International Trade Law Commons^™

The Principle Of Sustainable Development In International Investment Law: A Study From Vietnamese Perspective, Long Tran Thang, Anh Le Tram Pham

Indonesia Law Review

International investment significantly contributes to economic development by fostering hunger eradication, poverty reduction, job creation, and the introduction of new technologies and services. However, it also presents challenges, including resource degradation, environmental decline, waste generation, and human rights violations. This article emphasizes integrating sustainable development principles into international investment law to balance investor and host country interests while safeguarding the environment and human rights for long-term sustainability. In Vietnam, a nation increasingly integrated into the global economy, legal frameworks stipulate sustainable development principles for foreign-invested projects, aligning with international standards to protect the environment and people alongside economic and social …

Maine’S Arctic Future: Balancing Economic Opportunity, Geopolitical Risk, And Legal Responsibility, Emily Elmore

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

This Paper explores the dynamic intersection of climate change, geopolitical strategy, and economic development in the rapidly changing Arctic landscape, focusing on existing legal paradigms and Maine’s unique position as a pivotal player in this context. Maine, with its historic ties to the Arctic, scientific partnerships, and strategic location as the northernmost port on the United States East Coast, is well-placed to capitalize on emerging economic opportunities. However, these opportunities are accompanied by substantial risks, including climate change impacts, operational challenges in the harsh Arctic environment, and geopolitical tensions among rival states vying for influence in the region. This Paper …

Analysis Of The Agenda For Sccr 46, Pijip

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

Protection of Broadcasting Organizations

The central question for the Broadcasting Treaty, in line with the 2007 General Assembly Mandate, is whether there is sufficient “agreement on objectives, specific scope and object of protection” to warrant a recommendation for a diplomatic conference. (WO/GA/34/16). The 2006 GA mandated that the Broadcasting Treaty be “confined to the protection of broadcasting and cablecasting organizations in the traditional sense” and “based on a signal-based approach” (WO/GA/33/10, para 107, 2006).

The SCCR 45 Chair’s Summary states:“[w]ith respect to objectives, there is common understanding … that the treaty should be narrowly focused on …

Documentary History Of The Broadcast Treaty In The Sccr (Global Version), Luca Schirru, Lokesh Vyas, Haddija Jawara, Lukas Ruthes Gonçalves, Katie Mcgee, Yara Misto, Sean Michael Fiil Flynn

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

The objective of this study is to systematically map all meetings of the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) and the General Assemblies (GA) of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to extract, compile, and organize all relevant statements made Member States regarding the proposed Broadcasting Treaty.

The analysis was based on publicly available data from the WIPO website, particularly the official pages dedicated to each SCCR and GA meeting. Our primary focus was on statements recorded in the official "Report" document of each session. When available, we also examined supplementary documents, such as the "Summary by the …

Adopting Permissioned Blockchain Models To Enhance Consumer Protection And Comply With Consumer Protection Laws, Erika Buenrostro

Featured Student Work

Blockchain technology enables decentralized, peer-to-peer transactions and data management, offering transparency while raising data privacy and consumer protection concerns. As the current administration promotes blockchain adoption, including cryptocurrency, more users and businesses will likely integrate the technology. This thesis provides a framework to help businesses adopt blockchain while ensuring compliance with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). To prevent data mishandling and legal penalties, consumers and businesses must stay informed about the risks and evolving state privacy laws.

A CCPA-compliant approach retains blockchain’s benefits through a permissioned model, storing only non-personal (neutral) data on-chain while keeping personal information off-chain in …

Objectives And Principles For An Instrument On Limitations And Exceptions: Relevant Excerpts And Proposals, Sean Flynn, Luca Schirru

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

The Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) has been mandated by the 2012 General Assembly to work toward “an appropriate international legal instrument or instruments (whether through model law, joint recommendation, treaty, and/or other forms)”. In SCCR 43, the Committee adopted a Work Program (SCCR/43/8) to draft “objectives, principles, and options” for potential instruments. With the goal of facilitating the discussion within the Committee and the design of principles and objectives, our research team systematically gathered and organized relevant excerpts from a variety of sources including existing treaties, laws, SCCR documents, academic contributions, and civil society proposals. This document …

French Connection: Expanding Legal Protections For Fashion Design In The United States, Mairead Rose Tuttle

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Monopoly In The Stars: Analyzing The International Laws Hindering Property Rights In The Cosmic Frontier From Passing Go, Terrance Parham

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Human Trafficking In The Digital Era: Freedom Of Speech Versus Freedom From Exploitation, Hannah Katz

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Is There A Duty To Use Lethal Autonomous Weapons? How Ai Will Change Warfare And The International Order, Bryan Hance

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Debunking Sovereignty In Cyberspace, Benjamin W. Haight

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

The Evolving Nature Of Economic Integration, Panagiotis Delimatsis

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Analysis Of Esg Reporting In Nigeria And Other African Countries, Victoria Agbakwuru

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Foreword

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Dedication

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Access To Scholarly Publications In The Global North And The Global South—Copyright And The Need For A Paradigm Shift Under The Right To Science, Klaus Beiter

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

This paper assesses the deficits of copyright law for digital science, and potential solutions thereto, in the light of the right of everyone “to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications” (“REBSPA” or “right to science”), as protected in Article 15(1)(b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966. While, in the shorter term, existing copyright law needs to undergo certain reforms (which would all be supported by the REBSPA) to accommodate the needs of science, in the longer term, the right to science, thus the argument here, requires something else – much more, …

The Allure Of Trade And Sustainable Development Chapters, Jeesae Kim

Michigan Journal of International Law

Beginning in 2011, the European Union (“EU”) began to include independent Trade and Sustainable Development (“TSD”) chapters in its trade agreements. These chapters seek to protect international labor standards, environmental laws, and corporate social responsibility practices within the scope of the EU’s trade agreements. Trading states that sign onto TSD chapters are meant to engage in ongoing dialogue regarding the substantive commitments outlined in the chapters. If one of the states fails to uphold its substantive commitments, the other state may invoke a unique enforcement mechanism contained within TSD chapters. But unlike arbitration proceedings for non-TSD trade disputes, the TSD …

Economic Sanctions As Legal Ordering, J. Benton Heath

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article recovers a critical episode in the history of economic sanctions and considers its implications for international legal order. Beginning in 1905, a group of Chinese citizens launched a series of protests targeting American, British, and Japanese goods. These boycotts caused economic damage, disrupted international relations, and at times won significant political victories. At the same time, they captured the imaginations of peace advocates, lawyers, and scholars, who saw in the boycotts either a fundamental threat to legal ordering, a promising avenue for enforcing interstate peace, or, most radically, an engine for new kinds of political organization outside the …

Revisiting Reasonable Cybersecurity, Jeffrey L. Vagle

Cardozo Law Review

Prospective theories of cybersecurity liability have traveled over some well-worn paths over the past three decades, resulting in some successes, but also in at least as many cul-de-sacs and dead ends. Part of this problem can be found in the difficulty and complexity of the subject itself. Courts, legislators, and regulators all face comprehension difficulties when they attempt to fit our existing legal system around cybersecurity, often resulting in half-measures and generalized solutions that are challenging to apply to the widely different technical details behind each case. And in the background, we have a general reluctance to create legal regimes …

The Agility Paradigm: Rethinking Regulatory Policy Commitments In Free Trade Agreements, Stefanie Schacherer

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In an era marked by rapid technological advancement and an intensifying imperative for sustainability, the concept of agile regulation has emerged as a new paradigm in regulatory governance. Agile regulation champions a flexible approach essential for regulatory frameworks to evolve alongside changing circumstances. International regulatory cooperation is of importance in fostering knowledge sharing and evidence dissemination between states while mitigating regulatory disparities that stifle crossborder innovation, impede collective action against shared risks, and increase trade costs. Against this backdrop, the article delves into the role of free trade agreements (FTAs) in advancing the agile regulation agenda. It discusses how FTAs …

Managing The Trade-Climate Policy Interface Through Open Plurilateral Agreements: Learning From The Eu Deforestation Regulation Experience, Bernard M. Hoekman, Charles F. Sabel

Faculty Scholarship

Trade policies motivated by security or commercial interests are increasingly complemented by trade measures that seek to induce foreign producers to green their production processes. A prominent example is the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Such unilateral measures are unlikely to be efficient, and at the limit may simply be ineffective. In this paper we use the EUDR experience to make the case for countries seeking to use trade policies to negotiate jointly defined approaches to achieve nontrade goals. We consider the scope for doing so in the framework of trade agreements and through stand-alone, issue-specific open plurilateral agreements (OPAs). We …

'Reciprocal' Tariffs: What's In A Word, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

On 13 February 2025, President Trump released a memorandum announcing his intention to impose “reciprocal tariffs” under the Fair and Reciprocal Plan (FRP). The plan does not operate under a reasonable definition of reciprocity, is illegal under World Trade Organisation (WTO) law, would damage both the United States and its trading partners and could trigger reactions that would bring an end to the international trading system as we know it.

From Cptpp To Us–Taiwan Initiative On 21st-Century Trade: The Evolution Of Good Regulatory Practices And Its Implications For Taiwan, Han-Wei Liu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This paper examines the evolution and implications of Good Regulatory Practices (GRP) – otherwise known as ‘regulatory coherence’ in international trade agreements, focusing on the US-Taiwan Initiative on twenty-first-Century Trade. By comparing GRP frameworks in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), and the US–Taiwan Initiative, the paper highlights the challenges of integrating GRP into Taiwan’s legal system. The analysis reveals significant disparities between GRP requirements and Taiwan’s existing Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in key areas such as public consultation, regulatory impact assessments (RIAs), and sunset review mechanisms. The paper also explores potential …

Louboutin Lawfare: Exploring Conceptions Of Sanctions' Utility Through Export Controls On Luxury Goods, Vinita R. Singh

Northwestern University Law Review

There is widespread consensus amongst scholars that sanctions—the deliberate withdrawal of customary trade and financial relations—do not work. Despite this perception, states are deploying sanctions at an increasing rate. This Article explains this paradox by arguing the predominant notion of sanctions’ utility employed by scholars is unduly constrained, narrowly focusing on the ability of such measures to modify the behavior of sanctioned parties while disregarding the alternative benefits this instrument can deliver. To support this argument, this Article uses export controls on luxury goods deployed in connection with the Russo–Ukraine War as a case study. Under prevailing perceptions of sanctions’ …

Voting Matters: Materiality Considerations And The Shareholder Vote, Renee M. Jones

Seattle University Law Review

For the shareholder franchise to have meaning, shareholders must have access to relevant information to inform their voting decisions. The securities laws’ disclosure requirements play an essential role in informing the shareholder vote.

This Essay focuses on the question of the materiality of information in the context of shareholder voting. It addresses the question of whether ESG-related information is material, positioning the materiality inquiry within the context of shareholders’ voting decisions. It explores the definition of materiality with a focus on the “reasonable investor” concept embedded within the definition. The Essay argues that the implicit expectations of many commentators that …

(D)Evolution Of International Commercial Arbitration In Mexico, Edwin N. Á. Román

Arbitration Brief

The 1990s were a time of vibrant international rulemaking in the field of international economic law, during which Mexico transformed from a closed to an open economy. In 1993, Mexico adopted the 1985 UNICITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. In 2011, Mexico amended its commercial code by introducing a specific proceeding to enforce and set aside arbitration awards titled “Juicio Especial sobre Transacciones Comerciales y Arbitraje.” Alongside these amendments, Mexico became an internationally relevant jurisdiction for the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. This article analyzes the evolution of the Mexican Supreme Court of Justice’s jurisprudence concerning international …

Third-Party Funding In Treaty-Based Arbitration: Towards A More Transparent And Responsible System?, Margie-Lys Jaime R.

Arbitration Brief

Third-Party Funding (“TPF”) has become the “new kid on the block” of long-established stakeholders in international arbitration. However, despite the increasing use of TPF, few countries have undertaken the task of regulating the intervention of funders. Even in countries where the practice of TPF is regulated, it is generally in codes of conduct or non-binding instruments.

The Climate-Arbitration Nexus: How Legitimate Expectations Shape Investor Claims In A Decarbonizing World, M. Uzeyir Karabiyik

American University International Law Review

The global push for climate change mitigation, particularly through renewable energy promotion and fossil fuel phase-out, has sparked a surge in investor-state arbitrations. At the heart of these arbitrations lies the concept of “legitimate expectations,” which is considered by arbitral tribunals as a cornerstone of the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard. This Article conducts a comprehensive analysis of diverse approaches adopted by arbitral tribunals in interpreting legitimate expectations in the context of climate action. It then delves into specific interpretations of this concept within two categories: disputes related to states’ renewable energy promotion policies and those that stem from …

The United States’ Strengthened National Security Review Of Chinese Investment: Implications From The Tech War, Charles C. Wang, Ulia Liu, Holden H. Dong

American University International Law Review

In recent years, the national security review system of United States (U.S.) foreign investment has entered into a period of intensified scrutiny of Chinese investment. This article analyzes the latest development of the U.S. foreign investment national security review system after the enactment of the 2018 Foreign Investment Risk Review and Modernization Act (FIRRMA) and relevant Executive Orders. The U.S. review of Chinese investment has been greatly strengthened in terms of the expanded scope of review in high-tech areas and prolonged and unpredictable review time. China has become the primary target of the U.S. national security review, especially in the …