the other." This is the language of the first section of the Restatement of Restitution.' When one person confers a benefit upon another without the latter's solicitation, the benefit received constitutes an enrichment--a windfall, so to speak. This benefit may take one of several forms. It may involve (1) transferring property to the defendant, (2) saving, preserving or improving his property, (3) rendering personal services for him, or (4) performing for him …

Divestiture Of Illegally Held Assets: Observations On Its Scope, Objective, And Limitations, William T. Kerr

Michigan Law Review

"Divestiture has been called the most important of antitrust remedies. It is simple, relatively easy to administer, and sure." This observation was made with reference to an order requiring divestiture of illegally held stock. In the context of the divestiture of illegally held assets, however, the statement is an oversimplification of myriad complex problems. This Comment will examine the difficulties encountered in eliminating the anticompetitive effects of a fully consummated merger found to have violated section 7 of the Clayton Act. No attempt will be made to assess the substantive doctrine upon which the violation in any instance was based, …

Mental Suffering As An Element Of Damages In Defamation Cases, Jack G. Day

Cleveland State Law Review

To insure the focus of theme it is assumed for present purposes that the hurdles of proof and proximate cause in an actionable defamation have been cleared and that there is no concern with any other issues that may arise, offensively or defensively, in a defamation action beyond the propriety, or impropriety, of proving mental suffering as an element of compensable damage. Stated another way, the crux of the matter is whether mental anguish is, can, or ought to be classified as special damage in defamation actions. Punitive damages are, of course, an element of no relevance here except in …

Damages For Emotional Distress In Ohio, James G. Young

Cleveland State Law Review

A review of Ohio cases reveals that Ohio law declares there cannot be recovery for mental distress unless it is accompanied by contemporaneous physical injury (i.e., contact), or unless the act was wilful, wanton or intentional. No Ohio cases were found where recovery for purely mental suffering, caused negligently, in and of itself was permitted.

Some Bases For Remittitur In Personal Injury Cases, Robert Saxer

Cleveland State Law Review

In reviewing an award various factors before it can determine whether the award is so excessive that remittitur should be granted or a new trial ordered. Remittitur is justified when the award is based on computation errors, oversight or consideration of an improper element, or when, in view of the evidence, the judgment is excessive enough to indicate prejudice, passion, partiality or corruption on the part of the jury.

Damages For Mental Suffering In Discrimination Cases, John E. Duda

Cleveland State Law Review

This article explores the legal basis for an award of damages for mental suffering caused by unlawful racial discrimination. It necessarily includes religious and nationality discrimination,since these three areas are intertwined in the law. For the most part, the legal principles are applicable alike to all three forms of discrimination. Mental suffering is treated as an element of compensatory damages on the theory that the purpose of such an award is to compensate the claimant for his loss and not necessarily to penalize the discriminator. Punishment enters the analysis only to the extent that the prevailing legal rules governing damage …

Damages For Injury To Feelings In Malicious Prosecution And Abuse Of Process, A. M. Witte

Cleveland State Law Review

The burden of this paper is the extent to which a plaintiff in a malicious prosecution action will be permitted to recover damages for the injury he has suffered to his feelings. Simply stated, there is no serious legal question presented by this broad topic. In a malicious prosecution action based on criminal proceedings the plaintiff may recover damages for his mental suffering (and for the harm to his reputation) and the great majority of jurisdictions permit these damages to be recovered without special pleading or proof-i.e., these elements are considered to be general damages.

Municipal Liability For Exemplary Damages, David H. Hines

Cleveland State Law Review

Although the law is not altogether free from doubt on the subject of municipal liability for exemplary damages, it is a settled principle that exemplary damages may not be recovered against a municipal corporation, nor a state, in the absence of statutory authority.

Payment Of Punitive Damages By Insurance Companies, Martin G. Lentz

Cleveland State Law Review

The logic and validity of the public policy argument that to require insurance companies to pay punitive damages would place a burden upon the innocent insurance carrier, and ultimately the public itself, is weak and indefensible. The concern for not wanting to punish the insurance carrier, an innocent party, is not logical since any insurance company is an innocent party. The involvement is based on the contractual relationship of indemnification. If an insurance company does not wish to indemnify for punitive damages, then it should specifically exclude such coverage in the policy. In the absence of such a specific exclusion, …

State Board Against Discrimination: Order To Hire As An Authorized Remedy, Anon

Washington Law Review

The Washington State Board Against Discrimination processed a complaint filed by Mrs. Geraldine Arnett charging defendant hospital with refusing to accept her application for employment as tray girl because of her Negro race. Investigation by the board substantiated Mrs. Arnett's charge of racial discrimination, but informal negotiation between the board and defendant failed to yield a satisfactory solution. The board then held a formal hearing, found defendant in violation of the Law Against Discrimination, and ordered it to accept Mrs. Arnett's application and offer her employment in the first vacant position for tray girl, providing she met the standard qualification …

Sabbatino Doctrine Modified In Foreign Assistance Act Of 1964, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Prior to Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino, one of the United States Supreme Court's most controversial recent decisions touching on matters of international law, it had been held that American courts could not question titles to property acquired by virtue of a public taking decreed by a recognized foreign government and carried out within its territory. This concept of judicial abstention, embodied in the "act of state doctrine," was held applicable in Sabbatino even though it was alleged that the asserted claim to the property stemmed from a confiscation that violated customary international law. This decision led Congress …

Judgment Against Insured Is Conclusive Proof Of Amount Of Claim Against Dissolved Insurer- Commonwealth Ex Rel. Woodside V. Seaboard Mut. Cas. Co., Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiffs, injured in an automobile accident, brought suits against an insured taxicab company. Before the case came to trial, the insurance commissioner found the insurer insolvent. In a separate proceeding he obtained a court order dissolving the insurer, enjoining the prosecution of any legal action against the insurer's assets, and providing for the filing of proof of claims with the insurance commissioner. The insurer's attorney, who had entered an appearance on behalf of the taxicab company, withdrew, and in an undefended action the plaintiffs recovered judgments against the cab company totalling nineteen thousand dollars. Unable to obtain execution on these …

Federal Law Held To Govern Effect Of The Release Of A Joint Tortfeasor In Private Antitrust Suit-Winchester Drive-In Theatre, Inc. V. Twentieth Century Fox Film Co., Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Private antitrust litigation occasionally raises the question of whether state or federal law should be applied to determine the effect of the release of a joint tortfeasor. When federal law is applied, as it was in Winchester Drive-In Theatre, Inc. v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Co., there remains the necessity of formulating a rule of federal law, since there appears to be no established federal rule governing releases in antitrust suits.

Proof Of Scienter Necessary In A Private Suit Under Sec Anti-Fraud Rule 10b-5, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Of the vast amounts of statutory and quasi-statutory material governing the securities business, the Securities and Exchange Commission's rule 10b-51 has potentially the greatest direct importance to the largest number of people. While several provisions in the government's regulatory scheme set more or less specific standards of conduct for securities issuers, broker-dealers, or corporate insiders, the anti-fraud provisions of rule 10b-5 apply to all persons directly or indirectly connected with any sale or purchase of securities transacted through a facility of interstate commerce, the mails, or on a national exchange. In its three clauses, rule 10b-5 forbids any person (1) …

Punitive Damage Liabality Of Municipal Corporations

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Report Of The Osgoode Hall Study On Compensation For Victims Of Automobile Accidents, Allen M. Linden

Books

The Osgoode Hall Study was aimed at filling the factual lacuna which prevented an informed assessment of the Ontario system of compensating automobile accident victims. Those in charge of the study set out to collect and analyze statistical data which would illuminate the strength and weaknesses of the present system of loss distribution. A survey was designed which would discover the financial costs incurred by injured individuals and whether they were uncompensated, undercompensated or overcompensated for these costs. The project further aimed at describing the interrelation of the tort, private loss insurance and government reparation schemes, the role of lawyers …

The Economic Treatment Of Automobile Injuries, Alfred F. Conard

Michigan Law Review

The automobile has changed more than Americans' ways of transportation. It has changed their ways of housing, of working and playing, of eating, living, and loving. It has also added to their ways of suffering and dying.

The suffering and dying have called forth two kinds of treatment. The better recognized kind is medical treatment, which staves off death and minimizes pain and disability among the living. The less recognized kind of treatment is economic-the restoration to the injury victim or to his dependents of some part of the economic wellbeing that has been snatched away from them by loss …

Latin-American Land Reform: The Uses Of Confiscation, Kenneth L. Karst

Michigan Law Review

This article examines the legislative techniques for taking land, showing their confiscatory operation. For many lawyers, the analysis would then be easily completed: confiscation is wrongful and must be condemned. Rejecting the implicit absolutism of that conclusion, this article inquires into the justifications that can be pleaded on behalf of selective confiscation as an aid in solving some of Latin America's economic and social ills.