Legal Remedies Commons^™

Emotionally Harmed? It Might Not Matter: An Analysis Of Cummings V. Premier Rehab Keller And Its Implications For Title Ii Of The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990, Sotir Zhupa

Cardozo Law Review

On April 28, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down an opinion that shocked the disability rights community. In Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller, P.L.L.C., the Court ruled that compensatory damages for emotional distress may not be recovered by claimants who sue for disability discrimination under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (section 504) and section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010..

Cummings involved a woman, Jane Cummings, who is both deaf and legally blind. Because of her disabilities, she communicates through American Sign Language (ASL)—her first and primary language—and cannot communicate …

Faculty Handbook As Contract, Karen Halverson Cross

Cardozo Law Review

Colleges and universities, like other employers, typically have in place policies that govern the employment relationship with their faculty. Many such policies—policies against employee misconduct or policies on accommodations for persons with disabilities—are comparable to what employees might encounter outside of academia. Most higher education institutions also have in place policies that are more unique to academia, such as policies establishing shared governance bodies, affirming academic freedom as a core value, or outlining procedures on the granting and revocation of faculty tenure. These faculty policies may be aggregated in a faculty handbook, published separately on the institution’s web site, or, …

Patent Law’S Externality Asymmetry, Peter Lee

Cardozo Law Review

Technologies such as social media, autonomous vehicles, and “big data” analytics generate enormous benefits for society, but they also create substantial harms. Many of these effects take the form of externalities—external benefits and harms that a decisionmaker (such as an inventor) imposes on third parties without charge or compensation. Considering negative externalities, for example, social media networks spread misinformation throughout the electorate, autonomous vehicles threaten the jobs of millions of professional drivers, and predictive policing based on big data can lead to unreasonable searches and seizures. Externalities can cause inefficient resource allocation, and the classic remedy is to “internalize” externalities …

Assumption Of Risk In Consumer Contracts And The Distraction Of Unconscionability, Zahra Takhshid

Cardozo Law Review

For years, courts have struggled to determine when to enforce exculpatory clauses that would prevent personal injury victims from availing themselves of tort remedies under the doctrine of express assumption of risk. In the past, when courts declined to enforce these clauses, they did so on the ground that enforcing such a waiver for the activities in question was “against public policy.” Recently, however, many courts have addressed the issue through the contract doctrine of “unconscionability.” This change in focus has subtly but importantly altered the enforceability inquiry by emphasizing the conditions under which the plaintiff agreed to the contract, …

From Museum To The Auction Block: Regulating The Deaccessioning Of Art, Jenny Lyubomudrova

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Inadequacy Of The Impossible: Obtaining Post-Conviction Dna Testing In Alabama, Trena Riley

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Deeply Fake, Deeply Disturbing, Deeply Constitutional: Why The First Amendment Likely Protects The Creation Of Pornographic Deepfakes, Bradley Waldstreicher

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

What's The [Irreparable] Harm?: Incentivizing Creativity Through Preliminary Injunctions In Copyright Law, Arielle Matza

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Liability For Uncertainty: Making Evidential Damage Actionable, Ariel Porat, Alex Stein

Cardozo Law Review

Because factual uncertainty distorts the allocation of civil liability, this Article argues that the law should impose liability for uncertainty. Justified on both corrective justice and economic efficiency grounds, this liability should be imposed upon any person who negligently aggravates the uncertainty of a civil case by making its evidential base deficient. Because "evidence" belongs to the world of inferences rather than things, evidential damage may be inflicted in a variety of ways, far beyond destruction of documents and other physical tampering with evidence. Through adoption and refinement of this insight, the Article diagnoses the presence of evidential damage …

When Is A Mortgage Guarantee Not Worth The Price Of A Notary? - The Incongruent Judicial Application Of New York’S Deficiency Judgment Statute, Benjamin Gruberg

Cardozo Law Review

Collateral for a mortgage is usually real property which, in the event that the mortgagor (borrower) defaults, is often sold by the mortgagee (lender) in a foreclosure sale. When the collateral consists of multiple parcels of real property and sale of the first parcel fails to realize the full amount of the outstanding debt, a deficiency results. The mortgagee next expects to sell the remaining properties in an attempt to secure full payment of this deficiency.

Gender In The Law Of Slavery In The Antebellum United States, Andrew T. Fede

Cardozo Law Review

In her thought-provoking paper Finding Sojourner's Truth: Race, Gender, and the Institution of Property, Cheryl I. Harris explores the connections between slavery, race, and gender in the law of the antebellum United States. Harris acknowledges that slaves alone were defined as property at law, and, therefore,*the legal status of slaves differed from free white women and free black women. She also acknowledges that "white women" were allowed property rights on "male-defined terms" but asserts, nevertheless, that free women could be considered as a form of property.

“Doubly Condemned”: Adjustments To The Crime And Punishment Regime In The Late Slavery Period In The British Caribbean Colonies, Anthony De V. Phillips

Cardozo Law Review

Several good reasons must have led Michael Craton to choose the title for his very useful work, Searching for the Invisible Man: Slaves and Plantation Life in Jamaica. In the area of slavery and criminal sanctions, however, there is great difficulty with the idea of the "invisibility" of black people. Blacks were, in fact, "evervisible." Indeed, in view of their numbers and ubiquity, the slaves were at the forefront of the minds and concerns of all white people. This was especially true for the dominant political elite who made the laws and controlled the system of the administration of …

What’S The Use Of Calling Emerson A Pragmatist?, Stanley Cavell

Cardozo Law Review

I applaud the revival of interest in John Dewey and William James, on various intellectual and political grounds, and seek to learn what is at stake for others in their revival. But I also wish to suspend applause-doubtless more a transcendentalist than a pragmatist gesture on my part-for ideas that seem to be gaining prominence within this movement, expressed by writers and thinkers whom I admire, according to which Emerson is to be understood as a proto-pragmatist and Wittgenstein as, let's say, a neo-pragmatist. Perhaps I will be taken as struggling merely over labels; but sometimes labels should be struggled …

From Slaves To Citizens: African-Americans, Rights Consciousness, And Reconstruction, Donald G. Nieman

Cardozo Law Review

Addressing a racially mixed jury selected to try Ku Klux Klansmen in federal circuit court in Columbia, South Carolina in 1871, United States Attorney Daniel T. Corbin highlighted the dramatic changes that the previous decade had witnessed. "Gentlemen," he remarked, "we have lived over a century in the last ten years." Corbin did not exaggerate. The Civil War and Reconstruction years witnessed changes as revolutionary as any the nation has ever experienced. And nowhere were the changes as sweeping as in the realm of constitutional law.

The Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust: Lessons For The Future, Frank J. Macchiarola

Cardozo Law Review

I will outline the story of the Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust. While reading this tale, I urge the reader to ask the following questions: Was the Trust procedure effective? Could other procedures have better resolved the difficulties faced by asbestos victims? Could these other procedures fit into the legal framework, or does equity demand that a workable solution fall outside the legal structure? Could the system developed for the Trust be adapted for future mass torts, or did it simply result from compromises that would not have occurred save for the fact that there was no "bottomless pit" of …

Compensating Caregiving Relatives: Abandoning The Family Member Rule In Contracts, Jonathan S. Henes

Cardozo Law Review

The law presumes that a person who performs a valuable service for another will be compensated. However, a limited exception to this principle exists when the services are performed between family members. This exception, also known as the family member rule, is a nineteenth century creation that arose from the courts' understanding of the dynamics of the nineteenth century household. However, the household of the nineteenth century has all but disappeared from contemporary society. With the disappearance of this household, the issue that arises is whether the family member rule is still necessary. This Note argues that it is not …

Stories Out Of School: Teaching The Case Of Brown V. Voss, Elizabeth J. Samuels

Cardozo Law Review

In a deft parody of conventional education-inspired by a vote to put a school system on a year-round schedule-the parodist purports to have unearthed a letter from Huck Finn to Tom Sawyer's aunt, Mrs. Phelps. In the letter, Huck reports on a productive summer spent in school, studying long hours and earning high grades.

Seqra’S Too Valuable To Trash: A Reply To Stewart Sterk, Philip Weinberg

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Damages In Car Accidents Through The Use Of Neural Networks, Lothar Philipps

Cardozo Law Review

After a traffic accident the damage has to be fairly divided among the parties involved, and a ratio has to be determined. There are many precedents for this, and judges have developed catalogues suggesting ratios for common types of accidents.

The problem that "every case is different," however, remains. Many cases have familiar aspects, but also unfamiliar ones. Even if a case is composed of several familiar aspects with established ratios, the question remains as to how these are to be figured into one ratio. The first thought would be to invent a mathematical formula, but such formulae are rigid …

Comment On Nesson, Joseph Gastwirth

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The New/Old Law Of Securities Transfer: Calling A “Spade” A “Heart, Diamond, Club Or The Like”, Martin J. Aronstein

Cardozo Law Review

Recent changes in the law of securities transfer might be characterized as trying to put an expanding multi-faceted peg in a round hole. The proverbial round hole, of course, is the traditional negotiable instrument concept that a security is transferred by delivery. The peg is the rapidly developing system of securities issuance and holding practices in which an owner's interest in a security is evidenced by an entry on his account with a broker, bank, clearing corporation, or other intermediary, and the security itself is represented by a piece of paper in the possession of that or another third party, …

The Idolatry Of Rules: Writing Law According To Moses, With Reference To Other Jurisprudences, Arthur J. Jacobson

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

From Parratt To Zinermon: Authorization, Adequacy, And Immunity In A Systematic Analysis Of State Procedure, Daniel S. Feder

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Internal And External Analysis Of Concepts, Randy Barnett

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Retaliatory Discharge For Workers' Compensation: Do Union Employees Need A State Tort, Scott N. Gelfand

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Flypaper Contracts And The Genesis Of Modern Tort, Peter Huber

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Retroactive Reimbursement: The Standard Of Review For A Parent’S Unilateral Placement Under The Education For All Handicapped Children Act, Julie Price Passman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Hegel And Modern Contract Theory: A Comment On Benson And Rosenfeld, Jay M. Feinman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Righting Rights, Lawrence G. Sager

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Balancing The Benefits And Detriments Of Private Antitrust Enforcement: Detrebling, Antitrust Injury, Standing, And Other Proposed Solutions, David Klingsberg

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.