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Articles 5911 - 5940 of 6478

Full-Text Articles in International Trade Law

In The Wake Of The Pipeline Embargo: European-United States Dialogue, Sarah J. Cogswell Apr 1984

In The Wake Of The Pipeline Embargo: European-United States Dialogue, Sarah J. Cogswell

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.


Congress, The Executive Branch, And Special Interests: The American Response To The Arab Boycott Of Israel, Michigan Law Review Feb 1984

Congress, The Executive Branch, And Special Interests: The American Response To The Arab Boycott Of Israel, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Congress, The Executive Branch, and Special Interests: The American Response to the Arab Boycott of Israel by Kennan L. Teslik


The Large Civil Aircraft Industry: Applying Legal Policy-Making Tools To Accommodate A Changing Industry, Dennis G. Terez Jan 1984

The Large Civil Aircraft Industry: Applying Legal Policy-Making Tools To Accommodate A Changing Industry, Dennis G. Terez

Michigan Journal of International Law

This note first examines the emergence of Airbus Industrie (Al or Airbus) and identifies some of the legal and policy instruments which the European governments have employed to make Al a successful competitor. After a brief discussion of the growing difficulties with subsidy policies, the note considers European Community legislation for a common European industrial policy and the creation of a European Export Bank as possible alternative solutions for maintaining Al's competitiveness. The note finally argues that international industrial agreements are necessary legal tools for effective regulation of the manufacture and sale of large civil aircraft. International agreements currently in …


Private Leased Telecommunication Lines: Threats To Continued International Availabliltiy, Jill L. Martin Jan 1984

Private Leased Telecommunication Lines: Threats To Continued International Availabliltiy, Jill L. Martin

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article examines both actual and proposed actions by Japanese and European telecommunications authorities, known as Ministries of Post, Telephone, and Telegraph (PTTs), to restrict private leased line availability, and then explores the possibility that these actions presage the total elimination of private leased lines. It concludes that unless the United States government adopts a unified and reasonable policy opposing the escalation of regulations and restrictions, their deleterious effects will become more severe.


Export Trade Certificates Of Review: Will Efficacy Be Permitted?, John A. Maher, Nancy J. Lamont Jan 1984

Export Trade Certificates Of Review: Will Efficacy Be Permitted?, John A. Maher, Nancy J. Lamont

Penn State International Law Review (1982 - 2011)

A vital concept explicit in the Export Trading Company Act (ETCA) and implicit in its Title III is that the time has come for American export cartelism. This is in response to a world in which international trading does not routinely honor the competition principles to which the United States ordinarliy adheres. Despite various successful and unsuccessful attempts, it is not America's job to reform the world. It is foolish to expect American companies to compete in world markets on terms other than those which govern their competitors.


Exports, Banking And Antitrust: The Export Trading Company Act: A Modest Tool For Export Promotion, George E. Garvey Jan 1984

Exports, Banking And Antitrust: The Export Trading Company Act: A Modest Tool For Export Promotion, George E. Garvey

Scholarly Articles

After discussing briefly some of the statute's economic implications and limitations, this article will analyze the more significant provisions of the Export Trading Company Act. The Act only recently has been implemented so there is insufficient experience or empirical basis for critiquing the performance of the enforcement agencies. It is not premature, however, to suggest that all administrative and enforcement policies should foster a limited role for government in the operation of export markets. Therefore, regulators empowered to exempt firms from potential antitrust liability should recognize the dual problems inherent in their regulatory activities: They must not impede the efficient …


Restrictions On Trade In Communication And Information Services, Geza Feketekuty, Jonathan David Aronson Jan 1984

Restrictions On Trade In Communication And Information Services, Geza Feketekuty, Jonathan David Aronson

Michigan Journal of International Law

Section one highlights some of the changes that the revolution in information exchange is producing. It also argues that transborder data flows could help facilitate international economic adjustment. Section two analyzes the types of reasons used to justify policy measures that inhibit the integration of the world communication network or prevent information from flowing across national borders. It also discusses the implication of restrictions on transborder data flows for the world trading system and for world economic growth. The final section discusses strategies for halting the proliferation of barriers to trade in communication and information services and for reducing existing …


The United States Specialty Steel Industry, Michael H. Leb Jan 1984

The United States Specialty Steel Industry, Michael H. Leb

Michigan Journal of International Law

Part I of this note briefly describes the problems of the specialty steel industry and traces the attempts to deal with those problems from 1968 through the imposition of the relief measures which spawned the current negotiations. After discussing the trade history of the specialty steel industry, the note examines the effectiveness of two domestic import relief statutes through which the government has attempted to assist the industry. The note then analyzes U.S. attempts to aid the specialty steel industry through measures which violate the fundamental principles of the GATT system. The note concludes that since the GATT system cannot …


Annotated Bibliography, Michigan Journal Of International Law Jan 1984

Annotated Bibliography, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

For the convenience of our readers, the Michigan Yearbook of International Legal Studies publishes a bibliography of current research in the field. This bibliography is not intended to be comprehensive. Rather, its aim is to guide the reader who wishes to undertake further research.


The Euro-Siberian Gas Pipeline Dispute - A Compelling Case For The Adoption Of Jurisdictional Codes Of Conduct, Patrizio Merciai Jan 1984

The Euro-Siberian Gas Pipeline Dispute - A Compelling Case For The Adoption Of Jurisdictional Codes Of Conduct, Patrizio Merciai

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


The Gatt-Mtn System And The European Community As International Frameworks For The Regulation Of Economic Activity: The Removal Of Barriers To Trade In Government Procurement, Mark L. Jones Jan 1984

The Gatt-Mtn System And The European Community As International Frameworks For The Regulation Of Economic Activity: The Removal Of Barriers To Trade In Government Procurement, Mark L. Jones

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


The Unctad Liner Code: United States Maritime Policy At The Crossroads, By Lawrence Juda, Bernard M. Collins Jan 1984

The Unctad Liner Code: United States Maritime Policy At The Crossroads, By Lawrence Juda, Bernard M. Collins

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Protective Orders And Exclusion Of Corporate Counsel From Access To Confidential Information, Joel R. Junker Jan 1984

Protective Orders And Exclusion Of Corporate Counsel From Access To Confidential Information, Joel R. Junker

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


An Escape For The Escape Clause Veto?, Mira Davidovski Jan 1984

An Escape For The Escape Clause Veto?, Mira Davidovski

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Legal Aspects Of Selling And Buying, By Phillip F. Zeidman, Louis R. Baker Jan 1984

Legal Aspects Of Selling And Buying, By Phillip F. Zeidman, Louis R. Baker

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Dresser Industries: The Failure Of Foreign Policy Trade Controls Under The Export Administration Act, Arthur E. Appleton Jan 1984

Dresser Industries: The Failure Of Foreign Policy Trade Controls Under The Export Administration Act, Arthur E. Appleton

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Soviet Reaction To The U.S. Pipeline Embargo: The Impact On Future Soviet Economic Relations With The West, Marshall L. Brown Jr. Jan 1984

Soviet Reaction To The U.S. Pipeline Embargo: The Impact On Future Soviet Economic Relations With The West, Marshall L. Brown Jr.

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Legal Aspects Of Offshore Banking In Taiwan, Ya-Huei Chen Jan 1984

Legal Aspects Of Offshore Banking In Taiwan, Ya-Huei Chen

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Foreign Investment Laws In Developing Countries, Jane E. Cross Jan 1984

Foreign Investment Laws In Developing Countries, Jane E. Cross

Michigan Journal of International Law

Rather than extensively analyzing the various laws of Argentina, Mexico, and Nigeria that are specifically designed to encourage foreign investment, this note endeavors to explain how the laws of these countries that have as the primary function the monitoring and restricting of foreign investment activity are able to refrain from severely discouraging the foreign investment needed to promote industrialization. The tendency of LDCs to liberalize their restrictive foreign investment laws over the last few years demonstrates the growing importance of minimizing the adverse impact of legal constraints on foreign capital investment.


Fraud And Injunctive Relief In International Standby Letter Of Credit Transactions: A Comparative Study, Dirk H. Mahler Jan 1984

Fraud And Injunctive Relief In International Standby Letter Of Credit Transactions: A Comparative Study, Dirk H. Mahler

LLM Theses and Essays

This study attempts to compare the various concepts which have been developed under U.S. and German law, focusing in particular the interpretation of fraud and the prerequisites for injunctive relief. Comparative analysis of case law, statutory provisions and corresponding commentaries will illustrate that although evolved out of different legal backgrounds the results show only minor deviations, a phenomenon which might support the hypothesis that instruments developed by practitioners to serve international commercial needs tend to give birth to uniform internationalized legal treatment.


The Council Of Europe Convention Of The Oecd Guidelines On Data Protection, Jon Bing Jan 1984

The Council Of Europe Convention Of The Oecd Guidelines On Data Protection, Jon Bing

Michigan Journal of International Law

The first international legal instruments to be adopted were two Council of Europe resolutions in 1973 and 1974, the first on "the protection of the privacy of individuals vis-A-vis electronic data banks in the private sector," 9 and the second on "the protection of the privacy of individuals vis-A-vis electronic data banks in the public sector." This article will describe and compare the rules of data protection as they emerge in the instruments. Although this will require some assessment, the main objective will be to explain and amplify.


Building The Case For Industrial Strategy, David E, Bonior Jan 1984

Building The Case For Industrial Strategy, David E, Bonior

Michigan Journal of International Law

The argument for an industrial strategy begins with the failures of present policies. The indictment is not concerned with the relative simplicity or elegance of competing economic theories but with actual results in the world marketplace. The case for an industrial strategy is not primarily about compassion, or about full employment, or even about economic growth. While we desperately need a compassionate economic policy, full employment, and sustained economic growth, these are goals. The industrial policy debate is not a debate about goals, but means. The argument rests on the premise that the old means must be changed because the …


A New Export Policy: The Foreign Sales Corporation And State Unitary Taxation Of Foreign Source Income, Reed D. Rubinstein Jan 1984

A New Export Policy: The Foreign Sales Corporation And State Unitary Taxation Of Foreign Source Income, Reed D. Rubinstein

Michigan Journal of International Law

Part I of this note will examine the structure of the FSC, and analyze its potential benefits in light of the Domestic International Sales Corporation (DISC) tax incentive. Part II discusses the use of the unitary tax as a disincentive to direct foreign investment by U.S. corporations. Finally, Part III outlines the new export policy based upon a combination of the FSC export incentive and state unitary taxation of foreign-source income. If implemented, this policy would increase export production and discourage direct foreign investment, thereby making a substantial contribution to U.S. economic well-being.


Aspects Of The European Community's Industrial Policy, Laurence W. Gormley, J. F. Marchipont Jan 1984

Aspects Of The European Community's Industrial Policy, Laurence W. Gormley, J. F. Marchipont

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article does not provide an exhaustive description of all aspects of the European Community's industrial policy, but instead analyzes its foundations and its objectives and the relative importance of the various means of attaining these objectives. This approach demonstrates the difference between the power and aims of industrial institutions in the Community and the power and aims of industrial institutions in the individual European states and in the major competitor countries of the Community, the United States, and Japan.


The Role Of Planning Contracts In The Conduct Of French Industrial Policy, Saul Estrin, Peter M. Holmes Jan 1984

The Role Of Planning Contracts In The Conduct Of French Industrial Policy, Saul Estrin, Peter M. Holmes

Michigan Journal of International Law

The French have a long history of state economic planning, of comprehensive industrial policy, and of contractualised relations between the state and firms, though the links between them have not always been close. In the following section we review the relevant history of French planning and industrial policy. We focus in the second section on the development of contractual relations between corporations and the state in postwar France until the Socialists took office in 1981. In the third section we discuss recent developments, and we conclude with a theoretical appraisal of the experience.


Whither The Future Of Japanese Industrial Development Policies?, Merit E. Janow Jan 1984

Whither The Future Of Japanese Industrial Development Policies?, Merit E. Janow

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article describes past and present Japanese industrial policies. After discussing the evolution of Japanese industrial policies generally, it addresses the specific instruments of those policies including those intended to assist declining industries as well as those intended to promote the development of new industries. Finally, this article suggests that government guidance of Japan's industrial sector has decreased and is likely to decrease further still in the future.


Canada's Foreign Investment Review Act And The Problem Of Industrial Policy, James M. Spence Q.C. Jan 1984

Canada's Foreign Investment Review Act And The Problem Of Industrial Policy, James M. Spence Q.C.

Michigan Journal of International Law

The purpose of this article is to consider the Foreign Investment Review Act (FIRA or the Act) of Canada in the context of the continuing discussion in North America of the concept of "industrial policy." The particular version of industrial policy of interest for this purpose is the concept which involves interventionist activity by the government designed to affect directly the economic activity of an industry, company, or plant. The first part of the article briefly describes the background and operation of FIRA. The second part comments on the concept of interventionist industrial policy as it has developed in Canada. …


Investment Incentives And Guarantees In The Republic Of China, The Republic Of Korea, Thailand, And The People's Republic Of China, Barbara J. Martin Jan 1984

Investment Incentives And Guarantees In The Republic Of China, The Republic Of Korea, Thailand, And The People's Republic Of China, Barbara J. Martin

Michigan Journal of International Law

This note will focus on direct investment in four countries in Southeast Asia: the Republic of China (ROC), the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea), Thailand, and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Despite similar goals, these four countries differ significantly in their treatment of foreign investors.


Enterprise Zones As Tools Of Urban Industrial Policy, Benedicte E. F. Mathijsen Jan 1984

Enterprise Zones As Tools Of Urban Industrial Policy, Benedicte E. F. Mathijsen

Michigan Journal of International Law

This note examines the operation of the enterprise zone program in the United Kingdom and considers the program's implications for the United States (U.S.), which also suffers from urban industrial decay and which has now begun studying proposals for an enterprise zone program of its own. The note concludes that, based on the limited data available thus far, the enterprise zone program alone is inadequate to lure industry back to depressed areas. The success of the enterprise zones depends in large measure upon parallel government programs, suggesting that the zones cannot be viewed as potential replacements of existing government aid …


The Experience Of The Automotive Industry In Industrial Policies Of Selected Governments, Thomas R. Atkinson, Susan G. Ezrati, James J. Flynn Jan 1984

The Experience Of The Automotive Industry In Industrial Policies Of Selected Governments, Thomas R. Atkinson, Susan G. Ezrati, James J. Flynn

Michigan Journal of International Law

We shall not define precisely industrial policy other than to note that the cases we intend to examine involve some form of general, integrated, economic policy that, among other things, includes industry-specific measures that have had direct or indirect consequences for other countries through trade or investment links. Many other characteristics, including program integration; abridgment of private business governance, perhaps involving varying degrees of compulsion or subsidy; non-market incentives; and subordination of the market mechanism, may or may not be present in the industrial policies discussed. Very often specific protection of favored industries is a major instrument of industrial policy; …