International Trade Law Commons^™

Kedudukan Putusan Peradilan Etik Sebagai Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara: Studi Kasus Gugatan Hakim Konstitusi Anwar Usman, Satrio Febriyanto

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

As an effort to concretize ethics, there is a process of formalizing ethics into a set of rules through a code of ethics. The code of ethics needs institutional enforcement instruments so that it can be effectively applied through ethical trials. Ethical courts, as institutions that adjudicate violations of the code of ethics, have the authority to issue decisions as a follow-up to cases of violations of the code of ethics that they handle. In carrying out its duties, ethical courts use ethical and moral analysis to assess the appropriateness of an action. This analytical approach differs from legal decisions …

Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Pengangkut Pada Tindakan General Average Terhadap Kerugian Kargo Yang Diangkut, Sandra A. M. Lova, Zahry Vandawati Chumaida

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Maritime transportation plays a vital role in supporting trade, yet risks such as perils of the sea or ship accidents caused by unseaworthiness often lead to disputes, particularly when General Average is declared. This practice, recognized since Roman times, has evolved into a legal concept in marine insurance to distribute deliberate sacrifices made for the safety of the vessel and its cargo. This study aims to analyze the liability of carriers in General Average actions and to evaluate the concept as a fair mechanism for loss distribution. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, …

How The U.S. Constitution Shapes International Tax Law: Instrument Choice In Tax Agreements, Noam Noked, Young Ran (Christine) Kim, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Articles

The U.S. Constitution’s Treaty Clause, which requires Senate approval by a two-thirds vote for treaties, has significantly influenced the development of international tax law. This Article examines the implications of Senate supermajority requirements on bilateral and multilateral tax treaties and agreements, alternative instruments, relevant international tax standards, and global tax governance.

Historically, tax treaties have been approved exclusively as Article II treaties requiring Senate approval. The difficulty of entering into treaties with the United States has influenced the instrument choice and design of U.S. and international tax standards. To address this challenge, several U.S. and international tax reforms have employed …

Penggunaan Metode Socrates Dalam Mengembangkan Pendidikan Tinggi Hukum Di Indonesia, Syarifah Lisa Andriati, Inneke Kiki Rizki, Ain Najwa Binti Mohd Malian

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The ability to think critically and have the ability as a problem solver is needed in higher education Law in Indonesia. One of the methods used is the Socratic Method. Critical thinking is one of the aspects that law students must have to improve their ability as problem solvers. This research was conducted to contribute that the application of the Socratic method is effective to be applied in the learning process of higher education in Indonesia, as well as to provide evaluation and knowledge about the challenges and obstacles that will be faced in the process of applying the Socratic …

Mogok Kerja Tenaga Medis: Problematika Pada Uu Ketenagakerjaan Dan Pilihan Model Pengaturannya, Rama Agung

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The issue of healthcare workers' strikes remains complex in terms of regulatory frameworks. On one hand, there is a conflict of interest between public interest in access to healthcare services and, on the other, the Labor Law, which regards the right to strike as a fundamental right of workers, integral to collective bargaining. This paper examines the challenges in regulating healthcare workers' strikes by analyzing Article 139 of the Labor Law and exploring regulatory models that support the provision of high-quality healthcare services. The findings highlight several key points. First, Article 139 of the Labor Law does not yet provide …

Tapera: Melindungi Hak Atas Tempat Tinggal Atau Mengancam Kehidupan Yang Layak, Elizabeth Jeneva Samuella, Ida Susanti

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This study examines the People's Housing Savings (TAPERA) policy in the context of protecting the right to adequate housing and its impact on the decent living conditions of workers. Under TAPERA regulations, all workers are required to set aside a portion of their salary, including those who already own a home. While this policy aims to improve access to adequate housing, it raises questions about its impact on purchasing power and the fulfillment of other basic needs. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach using socio-legal methods to evaluate whether the mandatory TAPERA contributions can be considered a violation of the …

Lahirnya Tensi Metafisik Di Urat-Leher Projek-Projek Interpretasi Konstruktif, Herman Bakir, Mukhtasar Syamsuddin

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This project is a legal hermeneutics. The aim is to elaborate the paradigm of the law as integrity theory, Ronald Dworkin’s work, which has received recognition as one of the most influential philosophical systems in the world of law throughout the last century. The issues discussed are divided into three subjects: (1) the interpretation role in legitimizing “law” as a corpus that has a “soul”; (2) a concept of interpretation from the womb of the law as integrity theory; (3) the dual capacity of “constructive interpretation” in [a] “returning” law to its roots; and [b] housing “morals” within the body …

Diskursus Kriminalisasi Pemidanaan Terhadap Pemberi Gratifikasi, Muhammad Fatahillah Akbar

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This article aims to examine the legal basis to prosecute gratifiers in Indonesian Corruption Justice System. Samin Tan as the giver of gratification to Eni Maulani Saragih had been acquitted by the Corruption Court of Jakarta Decision Number 37/Pid.Sus-TPK/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst on 30^th August 2021. Then, the Cassation to Supreme Court had also been rejected by Supreme Court Decision Number 2205 K/Pid.sus/2022 on 9^th June, 2022. Hence, Samin Tan stays acquitted. The decision majorly focuses on the “absence” of law which criminalizes gratifiers or gratification givers. Therefore, this article elaborates how similar cases shall be handled in the future. In …

China’S Influence Over The Mining Industry In Africa, Safa M. Altamimi, Reda Amer

Undergraduate Research Symposium

How much influence does China have over the international supply of minerals from Africa? The purpose of this research is to study China’s involvement in Africa’s mining industry and analyze its impact on US economic interests. China has traded and invested in many mining sites across Africa; However, I will be focusing on DRC, Zambia, and Zimbabwe for my research. Using ArcGIS pro tools, I will create and analyze a map that contains information about mineral deposits and facilities.

Pembuktian Sederhana Dalam Proses Kepailitan Terhadap Perusahaan Pengembang Pasca Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2023, Maya Iswandi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

After the issuance of Sema No. 3/2023, there were various pros and cons to its implementation. This is because the sema has limited and in quotes has protected development companies from bankruptcy proceedings. Sema No. 3/2023 provides immunity to development companies from bankruptcy because they are deemed not to meet the simple proof that must be met in the bankruptcy process. This provision seems to deny the judicial system that should determine the evidence in a case. This certainly causes degradation of legal certainty and consumer protection. Therefore, this research will discuss simple proof in development companies after the …

Tracing The Truth: The Case For The United States To Adopt Eu-Style Supply Chain Transparency In Global High-Risk Industries, Daniel Assor

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

Have you ever looked in your closet and wondered where your clothing came from? Or stared into the black mirror of your phone and questioned how it was made? Certainly, you know where you bought it, but are you sure of where it was before then? Unless you sew your own clothes or communicate by carrier pigeon, these questions may not have crossed your mind. However, I urge everyone to look around their home—you will find objects with questionable origins. This shift has brought increased focus to supply chains, elevating transparency as a critical element of corporate environmental, social, and …

Framing The Dialogue By Revisiting Fundamental Principles For Indirect Copyright Liability In China: History, Economics And Tort Law Analysis, Xiao Ma

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

The issue of indirect copyright liability has been debated for many years, particularly with the rise of technological advancements like cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI). China has frequently revised its laws and regulations to address copyright–related cases, often drawing from the experience of the common law system. However, this has sparked stakeholder disagreement on implementing filtering obligations for online services, raising the duty of care for online intermediaries, and whether safe harbor rules are still relevant.

This Article argues that the current regime of digital copyright liability rests on three pillars: historical, economic, and tort law theories. The author …

Trips, World Trade, Social Progress, And The Public Interest, Hannibal Travis

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement arrived in the 1990s amidst great fanfare for a suite of comprehensive reforms to a trading system that had failed the world time and again. It bore a title that sounded less like a pact on outsourcing or multinational corporatism and more like a fair trade pledge for products of the mind and the personality. TRIPs was introduced as a pillar of the New World Order, a post-Cold War vision in which the fall of the Soviet Union and the opening of the Chinese economy would augur an era of harmonious commerce. …

Greenhat’S Greenlight To The Cftc: The Case For A Jurisdictional Shift Of Financial Transmission Rights From The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission To The Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Timothy K. Shaw Ii

DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal

Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators are a relatively new platform to buy and sell wholesale electricity and transmission service of that electricity. These groundbreaking organizations have been around since 1996 after the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) issued Order 888. FERC regulates the physical electricity wholesale sale and transmission service market managed by a Regional Transmission Organization (“RTO”) or Independent System Operator (“ISO”),through its Federal Power Act mandate. Many RTOs and ISOs offer a product called a Financial Transmission Right (“FTR”). Traditionally, FTRs assist the holder by providing price certainty, or a hedge, in the capacity market. This …

Choosing The Best Entity For Investments Trading After Understanding The Tax Limitations And Restrictions, Ray A. Knight, Joseph Lakatos

DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal

The trading of various securities is subject to market rules. However, when securities trading is completed within a business entity, the entity is subject to tax limitations and restrictions. The tax benefits cannot be the dominant purpose for the entity structure; economic substance including profit motive and business purpose for each transaction must be able to be shown.

The trading of investment securities must be housed in the right entity to gain the best economic results as well as to minimize the tax burden. The entity selection process must first consider the characteristics and nature of the securities (e.g., currencies, …

Volume 23 - Front Matter

DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Signaling Through National Security Lawmaking, Weijia Rao

Faculty Scholarship

An often-overlooked element of the ongoing TikTok saga is China’s export control law, which prohibits the sale of TikTok’s core content recommendation algorithm without prior approval from the Chinese government. This law is just one example of the extensive national security lawmaking China has undertaken in recent years. Closely paralleling similar institutions in the U.S., China has established a comprehensive national security legal framework that authorizes the government to restrict exports, sanction foreign entities, screen foreign investments, and block transactions involving cyber infrastructure.

Why turn towards legality when China has the ability to employ these actions without a formal legal …

Doktrin Penyalahgunaan Hak (Abus Des Droit), Syukron Salam

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The present article examines the emergence of the doctrine of abus de droit in France in the mid-twentieth century through an analysis of key judicial decisions and the debates that followed them. The study commences with an exposition of the manner in which the evolution of capitalism, concomitant with the escalating economic disparity and the propagation of societal challenges, has influenced the judicial approach to the abstract Roman-law tradition of absolute rights. In light of this, the article contends that the civil-law tradition exhibited a fundamental flaw in its conceptualisation of rights as absolute, thereby overlooking objections that were firmly …

Politik Hukum Kedudukan Wakil Presiden Dalam Badan Pengarah Percepatan Pembangunan Otonomi Khusus Papua, Maleakhi Samuel Pasalli, Yamuna Nurafifah, Pranaldo Gunawan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The legal policy regarding the amendment of Law Number 21 of 2001 into Law Number 2 of 2021 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua marks a paradigm shift from asymmetric decentralization towards controlled autonomy or leading to the centralization of power, notably through the establishment of the Steering Committee for Acceleration of Development of Special Autonomy for Papua (BP3OKP), which is chaired directly by the Vice President. This research is motivated by juridical issues wherein the Academic Paper (Naskah Akademik) of the amendment fails to provide scientific justification regarding the urgency of establishing this special body or the involvement of the …

United States Counsel Being Used In Order To Serve Foreign Entities: Service On Foreign Entities And The Relationship Between Us Counsel And Foreign Companies, Lucy Gottfried

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

This Note examines the use of alternative service on foreign defendants’ United States counsel under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(f)(3) and USCIT Rule 4(e)(3). A recent challenge in the Court of International Trade has raised the issue of whether this method of service complies with the rule that service be effectuated in a foreign country. Through surveying federal courts decisions addressing motions for alternative service on U.S. counsel, this note demonstrates that courts do not apply a uniform rule. Instead, courts balance different considerations—like due process, international comity, and litigants’ behavior—based on the underlying facts. This Note synthesizes the …

International Trade And Climate Policy: Revising The Benefit Analysis For Countervailing Duties, Michael J. Havens

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

The United States’ Countervailing Duties Law protects domestic markets by offsetting any benefit foreign manufacturers receive from their domestic governments’ subsidy programs. The benefit analysis the Department of Commerce uses under the Countervailing Duties Law, however, is too vague. Moreover, the sole environmental exemption for otherwise countervailable subsidies is too narrow. As a result, Commerce assesses duties on an array of manufacturers burdened by foreign governments’ climate policies. The case study BGH Edelstahl v. US underscores the issue of the Countervailing Duties Law’s definition of “benefits conferred” and the limited environmental exemption. This Note compares the shortcomings of the Countervailing …

Ottawa Needs Legal Tools To Hit Back In Trade Wars, Barry Appleton

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Torts And Pesticide Drift: Amending Right-To-Farm Acts In The Wake Of Widespread Dicamba Drift By Nicholas Brown** And Matt Roessing*

Journal of Legal Studies in Business

When crops die in a field prior to harvest, a farmer loses a portion of his salary for that year. When the cause of the crop loss is natural, farmers can usually seek compensation through crop insurance and government commodity support programs. When the crops were lost as a result of pesticide drift, these forms of compensation are not usually available to farmers.1 In order to make up for their losses, farmers can seek damages through judicial redress. For many decades, various state and federal laws have combined to complicate and at times prevent farmers adversely affected by pesticide drift …

Cover Page & Table Of Contents - Volume 23

Journal of Legal Studies in Business

JLSB vol. 23 Title Page & Table of Contents

Incorporating Tax Law Into Legal And Regulatory Environment Of Business Courses

Journal of Legal Studies in Business

No abstract provided.

Too Much, Too Little, Or Just Right? Beyond The Perception (Or Reality) Of Law School Rigor In Teaching Undergraduate Copyright Law

Journal of Legal Studies in Business

No abstract provided.

Law School News: Rwu Law And University Of Lisbon Forge Academic Partnership To Expand Global Legal Learning 11-9-2025, Helgar Melgar

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania, Peter Rabson Mziray

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The current study investigates the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu (G 22). The study focuses on two objectives: the first objective is to describe the plant folk taxonomy in Chasu and the second objective is to determine the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu. Data were collected from rural villages in Same and Mwanga districts by using free listing, field interviews (jungle-walk-and-identify), and written texts containing Chasu plant names. The findings reveal that Chasu folk taxonomy reflects different ethnobotanical categories; including a unique beginner which is mmea/mimea ‘plant(s)’, and three life …

Setting International Technical Standards To Shape Digital Trade Policy: Approaches, Challenges, And Opportunities For Developing Countries, Craig Atkinson, Hanane Becha

Centre for Digital Law

Digital trade, the “intentional application of digital technologies at any stage of the trade process” (DiCaprio, 2024, p. 1), is reshaping patterns of economic growth1 and development (International Monetary Fund [IMF] et al., 2023a). As its basis, digital trade depends on internationally agreed-upon “digital technical standards”: rules and guidelines that ensure digital technologies can work together (i.e., interoperability) and be used widely (i.e., scalability) (Bergsen et al., 2022). These standards support how information and communication technologies (ICTs) are designed, interact, and are adopted across borders. Without such technical standards, digital trade would not be possible.

Competition, Comity, And Confusion: Reconciling The Ftaia’S Import Exclusion With Its Direct Effects Provision, Elliot Lam

Fordham Law Review

The debate surrounding the Sherman Act’s extraterritorial scope represents a tension between two competing objectives: protecting the U.S. economy from foreign anticompetitive conduct on one hand and respecting the sovereign authority of other nation-states on the other. Applying U.S. law abroad risks undermining sovereign authority by regulating foreign economies, though such regulation appears necessary in some cases to protect U.S. consumers.

Congress’s attempt to square these objectives through enacting the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982 (FTAIA) failed to settle the matter. The statute left courts with two new questions: how to distinguish “import” from “nonimport” commerce, and how …