International Trade Law Commons^™

Federal Regulations Pertaining To Collection, Import, Export, And Transport Of Scientific Specimens Of Mammals, Hugh H. Genoways, Jerry R. Choate

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The routine tasks of mammalogists whose research or curatorial activities include collecting, importing, processing, exporting, or interstate transporting of living or dead scientific specimens of mammals have become increasingly complicated by newly enacted (or more rigorously enforced) Federal regulations. These regulations were necessary largely because of the activities of non-scientists, but their provisions have had a tremendous impact on the activities of scientists (especially museum-based systematists and ecologists). Most mammalogists have expressed a willingness to comply with the regulations (although nearly all agree that administration of the permit system should be consolidated into a single office) if they can obtain …

Is Georgia On Their Minds?--Some Legal Aspects Of Investment And Trade By Foreign Business Enterprises, Gabriel M. Wilner, Terry K. Smith

Scholarly Works

This article will focus on the legal environment within the State in regard to foreign investment and trade. In making this survey it is also necessary to note briefly the full context in which foreign investment and trade is accomplished. The State cannot act or fail to act in areas dictated by the economic, political, and social philosophies held by its citizens. Likewise, the State cannot act in areas in which the Federal Government has acted pursuant to the United State Constitution. Among the areas in which the State is prohibited or preempted from acting are foreign affairs, especially in …

The Multinational Corporation And Foreign Investment, John Sparkman

Mercer Law Review

The invitation for me to author an article for the Lead Articles Edition of the Mercer Law Review suggests that we might examine the international impact on the United States of foreign trade and investment. This subject, of course, can be approached in many different ways. I have chosen to focus on the subjects of foreign investment and the multinational corporation as those two matters may have impact on the general subject. These are two subjects which I believe must be given very careful attention as we go forward in developing a position for the United States in changing world …

The Antitrust Implications Of The Arab Boycott, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note focuses on the legal means that can and should be used to challenge both the economic pressures exerted upon American companies and the subsequent participation by such companies in the boycott of Israel and blacklisted firms. The Note contends that, while "quiet diplomacy and persuasion" are perhaps the only means short of full-scale economic warfare available to the United States to eliminate completely Arab economic pressures and their coercive effects, the United States antitrust laws are sufficient to counteract many of the boycott's actual or potential manifestations. Specifically, the Note demonstrates that the Arab boycott and the discriminatory …

Cooperative Federalism In International Trade: Its Constitutional Parameters, Harold G. Maier

Mercer Law Review

Traditionally, governmental activity to encourage and facilitate export trade and to encourage direct investment in the United States by foreign entrepreneurs has been the responsibility of the national government, especially the Departments of State and Commerce. During the last five years, however, a significant and growing role is being played by the governments of the several states in developing their own programs and policies to stimulate international trade and investment. This activity includes not only the more traditional advertising of opportunities but the active on-the-spot solicitation of business opportunities abroad. This solicitation is carried on by direct contact between state …

State Government In International Trade, Richard J. Allen

Mercer Law Review

The aim of this article is to review an international trade program as conceived, planned, and conducted by a state government in the United States. The program example selected is that of the State of Georgia.

I. HISTORY OF THE PROGRAM

The current program of activities of the State of Georgia in the field of international trade was begun in 1971 under the leadership of Louis W. Truman, Lieutenant General (United States Army, Retired), who was then Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Community Development. This state department, in common with such departments in many states of the United States, …

The Expanding Role Of The United States International Trade Commission, Daniel Minchew

Mercer Law Review

The Trade Act of 19741 has changed markedly the powers and responsibilities of the United States International Trade Commission (Commission). The authority of the Commission, formerly known as the United States Tariff Commission (Tariff Commission), now extends well beyond the tariff area. This article will examine the growth of the Commission's authority and structure and, perhaps, provide some insight into its possible future development.

Current Problems Of Structuring Petrodollar Loans, Stuart R. Singer

Mercer Law Review

Rarely, if ever, have we seen a world in which trade has been carried out and investments made across national frontiers through the medium of freely available convertible currencies. The growth of multinational corporations on a large scale has, in the middle of the twentieth century, put the problem of transferability, convertibility, and financing to the forefront of the businessman's major problems. While it is true that the currencies of Western Europe and the other major trading partners of the United States are largely convertible for purposes of current account transactions, and while it is true that major banking groups …

Jurisdiction And Control Over The Multinational Enterprise: De Maximis Non Curat Lex, J. Shand Watson

Mercer Law Review

The current flurry in the legal literature caused by multinational enterprises is yet another indication that the existing systems of control in the domestic and international spheres are either stretched to their limits or else completely inadequate to their assigned tasks. Most writers indicate that the multinational enterprise (MNE),' however defined, is a strong force for good or evil and, consequently, must be subject to some degree of control; yet when that conclusion is discussed, the schools of thought that emerge are as numerous as the commentators.2 This article does not endeavor to provide answers to the current fetish, but …

The Burgeoning Development Of The Common Market Competition Rules And Its Impact On International Licensing, Marcus B. Finnegan

Mercer Law Review

Since formation of the European Economic Community (EEC), or the Common Market, by the Treaty of Rome of March 25, 1957, both licensors licensing into, and licensees licensing from, the EEC have had to concern themselves more and more with the effect of the Treaty articles on licensing into and out of the Common Market. The law of competition in the Community has been undergoing increasingly rapid development and refinement.

Not surprisingly, the emerging Community law governing competition has tended increasingly to model itself on the large and intricately developed body of antitrust law existing in the United States. Perhaps …

The Foreign Trade Aspects Of The Trade Act Of 1974, Part I, Robert M. Campbell

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Oil Producing Nations' Emerging Right To Determine Oil Prices, Sayed M. Hosni

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Joint Ventures Between United States Firms And Soviet Economic Organizations, Harold J. Berman

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Export Trade: The Law And Practice Of International Trade By Clive M. Schmitthoff, Peter J. Marcuss

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Trade Between The United States And The People's Republic Of China: Practice, Policy And Law, Stanley B. Lubman

Hong Yen Chang Center for Chinese Legal Studies

The author examines trade with the People's Republic of China, stressing Chinese commercial practice. He analyzes in detail aspects of negotiations, contracts and dispute-settlement which may be important to potential U.S. purchasers and sellers. The Article concludes with a survey of current problems of law and policy in Sino-U.S. trade.

Government And Private Enterprise In Latin American Petroleum Development, Frank M. Lacey

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The nationalization of the Venezuelan oil industry on January 1, 1976, can be viewed in a sense as a culmination of more than half a century of striving on the part of Latin American republics to become the masters of their own most important resources, one that has seemed at times symbolic of their very destinies. It is a process that has involved nearly every major country in Latin America. It is one that has been resisted by the prevailing economic, political, and legal institutions, and in the course of which not only major business enterprises but nations as well …

The International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes And Development Through The Multinational Corporation, C. F. Amerasinghe

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The multinational corporation (MNC) as a significant phenomenon in development economics has probably come to stay. The problem for developing countries is how to harness the MNC's power for their own development, and at the same time, limit its all-too-available capacity and potential for unlimited exploitation and influence. Clearly, as pointed out by the Report of the Group of Eminent Persons, there remains much to be done substantively through the medium of the international convention and international organization, both to promote the role of the MNC in development and to control its operations in such a way as to ensure …

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

A COMMENTARY ON THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT REVIEW ACT

By Graeme C. Hughes

Toronto: Carswell, Ltd., 1975. Pp. 214. $20.65.

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THE EXPORT TRADE: THE LAW AND PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE By Clive M. Schmitthoff

6th ed. London: Stevens & Sons,Ltd., 1975. Pp. 461. $28.75.

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FOREIGN DISINVESTMENT BY U.S. MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: WITH EIGHT CASE STUDIES

By Roger L. Tourneden

New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975. Pp. 157. $15.00.

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THE GATT LEGAL SYSTEM AND WORLD TRADE DIPLOMACY

By Robert E. Hudec

New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975. Pp. 399, $25.00.

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INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS--GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS

By Jack N. Behrman, J.J. Boddeayn, & Ashok …

The Steel Products Decision: An Inquiry Into The Treatment Of The Value-Added Tax Under The Countervailing Duty Law, Charles L. Chambers

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

It is not often that one small clause in a tariff act becomes a major issue between domestic producers and the firms which import competitive foreign goods, a major issue in trade talks between the United States and the European Community, and a bone of contention between the Congress and the Executive Branch. Yet, section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930 has done just that and no solution to the issues it has raised is in sight...

Section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930 is simple enough on its face. It imposes a countervailing duty on any goods …

Case Digest, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

1. ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE

Hickenlooper Amendment Inapplicable to Oil Drilling Concession Granted by Foreign Government

2. ADMIRALTY

Shipowner is Entitled to Indemnification from Tortfeasor when a Covenant of Workmanlike Performance by the Tortfeasor can Reasonably be Implied

Judicially-Created Maritime Wrongful Death Cause of Action Applies Retroactively as Exclusive Remedy Time-Charterer Not Entitled to Indemnification for Litigation Expenses when not Obligated to Provide Seaworthy Vessel

Claims within Scope of the Public Vessels Act Cannot be Brought under the Terms of the Suits in Admiralty Act

Lumber Employee Working on Saltwater Pond Held Not Engaged in Maritime Employment and Not Covered …

Obtaining Personal Jurisdiction Over Alien Corporations--A Survey Of U.S. Practice, John D. Gleissner, David C. Veeneman, S. Rodgers Wheaton

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

With the increase in international trade, civil litigation between persons of different nationalities has become increasingly important. Today alien and foreign corporations are being brought before American courts to defend actions arising out of products liability, contract, and tort. There is considerable authority holding alien and foreign corporations amenable to jurisdiction on the basis of a single act or business transaction. The states themselves are affecting international trade since state law is chosen to determine the amenability of alien and foreign corporations to suit in diversity actions in federal court.

This survey presents a cross-section of recent cases and attempts …

Case Digest, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

1. Admiralty

State Port Authority Acting Incident to Maritime Carriage Subject to Admiralty Jurisdiction in Damage Suit

MARINE INSURANCE PROVIDING COVERAGE OF LOSSES "ARISING FROM OR OCCURRING FROM" SPECIFIED CONDITIONS DOES NOT COVER LOSSES OCCURRING AFTER PERIOD OF COVERAGE DUE TO CONDITIONS WHICH INITIALLY AROSE DURING THE PERIOD OF COVERAGE

FEDERAL COURT LACKS POWER UNDER SUITS IN ADMIRALTY ACT TO IMPOSE GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY FOR HARM CAUSED BY FAILURE TO EXERCISE DISCRETIONARY FUNCTION

2. Alien's Rights

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP CAN BE SHOWN AS A MATTER OF FACT FOR IMMIGRATION PURPOSES WHERE APPLICABLE FOREIGN DOMESTIC LAW HOLDS MEANINGLESS THE CONCEPT OF LEGITIMACY

3. …

Oil Operations In Latin America: The Future Of Private Enterprise, Ewell E. Murphy, Jr.

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

We live in tumultuous times. Whether measured on a scale of millennia, of centuries, or of generations, our lifetime's segment of the graph of world history is marking giddy ascents, harrowing declines, and abrupt, unbridgeable discontinuities.

On a millennial scale we are entering the twilight of those five astounding centuries of Western leadership that began with the Renaissance. The flags of empire, long banished from the Americas, have now been struck in Asia and Africa as well, and flutter quaintly over only a dwindling handful of enclaves and outposts. Islam has awakened from her sleep of seven hundred years and …

Recent Decisions, John J. Curry, Jr., Dan T. Carter, Melissa Gallivan, James A. Delanis

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

ANTITRUST--Import Restrictions--Import Ban Ordered as Equitable Relief for Violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act Must Not Discriminate Against Foreign Producers or Reduce Competition

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European Communities--Restrictive Trade Practices--Patent Licensing Agreements that Restrict Competition between Member States Without Improving Production or Distribution or Promoting Technical or Economic Progress Violate Article 85

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JURISDICTION--CONTINENTAL SHELF--ABANDONED VESSEL SALVAGED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE UNITED STATES CONTINENTAL SHELF BEYOND TERRITORIAL WATERS IS NOT UNDER JURISDICTION OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

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IMMIGRATION--A STATE MAY PROHIBIT THE EMPLOYMENT OF ILLEGAL ALIENS

International Trade And Finance, Jagdish N. Bhagwati

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Tinbergen must hold a record in the number of Festschriften that have been written for him. His students and colleagues have reprinted his essays, as an interesting variation on the usual form of felicitation; and a volume of essays was presented by Bos in 1969. Now, Willy Sellekaerts has produced three volumes towards the same end! In a world of increasing output and diminishing time to read it, it is doubtful whether this Wicksellian phenomenon of exploding Festschriften for a single scientist should be applauded, regarded with amusement, or deplored! Does not the law of diminishing marginal utility apply …

Federal Energy Administration V. Algonquin Sng, Inc., Lewis F. Powell, Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

International Trade Institutions And Techniques For Reform, Gabriel M. Wilner

Scholarly Works

The tensions which exist between the need of producers of primary products to obtain a reasonable price and the need of the industrial consumers to be assured of sufficient amounts of primary products must be brought under control through institutions and legal rules that will reshape confrontation into negotiation and then, perhaps, even into cooperation. Only international planning within the framework of generally acceptable rules and institutions will bring about the type of stability that will largely depoliticize international economic relations.

Yoshida International, Inc. V. United States: Was The 1971 Import Surcharge Legally Imposed?, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

On August 15, 1971, President Nixon announced the imposition of a ten per cent ad valorem surcharge on all dutiable imports. According to the President, the surcharge was necessary because an overvaluation of United States currency had created a situation in which United States imports were increasing faster than exports, contributing to a balance of payments deficit.

To correct the overvaluation, the President could have unilaterally devalued the dollar, thus effecting a realignment of exchange rates. However, there was some concern that such an action by the United States would lead to similar devaluations by other countries, thereby negating any …

The Andean Group's Program For Industrial Development Of The Metalworking Sector: Integration With Due And Deliberate Spid, D. B. Furnish, W. F. Atkin

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Foreign Corporations Lending Money In Illinois: Constitutional And Statutory Problems, 9 J. Marshall J. Prac. & Proc. 295 (1975), Robert Kratovil, Daniel A. Weiler

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.