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Articles 451 - 480 of 541
Full-Text Articles in Jurisdiction
Conflict Of Laws-Jurisdiction-Foreign Corporation Not Doing Business In The State
Conflict Of Laws-Jurisdiction-Foreign Corporation Not Doing Business In The State
Michigan Law Review
A summons addressed to the defendant corporation was served upon one of its officers at his private residence in Minnesota. The defendant, appearing specially, moved to set aside the service on the ground that it was a foreign corporation not transacting business in the state and that it had empowered no one to accept service of process there in its behalf. The plaintiff contended that the acquisition and ownership of property in Minnesota brought the defendant into the state and under the jurisdiction of its courts. Held, jurisdiction over the corporate property did not give jurisdiction over the corporate …
Taxation-Jurisdiction To Levy An Inheritance Tax
Taxation-Jurisdiction To Levy An Inheritance Tax
Michigan Law Review
A Massachusetts decedent by will created a trust in stocks and bonds. By the terms of the trust the trustee was to pay the income to the settlor's daughter during her life and upon her death was to pay the corpus to such persons as she should by will appoint. She died domiciled in North Carolina leaving a will appointing her husband and son to receive the property. North Carolina imposed an inheritance tax under a statute making the exercise of the power of appointment subject to the tax in the same manner as though the property belonged absolutely to …
Recent Important Decisions
Michigan Law Review
A collection of recent important court decisions.
Declaratory Judgments Under State Statutes In Federal Courts
Declaratory Judgments Under State Statutes In Federal Courts
Michigan Law Review
Will the federal courts render declaratory judgments when sitting in states which have adopted statutes authorizing that form of relief? A recent decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, written by Justice Sanford, has thrown the whole problem of declaratory judgments in the federal courts into a most unfortunate state of confusion. Liberty Warehouse Co. v. B. S. Grannis, 47 Sup. Ct. Rep. 282.
The Effect Of Foreign Divorce Upon Dower And Curtesy, Robert W. Wheeler
The Effect Of Foreign Divorce Upon Dower And Curtesy, Robert W. Wheeler
Michigan Law Review
Dower and curtesy are no longer viewed with the kindly eye with which the older law regarded these marital property rights. While inroads have been made by statute, which in many instances have abolished these estates, there are still a large number of states which retain dower and curtesy in their original or in a modified form. Coincident with the decline of these estates has come the great increase of divorces, so that the question of the effect of foreign divorce upon dower and curtesy is litigated with increasing frequency. The problem requires first a consideration of the relation of …
Ex Parts Divorce As A Bar To A Subsequent Action For Alimony
Ex Parts Divorce As A Bar To A Subsequent Action For Alimony
Michigan Law Review
A decree of divorce purports only to affect the marital status of the parties and as such is an action en rem, while an order to pay alimony is a personal judgment. To be effective it must be rendered by a court having personal jurisdiction over the defendant. Since the decision of Pennoyer v. Neff, if the defendant, though an assent non-resident, has property within the jurisdiction the local law may authorize proceedings for seizing it for a personal claim against the owner, the action in effect being against the owner's interest in the property attached. This applies …
Situs Of Corporate Shares For Administration Purposes
Situs Of Corporate Shares For Administration Purposes
Michigan Law Review
Questions concerning the situs of corporate shares for tax purposes have been productive of much litigation and a fairly extensive body of authority on the subject has accumulated. Cases dealing with the situs of shares for purposes of administration, on the other hand, arc very rare. This latter fact may be ascribed to the acceptance, in all states except Illinois and Mississippi, of the common law rule that the distribution of personal property shall be governed by the law of the decedent's domicil. But in those two jurisdictions, the legislature has provided that, "All personal property situated in this state …
Public Utilities -Statutory Review By The State Supreme Court Of A Decision By The Commission
Public Utilities -Statutory Review By The State Supreme Court Of A Decision By The Commission
Michigan Law Review
Fifteen states in enacting public utility laws creating public utility commissions, have provided for an appeal on review of commission decisions, by the supreme court of the state. Other states provide for review by lower state courts with a subsequent appeal therefrom to the supreme court. No doubt, the direct appeal goes hand in hand with the more expeditious legal procedure exemplified by the creation of such administrative tribunals. In most states, including eight of the above fifteen, the constitutions provide that the jurisdiction of the supreme courts shall be appellate only, except for a few prerogative writs of original …
Jurisdiction Over Unincorporated Associations Composed Of Nonresidents
Jurisdiction Over Unincorporated Associations Composed Of Nonresidents
Michigan Law Review
New York has a statute which provides for suits against unincorporated associations consisting of seven or more members. It reads as follows: An action or special proceeding may be maintained, against the president or treasurer of such an association, * * * upon any cause of action, for or upon which the· plaintiff may maintain such action or special proceeding, against all the associates * * *· Any partnership; or other company of persons, which has a president or treasurer, is, deemed an association within the meaning of this section." General Associations Law (Consol. Laws of N. Y.), sec. 13. …
Jurisdiction Over Foreign Corporations, Maxwell E. Fead
Jurisdiction Over Foreign Corporations, Maxwell E. Fead
Michigan Law Review
During the last century, the standing of foreign corporations in our law has been radically changed; and the law on this subject at the present day is far from being in a settled condition. According to the early view, a corporation could have no legal existence outside of the state of its creation. This view was perhaps best expressed by Mr. Chief Justice Taney in his famous dictum in Bank of Augusta v. Earle. "And this corporation can have no legal existence out of the bounds of the sovereignty by which it is created. It exists only in contemplation …
The Court Of Claims, J. H. Toelle
The Court Of Claims, J. H. Toelle
Michigan Law Review
The Court of Claims was established by Act of Congress in 1855. The original Act provided that at the commencement of each session of Congress, and at the commencement of each month during the session, the Court should report the cases upon which they should have finally acted, stating in each the material facts which they found established by the evidence, with their opinion in the case, and the. reasons upon which such opinion was founded, and the opinion of any judge who should dissent from the majority. It also directed the Court to prepare a bill or bills in …
The Uniformity Of The Maritime Law, George L. Canfield
The Uniformity Of The Maritime Law, George L. Canfield
Michigan Law Review
In 1871, Richard Henry Dana commenced a masterly article on the "History of Admiralty Jurisdiction in the Supreme Court of the United States,'' by writing, "After seventy yea.rs of baffling winds and cross currents in the region of admiralty jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the United States has sailed out into deep water." In 1924, Charles Merrill Hough concludes his delightful "Admiralty Jurisdiction-of Late Years," with the statement, "The years since 1906 have not increased the certainty of maritime law, and they have impaired the tradition of enforceable customs of the sea." And others writing in current legal periodicals have …
Taxation-Bonds-Inheritance Tax
Taxation-Bonds-Inheritance Tax
Michigan Law Review
Albert, Prince de Monaco, died possessed of bonds in two Utah railway corporations, which had been purchased and were payable at the New York office of the companies. He was a citizen and resident of France and the bonds had never been within the territorial confines of the state of Utah. The bonds were secured by a trust mortgage on all of the property of the respective corporations, only a fraction of which was within Utah. The state of Utah levied an inheritance tax on these bonds which was paid under protest, the present action being to recover back the …
Conflict Of Laws-Adoption-Jurisdiction
Conflict Of Laws-Adoption-Jurisdiction
Michigan Law Review
Sociologists treat of the subject of adoption very sparsely. It is but a desired end in their work, and having its foundation in law, yields but slightly to sociological supervision. However, there exist many reports and treatises in the field of child placement and the effect thereof on the child. The most cursory examination of these works reveals that from the social point of view, at least, the work is conducted with but one end in view, i. e., the welfare of the child. Adoption, as a means to this end, has the same reason for its foundation. To this …
The Power Of The Written Assertion, Gustavus Ohlinger
The Power Of The Written Assertion, Gustavus Ohlinger
Michigan Law Review
In his Outline of History Mr. Wells comments on the exaggerated estimate which people generally, through reading the Old Testament account, have come to entertain of the wisdom of Solomon and of the glory and prestige of the Israelitish Kingdom during his reign. By way of contrast, the facts, which are readily available and discernable even in the scriptural narrative, reveal this much advertised monarch as a rather insignificant chieftain and his kingdom as a pawn in the policies of his powerful neighbors-a striking example, according to Mr. Wells, of the power of the written assertion over realities in men's …
Taxation-Inheritance Tax-Power Of Appointment
Taxation-Inheritance Tax-Power Of Appointment
Michigan Law Review
An inheritance tax in general is a tax on the exercise of a right. It is in the nature of an excise tax. Knowlton v. Moore, 178 U. S. 41. In recent years many states, as well as the federal government, have extended their taxing activities in this field. 4 COOLY, TAXATION, 4th ed. p. 3439. New York passed a statute in 1892 taxing the exercise of a power of appointment. The statute declared that whenever any person exercises a power of appointment, such appointment when made shall be deemed a transfer taxable as though the property belonged absolutely …
Subrogation-The Effect On Equity Jurisdiction Of The Legal Remedy Becoming Adequate
Subrogation-The Effect On Equity Jurisdiction Of The Legal Remedy Becoming Adequate
Michigan Law Review
As the common law courts develop and discard many of their technical rules it often happens that a remedy at law formerly inadequate becomes perfectly adequate to administer substantial justice to all parties concerned. When such a situation arises the question is raised as to whether or not equity jurisdiction in that field has been ousted. Historically the greatest factor in equitable relief was the inadequacy of the remedy at law. From a strictly logical point of view it would seem that when the remedy at law becomes adequate the Chancellor is pro tanto deprived of his· right to give …
War Crimes, Elbridge Colby
War Crimes, Elbridge Colby
Michigan Law Review
Grant that as far as military jurisdictions are concerned, the superior order justifies the act of the subordinate. Yet is such a judgment valid outside of military circles? Grant that public armed troops and soldiers have generally been held exempt when acting under the orders of their sovereign, and are responsible only to their own government. Is this an absolute protection? Is it true that, by the authority vested in him, "the commanding general determines what measures are necessary unless restrained by the orders of his government, which alone is his superior." Are there no qualifications to the idea that …
Right To Determine The Place Of Burial Of A Corpse
Right To Determine The Place Of Burial Of A Corpse
Michigan Law Review
A dead body is not property, but a sort of quasi-property, so in a strict legal sense there are no property rights in a corpse. This is especially true after burial, as many courts make a distinction between rights existing prior to burial, and those after burial. Nevertheless, relatives have certain rights against others for mutilation, removal, etc. of a corpse, whether based on property or not. Cases where damages are recovered for mutilation before burial are common, and in England v. Central Pocahontas Coal Co. 86 W. Va. 575, the plaintiff was allowed an action of trespass against …
International Law-Extraterritorial Seizures In Times Of Peace-The Recent "Rum" Treaties
International Law-Extraterritorial Seizures In Times Of Peace-The Recent "Rum" Treaties
Michigan Law Review
It is commonly accepted as a general rule of the law of nations that the territorial jurisdiction of a littoral state extends three miles into the adjacent sea. 1 HYDE, INTERNATIONAL LAW, §141; EVANS, CASES ON INTERNATIONAL LAW, 2nd ed., p. 152, note. It has been held that even this rule does not preclude rights of innocent passage within three miles of the coast, The Queen v. Keyn (1876) L. R. Z. Exchq. Div. 63; EVANS, supra, p. 155 note; HYDE, supra; or of involuntary entrance by "stress of weather or by inevitable necessity'', 1 HYDE, supra, …
Contracts With The United States, Grover C. Grismore
Contracts With The United States, Grover C. Grismore
Michigan Law Review
It has been settled since a comparatively early day in the history of our government that "the United States being a body politic, may, within the sphere of the constitutional powers confided to it, and through the instrumentality of the proper department to which those powers are confided, enter into contracts not prohibited by law, and appropriate to the just exercise of those powers." While this proposition became established without much of a struggle, it has not been so freely admitted that such contracts are to be given the same construction and effect as the contracts of individuals. In Smoot's …
Legitimation And Adoption In The Conflict Of Laws, Herbert F. Goodrich
Legitimation And Adoption In The Conflict Of Laws, Herbert F. Goodrich
Michigan Law Review
Legitimation is defined in Bouvier's Law Dictionary as the act of giving the character of legitimate children to those who were not so born. To make the description complete, it should be added that the natural relation of parent and child must exist between the parties (if strangers in blood the case becomes one of adoption) and that the act or acts of legitimation must be provided for by law.
The Permanent International Court Of Justice
The Permanent International Court Of Justice
Michigan Law Review
The writer has already commented, in an earlier number of this Review, upon the plan for a Permanent Court of International Justice which was formulated by a committee of jurists at The Hague in the summer of 1920 and amended and approved by the Council and Assembly of the League of Nations in December of the same year. 19 MICH. L. REV. 413. The plan became operative upon ratification by a majority of the members of the League in September, 1921, and judges were elected immediately thereafter. The Court's first session opened at The Hague in January, 1922. The present …
The Ship Mortgage Act Of 1920, George L. Canfield
The Ship Mortgage Act Of 1920, George L. Canfield
Michigan Law Review
Maritime loans have been usually secured by either bottomry bonds or ship mortgages. The former constituted maritime liens of high and privileged character, while the latter had no standing in admiralty at all except as to remnants after all other claims against the ship had been satisfied. The statute now under discussion, being part of general legislation for the revival of the American merchant marine, makes "preferred mortgages" thereunder maritime liens, enforceable by admiralty process in rem. The changes made by the statute in existing law are radical and its construction by the Supreme Court will be of great …
Venue--Jurisdiction In Criminal Cases
Venue--Jurisdiction In Criminal Cases
Michigan Law Review
In a recent case in Oklahoma the defendant was prosecuted for bigamy, under a statute which read as follows: "It shall be unlawful for either party to such divorce to remarry any other person within six months from the degree of divorcement. * * * Any person marrying contrary: to the provisions of this statute shall be deemed guilty of bigamy, and such marriage shall be absolutely void." The defendant remarried in another state and returned to Live in Oklahoma. The court held that it had no jurisdiction. Jennings v. State, 17 Okla. Cr. R. 698.
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, V, Thomas Reed Powell
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, V, Thomas Reed Powell
Michigan Law Review
By the terms of Article III of the Constitution the federal judicial power extends to cases and controversies of various kinds, and it is established that no dispute, even though otherwise cognizable, can be brought before the federal courts unless they are technically a case or a controversy. In illustration of this, Fairchild v. Hughes held that a private citizen with no other interest at stake than his personal opposition to woman suffrage can not bring a bill to restrain the Secretary of State from issuing a proclamation declaring the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Iv, Thomas Reed Powell
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Iv, Thomas Reed Powell
Michigan Law Review
That contracts between private parties cannot stand in the way of exercises of the police power for the promotion of health, morals and safety is firmly established. This principle was invoked against objection to rent regulation in decisions of the preceding term, and it is reiterated in Edgar A. Levy Leasing Co. v. Siegel. In one of the cases involved in this decision a tenant was relieved of a contract made after the statute was enacted, and the landlord here encountered the further doctrine that "of course, a lease made subsequent to the enactment of a statute cannot be …
Equity-Federal Court Requirements As To Bringing Suits By A Shareholder In The Name Of The Corporation
Michigan Law Review
It cannot "successfully be argued that it is a matter of course for any individual members of a corporation to assume to themselves the right of suing in the name of the corporation." The corporation and its aggregate members are not the same in law nor in equity. In the equity practice of our federal courts the conditions under which a shareholder can bring a suit have not run a smooth course.