International Trade Law Commons^™

The United States Export Control Laws And Regulations, Minzhi He

LLM Theses and Essays

The current system of United States export controls began with the Export Control Act of 1949. Following World War II, Congress passed this legislation to establish a strategic embargo against communist nations in an attempt to control trade to further the national security and foreign policy interests of the West. In 1969, Congress reformed the export control laws by passing the Export Administration Act of 1969 – which contained no inherent limits. However, the increasing tension between the U.S. business interests and the national security and foreign policy interests made Congress once again alter the legislation and the Export Administration …

Non-Conforming Tender And Attempt At Cure: A Comparative Study Of The Uniform Code And The United Nations Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Wei Mou

LLM Theses and Essays

The seller’s right to cure in case of a breach is an area of significance in domestic as well as international sales. In resolving conflict between trading parties due to the breach, the seller’s cure of the non-conforming tenders is generally recognized as the most effective and economically sound measure to avoid litigation costs, minimize damages, and time waste, and most importantly, achieve respective contractual purposes of the parties. This thesis will attempt to illustrate significant differences between CISG and U.C.C. as to basic policies governing of contract, remedies available to the buyer in response to the seller’s breach, and …

Non-Conforming Tender And Attempt At Cure: A Comparative Study Of The Uniform Code And The United Nations Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Wei Mou

LLM Theses and Essays

The seller’s right to cure in case of a breach is an area of significance in domestic as well as international sales. In resolving conflict between trading parties due to the breach, the seller’s cure of the non-conforming tenders is generally recognized as the most effective and economically sound measure to avoid litigation costs, minimize damages, and time waste, and most importantly, achieve respective contractual purposes of the parties. This thesis will attempt to illustrate significant differences between CISG and U.C.C. as to basic policies governing of contract, remedies available to the buyer in response to the seller’s breach, and …

Comparative Analysis Of Concurrent Powers In The United States And In The European Community, Sandrine N. Darrouzet

LLM Theses and Essays

This thesis investigates the internal concurrent powers through tax and trade of the European Union with a comparative analysis to the American system and decision-making process.  The thesis starts with an analysis of the roots of concurrent powers in the United States and in Europe. Then, with the subjects of tax and trade, it will determine the nature of concurrent powers. The final part examines the possible solutions to limit the scope of concurrent powers. The thesis also includes a special analysis of Article 3B of the Treaty on European Union which focuses on limits of power conferred upon the …

Sectoral Strategies And Participant Commitments: The Keys To Effective Trade And Industrial Policies, Robert E. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

The declining competitiveness of the U.S. manufacturing sector of the most important causes of the decline in real wages and the stagnation in the level of the median family incomes which have plagued the United States since about 1973. Although the reports of the decline in American living standards were greeted with some skepticism when they first appeared in the work of the Economic Policy Institute ("EPI") in 1985, they have now achieved a high level of prominence on the national policy agenda. More recent studies by EPI and other research groups urge two cures for the decline. First, employment …

Beyond The Historical Lines Of Demarcation: Competition Law, Intellectual Property Rights, And International Trade After The Gatt's Uruguay Round, J. H. Reichman

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Challenges To The Doctrine Of Free Trade, Jagdish N. Bhagwati

Faculty Scholarship

The doctrine of free trade is facing new challenges today. As one surveys the policy arena, questions are raised about free trade by those who worry about Japan (and today this includes many more than the "revisionists") and who argue that free trade with Japan is not gainful. Several environmentalists as well oppose free trade with passion. These concerns relate to what now is called the absence of "level playing fields": "fair trade" as a precondition of free trade is the battle cry.

There is also the fear that free trade, even if efficient, hurts the unskilled and thus immiserizes …

Foreign Duty: Export Control Goes Private, Anne Proffitt Dupre

Scholarly Works

If you're an exporter, it pays to be a know-it-all these days.

Does there appear to be even a slight potential that the item you're shipping could play any part at all in modern weaponry? then you need to know exactly how that item will or may be used. You also may need to know who will ultimately use it, and where.

If you're a lawyer advising either that exporter or a supporting financial institution, you, too, now need an extra measure of vigilance. For one thing, it helps to know how to write loan documents with the necessary safeguards …

Keiretsu: Their Effect On Business And How American Government And Business Can Confront Them, Jonathan E. Johnson Iii

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Corporate Tax Reform: The Key To International Competitiveness, Ann L. Hardman

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Note responds to "Integration of the Individual and Corporate Tax Systems: Taxing Business Income Once," a study the United States Department of the Treasury released on January 6, 1992. This Note explores some of the issues and concerns of integration and considers arguments in support of and against the United States system of taxation. The latter portion of this Note addresses the relationship between international economics and integration, focusing on the potential for international competitive disadvantage under the classical tax system. The author concludes that Congress should read the Treasury's study as a legislative proposal and act upon it …

Parent Corporate Liability For Hazardous Substance Release From On-Shore Facilities In The International Market: Legal Approaches Of The United States, The European Community And Germany, Alicia Stone

In the Public Interest

No abstract provided.

International Trade And The Environment: Interdependent Goals Or Irreconcilable Conflict? Introduction

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

World Trade Rules And Environmental Policies: Congruence Or Conflict?, John H. Jackson

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Resolving The Trade And Environment Debate: In Search Of A Neutral Forum And Neutral Principles, Patti A. Goldman

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Appointments Clause Problems In The Dispute Resolution Provisions Of The United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement, Alan B. Morrison

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Appointments Clause And International Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: A False Conflict, Wiliam J. Davey

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

International Trade And Environment: Lessons From The Federal Experience, Richard B. Stewart

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Kantian Approach To Trade And The Environment, Robert F. Housman

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Need For An International Dispute Panel: Position, Consensus And Interdependent Goals, Gray C. Castle

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reconciling International Trade With Preservation Of The Global Commons: Can We Prosper And Protect?, Jeffrey L. Dunoff

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Appointments With Disaster: The Unconstitutionality Of Binational Arbitral Review Under The United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement, Jim C. Chen

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Environment And Trade Measures After The Tuna/Dolphin Decision, Frederic L. Kirgis, Jr.

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Can Buckley Clear Customs?, Harold H. Bruff

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The International Trade Regime And The Municipal Law Of Federal States: How Close A Fit?, David A. Wirth

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Essay: Trade And Investment Opportunities In Brazil - A Brazilian Perspective, The Honorable Ciro Ferreira Gomes

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Capital V. Labor: Who Wins And Who Loses Under The Immigration Act Of 1990?, Brian Adler, Beth Jarrett

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Section 301 And U.S. Trade Law: The Limited Impact Of The 1988 Omnibus Trade And Competitiveness Act On American Obligations Under Gatt, Josh Schein

Washington International Law Journal

In 1988, President Reagan signed the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act (OTCA), a broad set of trade laws overlying a sizable preexisting legal framework which included Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.1 The OTCA changed some U.S. trade law provisions while leaving other areas undisturbed. Foreign trading partners reacted sharply to the passage and implementation of the OTCA, arguing that it conflicted with American obligations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Although no trading partner has formally challenged the OTCA under GATT thus far, the potential for conflict exists. This Comment will briefly summarize GATT …

Book Review: The Law And Regulation Of International Finance, Ian F.G. Baxter

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Law of International Finance, as its opening states, revolves around "the law and regulation affecting the raising of finance in the international financial markets." Thus, the book is about a very specialized area of finance and law-an area that has come into prominence, or even existence, only during the last two decades. As a solicitor in a large London firm that does substantial work related to financial business in the London international capital markets, Ravi Tennekoon has had considerable practical experience in legal work related to Eurobond issues and transactions and international syndications. London is, of course, the main …

The Foreign Commerce Clause And The Market Participant Exemption, David E. Dreifke

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In this Note, the author argues that, despite the strictures of the Foreign Commerce Clause, under an expansive conception of the market participant exemption, states should be able to place restrictions on the export of state-owned or state-nurtured natural resources. In light of the current trade imbalance between Japan and the United States and by way of example, the author discusses Japan's importation of United States natural resources and the competing interests that argue for and against its continuance. Japan's economic growth, appetite for natural resources, and lack of adequate regard for environmental consequences is well documented. Economists and political …

International Space Law: Into The Twenty-First Century, Glenn H. Reynolds

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In this Article, Professor Reynolds addresses the space law issues likely to be of most importance in the next several decades. Pressing issues include those of orbital debris and geostationary orbit crowding, private property rights in outer space resources, conflict over international trade in space goods and services, the danger of ballistic-missile technology proliferation, private remote-sensing systems, and the law of international cooperation in space. Professor Reynolds concludes with a philosophical and practical discussion of some more remote issues, including the legal systems that may govern future human societies in outer space and the legal issues that might be associated …