International Trade Law Commons^™

Disaggregating The Regional-Multilateral Overlap: The Nafta Looking-Glass, Elizabeth Trujillo

Faculty Scholarship

This short piece explores regionalism through the lens of NAFTA and examines its relationship to the multilateral trade regime and its effects on domestic policy. It tries to better understand the legal paradigm that allows the public aspects of trade law to intersect with the private interests of private investors. The rich jurisprudence of the Chapter 11 investment chapter of NAFTA provides a looking-glass into the complex interplay of state and non-state actors who navigate through the regional and multilateral trade and investment frameworks to further their interests. By disaggregating these overlaps, the paper illuminates this interplay which allows private …

The World Trade Organization: A Legal And Institutional Analysis, Anu Bradford

Faculty Scholarship

The law of the WTO can be complex and the intricacies of the WTO hard to grasp even by someone who has spent years studying this area of law. In providing a clear, well-structured and highly accessible introduction to the legal and institutional aspects of the WTO, Jan Wouters and Bart De Meester offer a refreshingly uncomplicated book that walks the reader through the basic legal doctrine underlying international trade.

Beyond The Wto? An Anatomy Of Eu And Us Preferential Trade Agreements, Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis, André Sapir

Faculty Scholarship

It is often alleged that PTAs involving the EC and the US include a significant number of obligations in areas not currently covered by the WTO Agreement, such as investment protection, competition policy, labour standards and environmental protection. The primary purpose of this study is to highlight the extent to which these claims are true. The study divides the contents of all PTAs involving the EC and the US currently notified to the WTO, into 14 'WTO' and 38 'WTO-X' areas, where WTO provisions come under the current mandate of the WTO, and WTO-X provisions deal with issues lying outside …

Burden Of Proof In Environmental Disputes In The Wto: Legal Aspects, Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

This paper discusses allocation of burden of proof in environmental disputes in the WTO system. Besides laying down the natural principles that (i) the complainant carries the burden to (ii) make a prima facie case that its claim holds, WTO adjudicating bodies have said little of more general nature. The paper therefore examines the case law of relevance to environmental policies, to establish the rules concerning burden of proof that are likely to be applied in such disputes. Evaluating this case law, the paper makes two observations,: First, in cases submitted under the GATTWTO, adjudicating bodies have committed errors regarding …

Winners And Losers In The Panel Stage Of The Wto Dispute Settlement System, Bernard Hoekman, Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

Most research on the role of developing countries in the WTO Dispute Settlement (DS) system has focused on their propensity to participate as complainants, respondents, and third parties. Much of this line of research has sought to examine claims that developing countries are underrepresented as complainants and/or overrepresented as respondents in the DS system. This chapter examines whether the outcomes with regard to legal claims differ between developing and developed countries. It employs a dataset describing various aspects of the DS system that have been compiled under a World Bank project to take a first cut at exploring what the …

Metals Or Management? Explaining Africa's Recent Economic Growth Spurt, Laura Nyantung Beny, Lisa D. Cook

Articles

Explanations for Africa's poor long-run growth performance have varied over time. The theories examined include geography (Jeffrey D. Sachs and Andrew Warner 1997); institutions (William Easterly and Ross Levine 1997; Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson 2001, 2002; Nathan Nunn 2007, 2008); health (David Bloom and Sachs 1998; Gregory N. Price 2003); and economic dependency (William Darity 1982). More recently, economists have attempted to explain what The Economist has called Africa's new "period of unparalleled economic success" (The Economist 2008a, 33). Average annual real GDP growth was 1.8 percent between 1980 and 1989 and increased to 4.4 percent between …

Arbitrator Integrity: The Transient And The Permanent, William W. Park

Faculty Scholarship

The somewhat excessive words attributed to Heraclitus find some application in the current search for ethical standards applicable to. arbitrators sitting in international disputes. New patterns of misbehavior create new types of ethical challenges. Few criteria for evaluating arbitrator independence and impartiality will likely stay foolproof for long, given how ingenious fools often prove themselves to be.

Substance, Procedure, And Institutions In The International Harmonization Of Competition Policy, Daniel A. Crane

Articles

Many people who pay attention to the rapid development of antitrust regimes across the globe hold two tenets in common. First, most of the relevant stakeholders would benefit if competition policy could be harmonized interjurisdictionally.' Second, and alas, this beneficial harmonization is unlikely to happen on a significant scale in the foreseeable future.2 To many, antitrust harmonization is thus a noble but utopian aspiration. I generally share both the former sentiment and the latter lament but both are far too general to be of much use without further specification. Uniformity of competition policy is valuable to be sure, but not …

A Meating Of The Minds: Possible Pitfalls And Benefits Of Certified Organic Livestock Production And The Prodigious Potential Of Brazil, Adam Schlosser

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Certified organic food represents the fastest growing segment of food production in both the United States and throughout the entire world. This article examines the issues and opportunities facing both large and small-scale farmers who wish to engage in organic livestock production. Organic regulations cover everything involved in production, starting with the organic certification process and concluding with slaughter and the subsequent shipping and sale of the end organic product. The final section of this article addresses the unique ability of Brazil - described alternatively as "the world's warehouse" and the "world's [future] source of food" - to increase the …

Canadian Food Law Update, Patricia L. Farnese

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Provided below is an overview of developments in Canadian food law and policy in 2008. This update primarily analyzes regulatory and policy developments by the federal government. This focus reflects the significance of federal activities in the food policy realm. As this is the first Canadian update to appear in the Journal of Food Law & Policy, it is appropriate to include a brief summary of the Canadian regulatory framework for food. The regulatory framework provides the necessary context to identify trends driving recent changes in Canadian food law and policy.

Saving The Wto From The Risk Of Irrelevance: The Wto Dispute Settlement Mechanism As A Common Good For Rta Disputes, Henry Gao, Chin Leng Lim

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Over the past few decades, Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have proliferated globally. Such proliferation of RTAs created a renewed sense of urgency for the WTO to take action in order to avoid the fate of being eclipsed into irrelevance. There are several options for coping with the challenge. Theoretically speaking, the best approach would be to heighten the level of ambition in global trade talks to reduce all trade barriers to zero so that the discriminatory effect created by RTAs could be reduced or even eliminated. In reality, such an approach would be impossible for well-known reasons. The next best …

Interview Of Julio Lacarte Muró Conducted By A. Jane Bradley On 8 October 2003 And 31 March 2004, Institute Of International Economic Law, Georgetown University Law Center

The Oral History Project of the World Trading System

Interview of Ambassador Julio Lacarte Muró, 1st Chair, WTO Appellate Body; Former Uruguayan Ambassador to the GATT; Former Minister of Industry & Trade; Former Deputy Executive Secretary, GATT Secretariat, conducted by A. Jane Bradley. Interview is split between two dates, October 8, 2003 and March 31, 2004. The interview conducted on March 31, 2004 starts on page 19.

Protection Of Trademarks And Geographical Indications, Inessa Shalevich

Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Commoditizing Intellectual Property Rights: The Practicability Of A Commercialized And Transparent International Ipr Market And The Need For International Standards, Ian David Mcclure

Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Insource The Shareholding Of Outsourced Employees: A Global Stock Ownership Plan, Robert C. Hockett

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

With the American economy stalled and another federal election campaign season well underway, the “outsourcing” of American jobs is again on the public agenda. Latest figures indicate not only that claims for joblessness benefits are up, but also that the rate of American job-exportation has more than doubled since the last electoral cycle. This year’s political candidates have been quick to take note. In consequence, more than at any time since the early 1990s, continued American participation in the World Trade Organization, in the North American Free Trade Agreement, and in the processes of global economic integration more generally appear …

International Coffee Regulation: A Comparison Of The International Coffee Organization And The Fair Trade Coffee Regimes, Scott B. Weese

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note examines the challenges in coffee farming due to oversupply and evaluates two regulatory attempts: the International Coffee Organization (ICO) and the Fairtrade Labelling Organization (FLO). While the ICO focuses on sustainability and the FLO on creating demand, both fail to address the root issue of overproduction. The note argues that these efforts are insufficient because they do not reduce supply, suggesting that market correction through producer exit is necessary.

International And Comparative Aspects Of Trademark Dilution, Mark D. Janis, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

Extract:

In the United States, trademark antidilution protection is back—maybe. Proposed by Frank Schechter in the 1920s, adopted in various incarnations in some states over the next few decades, and ultimately introduced in a slightly different form in federal trademark law in 1995, the dilution provisions drew a cool reception in the courts. By the late 1990s, an increasingly restive judiciary was constraining the federal dilution provisions in various ways, most notably by requiring mark owners to prove actual dilution in order to establish liability, a requirement endorsed by the United States Supreme Court in Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, …

Tracing The Contours Of Transnational Corporations' Human Rights Obligations In The Twenty-First Century, Iris Halpern

Buffalo Human Rights Law Review

No abstract provided.

New Paradigms For Protection Of Biodiversity, Srividhya Ragavan

Faculty Scholarship

The most successful bioprospecting venture was established in 1989 in Costa Rica. Interestingly, the distinction of being a forerunner in exploiting bioprospecting goes to India. In 1979, a full decade before Costa Rica, India established the TBGRI (Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute) at Trivandrum.

Yet, the TBGRI venture with the Kani Tribes, which had the potential to become a beacon of bioprospecting success, is showcased as the exemplar of failure. In this era of trade regime, the following paper asserts, bioprospecting ventures are important tools for developing countries. Countries like India and organizations like the TBGRI should learn from …

Toward A World Migratory Regime, Raffaele Marchetti

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Increasing transnationalism challenges the predominant statist treatment of migration and citizenship. Global, indeed cosmopolitan, citizenship offers an alternative to open border policies and global migratory management that focuses on the extent to which political agents are free to move and join different societies. Multilayered citizenship and multileveled political membership encourages a supranational institution dedicated to global deliberation. Such a migratory regulatory system and new admission criteria developed under the universal membership regime ensure the grant of civil, social, and political rights to all migrants.

Oversight Of U.S. Trade Preference Programs: Hearing Before The S. Comm. On Finance, 110th Cong., June 12, 2008 (Statement Of Andrew Small, Adjunct Prof. Of Law, Geo. U. L. Center), Andrew Small

Testimony Before Congress

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Nato Ebao Doctrine: Clausewitz's Theories And The Role Of Law In An Evolving Approach To Operations, Colonel Jody M. Prescott

Penn State International Law Review (1982 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Does "Made In China" Translate To "Watch Out" For Consumers? The U.S. Congressional Response To Consumer Product Safety Concerns, Julia A. Phillips

Penn State International Law Review (1982 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

The Eu Challenge To The Sec, Roberta S. Karmel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Access To Medicines, Brics Alliances, And Collective Action, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

Most discussions on the public health implications of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights focus on the right of less developed countries to issue compulsory licenses and the need for these countries to exploit flexibilities within the TRIPs Agreement. However, there are other means by which countries can enhance access to essential medicines. To provide an illustration of these other means, this article explores the possibility for greater collaboration among the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and between these countries and other less developed countries.

This article begins by offering a brief …

Federalism And International Trade: The Intersection Of The World Trade Organization's Government Procurement Act And State "Buy Local" Legislation, Amol Mehra

Brigham Young University International Law & Management Review

No abstract provided.

The Incomplete Global Market For Tax Information, Steven A. Dean

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Corporate Taxation And International Charter Competition, Mitchell A. Kane, Edward B. Rock

Michigan Law Review

Corporate charter competition has become an increasingly international phenomenon. The thesis of this Article is that this development in corporate law requires a greater focus on corporate tax law. We first demonstrate how a tax system's capacity to distort the international charter market depends both upon its approach to determining corporate location and upon the extent to which it taxes foreign source corporate profits. We also show, however, that it is not possible to remove all distortions through modifications to the tax system alone. We present instead two alternative methods for preserving an international charter market. The first-best solution involves …

The Olympic Spotlight: The Beijing Games And China As A Future World Leader, Eric A. Heinze

Human Rights & Human Welfare

According to Jeffrey Wasserstrom’s article, if the Chinese think they can censor the Olympics, and the political showcasing that will almost certainly accompany them, they are sorely mistaken. I am persuaded by the thrust of this argument. I just hope that as China vies for global leadership and influence, whatever truths the Olympic spotlight reveals about its potential in this regard are more farcical than tragic.

Interview Of Geza Feketekuty Conducted By Rosine Plank-Brumback On April 29 And June 9, 2008, Institute Of International Economic Law, Georgetown University Law Center

The Oral History Project of the World Trading System

Interview of Geza Feketekuty, Former Senior Policy Adviser to the U.S. Trade Representative, conducted by Rosine Plank-Brumback. Interview is split between two dates, April 29 and June 9, 2008. The interview conducted on June 9, 2008 starts on page 44.