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Articles 61 - 90 of 98
Full-Text Articles in Labor and Employment Law
Bfoq: An Exception Becoming The Rule, Ronald J. James, Michael A. Alaimo
Bfoq: An Exception Becoming The Rule, Ronald J. James, Michael A. Alaimo
Cleveland State Law Review
Recent court decisions interpreting section 4(f)1 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and defining bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) exemptions have done little to promote employment of or prohibit discrimination against older Americans. Nor have the decisions helped employers or workers understand applicable BFOQ standards. In essence, recent court decisions have so distorted the BFOQ exemption as to gut the lofty intent of the law set forth in the preamble. It is the purpose of this article to examine these recent court decisions, to assess the court's misapplication of their own historic BFOQ test, and to attempt to probe …
Federalism And Federal Regulation Of Public Employers: The Implications Of National League Of Cities V. Usery, W. Harding Drane
Federalism And Federal Regulation Of Public Employers: The Implications Of National League Of Cities V. Usery, W. Harding Drane
Cleveland State Law Review
The purpose of this Note is to examine the limits of the federal commerce power when applied to the states as states, using as a focal point, the controversies which have arisen in the application of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA).
Buffalo Forge Co. V. United Steelworkers: The Supreme Court Sanctions Sympathy Strikes, Michael E. Kushner
Buffalo Forge Co. V. United Steelworkers: The Supreme Court Sanctions Sympathy Strikes, Michael E. Kushner
Cleveland State Law Review
The Norris-LaGuardia Act was enacted in 1932 to curb the unbridled use of the federal injunction as a remedy in labor-management disputes. After enactment of the Norris-LaGuardia Act, labor unions grew and gained substantial collective bargaining power. Congressional policy then shifted to encouraging the effective enforcement of collective bargaining agreements between employers and unions. Subsequent to enactment of the LMRA, the no-strike obligation and arbitration procedures became standard bargained-for provisions. However, Judges soon refused to enjoin strikes in alleged violation of no-strike clauses, basing their decisions on the force of section 4. Employers contended that the more recent section 301 …
The Authority Of The Public Employer To Engage In Collective Bargaining In The Absence Of A State Statute: Ohio, A Case In Point, Karen Berns Newborn
The Authority Of The Public Employer To Engage In Collective Bargaining In The Absence Of A State Statute: Ohio, A Case In Point, Karen Berns Newborn
Cleveland State Law Review
This comment will discuss the traditional arguments against public sector collective bargaining, suggest answers to those arguments, and analyze the Dayton Classroom Teachers Association decision. It will conclude with an analysis of how the issues should be considered and suggest the problems which are presented by Ohio's case law.
Title Vii: An Overview Of Some Common Employer Pitfalls, Thomas C. Schrader
Title Vii: An Overview Of Some Common Employer Pitfalls, Thomas C. Schrader
Cleveland State Law Review
Titile VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other supporting acts and laws have established certain employment rights for the vast majority of employees throughout the United States, and the procedures for enforcing those rights. Substantial efforts have been made by federal and state agencies, as well as minority interest groups, to publicize the laws and their enforcement procedures. In 1974 it can be safely assumed that virtually all employees affected by the equal employment laws are familiar with their rights or, minim- ally, know where to obtain sufficient information to be fully apprised of those rights. Surprisingly, …
Arbitration Of Right Of Employee To Self-Expression, Harold D. Smith
Arbitration Of Right Of Employee To Self-Expression, Harold D. Smith
Cleveland State Law Review
The conflicting interests dealt with by arbitration cases summarized in this paper involve management's right to direct an employee's behavior and the employee's right to retain control over his behavior. Many arbitrators attempt to balance these interests on the theory that (1) an individual's rights are modified to some extent when he voluntarily accepts those responsibilities which accompany his entering an employee relationship; and (2) a contractual right to discharge for just cause, does not equip the employer with an absolute right to direct the employee to do or not to do anything which the employer feels would promote the …
Subcontracting Arbitration: How The Issues Are Decided, Edwin H. Jacobs
Subcontracting Arbitration: How The Issues Are Decided, Edwin H. Jacobs
Cleveland State Law Review
The purpose of this paper is to determine what, if any, particular criteria are currently being used by arbitrators in deciding subcontracting controversies involving labor and management where a contract exists between the parties. The failure of traditional standards in the evaluation of subcontracting controversies has long been evident. The view here taken opposes those standards and indicates that there is a soundly based and readily analyzed common factor, available as a basis for the determination of these disputes.
Occupational Safety And Health Act Of 1970, Lee Hornberger
Occupational Safety And Health Act Of 1970, Lee Hornberger
Cleveland State Law Review
More than fourteen thousand workers died as a result of occupationally related accidents in 1970. This is more than died in Vietnam during the same period. During the 1960's, more than 150,000 Americans died under similar conditions. This was in spite of occupational safety and health legislation in most of the states. Federal safety legislation in limited areas had failed to stem the fatal tide in even those limited areas. It had become apparent that unless a new comprehensive approach was used the worksite would become even more deadly than the battlefield. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 …
Discrimination Against Women In Employment In Higher Education, Alan Miles Ruben, Betty J. Willis
Discrimination Against Women In Employment In Higher Education, Alan Miles Ruben, Betty J. Willis
Cleveland State Law Review
Having been forced to adjust the structure of academic governance and the design of the curriculum responsively to large-scale student protest, it now appears that universities will have to rework their traditional patterns for the appointment, compensation and promotion of faculty and administrative staff to satisfy the demands being made by the women's liberation movement for an end to sexist employment practices.
Probationary Teachers And The Expectancy Of Continued Employment, James T. Flaherty
Probationary Teachers And The Expectancy Of Continued Employment, James T. Flaherty
Cleveland State Law Review
This article will investigate the extent to which the tenure benefits of due process are available to petitioners who can establish an "expectancy of employment." This due process, as to dismissal, includes notice, opportunity for a hearing and reasonable cause.
Unemployment Insurance: Good Cause For Leaving Employment, Gerry Davidson
Unemployment Insurance: Good Cause For Leaving Employment, Gerry Davidson
Cleveland State Law Review
The primary objectives behind the enactment of unemployment insurance programs have been enunciated as follows: Unemployment insurance is a program established under Federal and State law for income maintenance during periods of involuntary unemployment due to lack of work, which provides partial compensation for wage loss as a matter of right, with dignity and dispatch, to eligible individuals. It helps to maintain purchasing power and to stabilize the economy. It helps to prevent the dispersal of the employers' trained work force, the sacrifice of skills, and the breakdown of labor standards during temporary unemployment. However, there are certain requirements a …
Political Rights Of Government Employees, Donald H. Buckley
Political Rights Of Government Employees, Donald H. Buckley
Cleveland State Law Review
There are nearly three million federal employees, of whom 50.8 percent are professional, technical or administrative personnel. These federal employees and those individuals employed by a state or local agency whose principal employment is in connection with an activity which is financed in whole or in part by loans or grants made by the United States or a federal agency are subject to the United States Civil Service Commission rules regulating political activity. Under Civil Service rules, individuals may be removed from their employment for doing what every other American may consider a constitutionally protected right; namely, participating actively in …
Hospitals, Unions, And Strikes, Glenn E. Billington
Hospitals, Unions, And Strikes, Glenn E. Billington
Cleveland State Law Review
In April 12, 1967, the majority of the non-professional employees of St. Luke's Hospital of Cleveland, Ohio, members of Local 47, Building Service and Maintenance Union, walked off their jobs and set up picket lines across the entrance of the Hospital. In addition to bringing into the limelight the extremely poor working conditions in modern non-profit hospitals, the strike also pointed out a serious shortcoming of the law in Ohio and most other states. Before we can fully understand the problems of employees in non-profit hospitals, it is useful to briefly review the history of the modern hospital.
Labor Union Group Legal Service For Members, Eugene Green
Labor Union Group Legal Service For Members, Eugene Green
Cleveland State Law Review
The right of associations to provide their members with legal services appears to be as broad as the freedom of assembly and discussion protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments. These freedoms "are not confined to any field of human interest" and are of the same dimension in matters of local or national interest.
Public Employees' Right To Strike, Marc J. Bloch
Public Employees' Right To Strike, Marc J. Bloch
Cleveland State Law Review
In a society which demands constantly increased services from its government, work stoppages in the public sector are cause for growing concern. Public employees are involved in myriad of service jobs. Yet, public employees are the largest group of employees in Ohio who lack basic labor rights.
Industrial Engineering And The Law, Robert E. Walker, Robert A. Fein
Industrial Engineering And The Law, Robert E. Walker, Robert A. Fein
Cleveland State Law Review
BOOM BACKLASH made recent headlines in the May 26th issue of The Wall Street Journal. The sub-heading, "Efficiency Falls and Pay Training Costs Increase as Labor Supply Shrinks" delves into the heart of industrial engineering. This represents, also, an expansive and enigmatic economic problem which is now confronting employers in northern Ohio and western Pennsylvania. It is the job of the industrial engineer to deal with the resulting problems of decreased productivity, contract erosion, and unbalanced labor relations.
Arbitration As A Remedy In Labor Disputes, William F. Powers
Arbitration As A Remedy In Labor Disputes, William F. Powers
Cleveland State Law Review
The object of arbitration is the final disposition of the dispute in a non-technical, less expensive and more expeditious manner, by persons having expertise in labor management relations. Labor arbitration should not be categorized as a substitute for litigation.
Contract Interference By Previous Employer, Robert I. Bendis
Contract Interference By Previous Employer, Robert I. Bendis
Cleveland State Law Review
Whether or not Bennett was correct in his allegation and whether or not his former employer was justified in its act were the questions presented to the court in the case of William Bennett v. Storz Broadcasting Company. The answers to these questions turned on the court's interpretation of the following issues: what acts constitute actionable interference; was the contract of employment between the plaintiff and the defendant, and/or the negative covenant contained therein, valid; was the existence of a contract crucial or even necessary for an action to lie; could there be any justification for the defendant's acts; and …
Employer's Duty To Know Deficiencies Of Employees, Martin R. Loftus
Employer's Duty To Know Deficiencies Of Employees, Martin R. Loftus
Cleveland State Law Review
In the case of Kendall v. Gore Properties Inc. an employer was held liable for the willful and malicious (criminal) acts of his employee. The employee, a janitor in an apartment house, had murdered a tenant. The employer was held liable on the ground that he, the landlord, had been recklessly ignorant in the selection of the employee. The case illustrates the modern doctrine of allocating to the employer liability for the harm caused by the servant's tortious behavior, based on his negligent selection of the employee, even though the criminal nature of the servant's act is far beyond that …
Employer's Liability For Employee He Was Compelled To Hire, James Balph
Employer's Liability For Employee He Was Compelled To Hire, James Balph
Cleveland State Law Review
Should an employer be liable for the torts of his employee if he was compelled to employ him?The master is charged with the obligation of selecting competent workmen. Therefore, if the element of employee selection is removed as a prerogative of the employer, does not this remove the master-servant relationship? If the employer through no fault of his own cannot completely direct and control the employee, is not the necessary privity between master and servant absent? Is it reasonable that the employer be liable for the misconduct of a person whose selection and/or control has been taken out of his …
Workmen's Compensation For Suicide After Traumatic Injury, Paul Mitrovich
Workmen's Compensation For Suicide After Traumatic Injury, Paul Mitrovich
Cleveland State Law Review
Since the institution of the Workmen's Compensation Acts, courts have recognized that in some instances compensation statutes cover suicide. However, these situations are few, and must meet a rigid set of tests before a court will award compensation to the decedent's family or survivors.
How F.E.L.A. Became Liability Without Fault, Gaspare A. Corso
How F.E.L.A. Became Liability Without Fault, Gaspare A. Corso
Cleveland State Law Review
The Federal Employers' Liability Act supersedes the common and statutory law of the states ("There is no federal common law"), and this is true regardless of where the action is brought. Under common law, the injured employee was faced with the burden of proof and obliged to overcome the defenses of contributory negligence, assumption of risk and the fellowservant rule. But it is apparent that Congress was dissatisfied with the common law approach to the master-servant relation-ship. The practical effect (at the very least) of the F.E.L.A. is to abolish many of the defenses available at common law to an …
Horseplay By Employees, Michael Kaye
Horseplay By Employees, Michael Kaye
Cleveland State Law Review
The trend of authority is strongly in favor of eliminating the aggressor defense from Workmen's Compensation law. The instigator, like the victim or participant in horseplay, is now likely to be compensated for his injuries resulting from sportive acts. This is looked on by the law as a reasonable consequence of the natural conditions of employment rather than as a deviation. "Horseplay" is the colloquial term referring to sportive and playful acts often used legalistically to describe the conduct of employees who skylark or prank, doing injury to themselves or to others. Sportive conduct includes assaults with or without an …
Job Refusal In Unemployment Compensation Claims, Robert J. Bowers
Job Refusal In Unemployment Compensation Claims, Robert J. Bowers
Cleveland State Law Review
Unemployment compensation is a type of insurance. As such, it does not cover losses intentionally incurred by claimants. However, the spirit of the Social Security Act of 1935 and of similar laws enacted in all the states affect the qualification or disqualification of a claimant who refuses a job. The broad discretionary powers of administrators and boards of review preclude definitive answer. We must be content with awareness of the tolerance limits indicated by stare decisis and commission rules.
Stare Decisis In The F.E.L.A., Harry G. Fuerst
Stare Decisis In The F.E.L.A., Harry G. Fuerst
Cleveland State Law Review
The general doctrine on stare decisis is that when a court has once laid down a principle of law as applicable to a certain set of facts, it will adhere to that principle and apply it to all future cases, where the facts are substantially the same. Congress on August 11, 1939, amended the Federal Employers Liability Act, and by the sweep of the President's pen the old and archaic defense of assumption of risk was completely eliminated from the Act.
The Runaway Shop, Michael Frenkel
The Runaway Shop, Michael Frenkel
Cleveland State Law Review
One of the most difficult problems in labor law is that of plant removal, better known as the "runaway shop." Here the applicable law is changing and uncertain, yet the advisor must be prepared to answer vital questions. Certainly, one of the most drastic economic weapons in managements' arsenal in battles with labor unions is the runaway shop. This is the device whereby an employer either prevents unionization, or escapes bargaining with an established union, by ceasing operations at his original location and relocating in another, usually distant community. The purpose of this article is to outline the matters which …
Disposition Of Local's Funds Upon Disaffiliation, Joseph T. Svete
Disposition Of Local's Funds Upon Disaffiliation, Joseph T. Svete
Cleveland State Law Review
Disposition of funds upon a local's disaffiliation from the international union has been one of the most difficult problems for the courts to overcome in the field of Labor Law. The application of common law doctrines to a mobile field requiring flexible approaches posed many problems. Seemingly, a new theory had to be developed every time'a new situation arose since the courts were reluctant to consistently apply any one theory because of its undesirable results. This resulted in the development of six distinct doctrines: "implied condition" or "frustration of purpose," "local autonomy," "trust fund," "unclean hands," "certification" and "breach of …
Employer Immunity In Independent-Contractor Torts In Ohio, Robert Blattner
Employer Immunity In Independent-Contractor Torts In Ohio, Robert Blattner
Cleveland State Law Review
The independent contractor situation differs from most other tort cases in that the employer usually is not the actual tortfeasor. As the contractor is the one who commits the actual wrong, the employer is liable, if at all, only vicariously. One of the main questions becomes not whether the injured party shall recover, but from whom he shall recover. This is the question examined here.
Third Party Actions Against Co-Employees, John E. Martindale
Third Party Actions Against Co-Employees, John E. Martindale
Cleveland State Law Review
Industrial injuries involving intentional torts or situations where the workmen's compensation statute has not been complied with by the employer may, in many cases, relieve the plaintiff of the restrictions placed on his common law rights. It is not our purpose here to explore these exceptions, but to define the extent to which a right of action exists against the coemployee tort-feasor who is clearly within the course and scope of his employment when he inflicts the injury on his fellow worker.
Labor Union Tort Liability, William J. Hotes
Labor Union Tort Liability, William J. Hotes
Cleveland State Law Review
One of the major problems in determination of labor union tort liability is the extent of federal pre-emption of labor law matters-does it preclude either state legislation or court action where interstate commerce is affected?