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Intellectual Property Law Commons™

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2001

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Articles 121 - 150 of 206

Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law

Using Technology To Circumvent The Law: The Dmca's Push To Privatize Copyright, Matt Jackson Jan 2001

Using Technology To Circumvent The Law: The Dmca's Push To Privatize Copyright, Matt Jackson

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The anti-circumvention provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 threaten free speech by giving copyright owners extralegal protection for their works. The Act allows a copyright owner to adopt technological measures that may be used to expand control over their works beyond the limits created by the Copyright Act, including the first sale doctrine and fair use. Rather than restricting circumvention technology, lawmakers and copyright owners should focus on infringing conduct. By focusing on such infringing activity, free speech rights will be safeguarded.

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Legislative Prohibitions On The Enforcement Of Post-Employment Covenants Not To Compete In The Broadcasting Industry, Alice J. Baker Jan 2001

Legislative Prohibitions On The Enforcement Of Post-Employment Covenants Not To Compete In The Broadcasting Industry, Alice J. Baker

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This article examines covenants not to compete in the entertainment industry. In the first section of the article, the author discusses the common-law doctrine of non-competition agreements and their application in the context of the entertainment industry. Next, the author examines state legislative attempts to limit this type of agreement in the broadcasting industry, including possible justifications for a legislative prohibition on them in the entertainment industry. The author concludes that the costs of blanket prohibition outweigh the benefits of prohibitive legislation, and argues that broadcasting companies and employees should be free to negotiate and enforce postemployment covenants not to …

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Reconstructing First Amendment Doctrine: The 1990s (R)Evolution Of The Central Hudson And O'Brien Tests, Susan Dente Ross Jan 2001

Reconstructing First Amendment Doctrine: The 1990s (R)Evolution Of The Central Hudson And O'Brien Tests, Susan Dente Ross

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

In this article, the Supreme Court's shifting and expanding approach to intermediate scrutiny of commercial free speech under the First Amendment is examined. The author maintains that the Supreme Court has increased the level of review for content-neutral laws regulating commercial speech, while decreasing the level of review of laws affecting the media. The author argues that these analytical shifts have eroded First Amendment protection for the media, replacing the traditional notion that the media is central to a functioning democracy with the view that the press is simply a powerful, commercial enterprise. The author concludes by contrasting two recent …

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Pricing Network Elements Under The Telecommunications Act Of 1996: Back To The Future, Salvatore Massa, Mark E. Meitzen, Steve G. Parsons Jan 2001

Pricing Network Elements Under The Telecommunications Act Of 1996: Back To The Future, Salvatore Massa, Mark E. Meitzen, Steve G. Parsons

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This article examines the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and Congress' intent that it encourage new local telephone exchange carriers to enter the local telephone market, thereby increasing competition and reducing consumer cost. The authors give an overview of the Act, and then examine the disputes surrounding how the new carriers should pay for the use of existing network facilities under it. The authors argue that the Supreme Court should adopt the Eighth Circuit's actual incremental costs approach, because it is based on the expected future costs of an actual market participant, and is therefore more consistent with sound economic principles.

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The Webcasting Music Revolution Is Ready To Begin, As Soon As We Figure Out The Copyright Law: The Story Of The Music Industry At War With Itself, Kimberly L. Craft Jan 2001

The Webcasting Music Revolution Is Ready To Begin, As Soon As We Figure Out The Copyright Law: The Story Of The Music Industry At War With Itself, Kimberly L. Craft

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

No one has yet been able to agree on the meaning of the copyright laws related to webcast licensing and fees or how to define and treat new technological advances, innovations and uses. This article provides background into the history of the copyright law as it relates to music webcasting, including the Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act of 1995 ("DPRA") and the DMCA, explains the various forms of copyright protection held in recorded sound performances and its relation to online transmissions, discusses the history of the complex, legal situation which has resulted, new developments surrounding the proposed Music …

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The Domain Name Registration .Bizness: Are We Being Pulled Over On The Information Super Highway, Navin Katyal Jan 2001

The Domain Name Registration .Bizness: Are We Being Pulled Over On The Information Super Highway, Navin Katyal

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This paper critically analyzes the de facto control over the Domain Name System currently administered by the not-for-profit organization, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ("ICANN"). Specifically, the author addresses the concerns of how ICANN fails to lead in the direction of appropriate Internet governance, and how it directs the Domain Name Registration ("DNR") industry to focus more upon economics, rather than engaging in legitimate issues surrounding trademark disputes created by the DNR.

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International Copyright Infringement And The Internet: An Analysis Of The Exisiting Means Of Enforcement, Matthew V. Pietsch Jan 2001

International Copyright Infringement And The Internet: An Analysis Of The Exisiting Means Of Enforcement, Matthew V. Pietsch

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

An aspect of the Internet that contributes to the difficulty in policing copyright infringement is the inherently international nature of the medium. This article will identify some of the more complicated copyright enforcement issues that exist and will also describe some of the current legal devices available to combat international copyright infringement, such as: (1) the Digital Millennium Copyright Act; (2) the European Union Directive on Electronic Commerce; (3) the World Trade Organization and the related Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property; (4) the World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty and Performances and Phonograms Treaty; (5) the North American …

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Judicial Review Of Icann Domain Name Dispute Decisions, 18 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 35 (2001), David E. Sorkin Jan 2001

Judicial Review Of Icann Domain Name Dispute Decisions, 18 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 35 (2001), David E. Sorkin

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Fair Use And The Digital Distribution Of Music - Recording Industry Association Of America V. Napster, Inc. (A Comparative Analysis Of A Restraint On Copyright In The United States Of America And Trinidad And Tobago), Michelle Lisa Alexander Jan 2001

Fair Use And The Digital Distribution Of Music - Recording Industry Association Of America V. Napster, Inc. (A Comparative Analysis Of A Restraint On Copyright In The United States Of America And Trinidad And Tobago), Michelle Lisa Alexander

LLM Theses and Essays

The purpose of this thesis is to undertake a critical analysis of the Napster judgment and its treatment of the doctrine of fair use, to determine whether the doctrine can retain its integrity in the internet age. It is proposed that as technology advances, U.S. policymakers are moving away from the constitutional objectives of U.S. copyright law and are equating copyright interests with property rights, to the detriment of noncommercial users of copyrighted works. Further, it is suggested that the decision in the Napster litigation is important for the evolving landscape of U.S. copyright law, as it signals the difficulty …

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Collusion And Collective Action In The Patent System: A Proposal For Patent Bounties, John R. Thomas Jan 2001

Collusion And Collective Action In The Patent System: A Proposal For Patent Bounties, John R. Thomas

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Persistent commentary contends that the Patent Office is issuing patents that appropriate public domain concepts at an alarming frequency. Complaints of low patent quality enjoy growing resonance with regard to business methods, computer software, and other inventions for which patents were not traditionally sought. In this article, Professor Jay Thomas explains how the judiciary's lenient view of patentable subject matter and utility standards, along with miserly congressional funding policies, have rendered the Patent Office an increasingly porous agency. Professor Thomas next reviews existing proposals for improving patent quality, including the conventional wisdom that adoption of an opposition system will contribute …

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Fair Use Infrastructure For Rights Management Systems, Dan L. Burk, Julie E. Cohen Jan 2001

Fair Use Infrastructure For Rights Management Systems, Dan L. Burk, Julie E. Cohen

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this paper, we consider whether rights management systems can be supported by legal and institutional infrastructures that enable appropriate public access to the works secured by these technologies. We focus primarily on the design challenges posed by the fair use doctrine, which historically has played a central role in preserving such access. Throughout the paper, however, we also use the term "fair use" to refer more generally to the variety of limiting doctrines within copyright law that serve this goal. We begin in Part II by reviewing the contours of the fair use doctrine and the legal and policy …

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From Sheet Music To Mp3 Files--A Brief Perspective On Napster, Harold R. Weinberg Jan 2001

From Sheet Music To Mp3 Files--A Brief Perspective On Napster, Harold R. Weinberg

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Preserving The Public Trust In State-Owned Intellectual Property: A Recommendation For Legislative Action, Sharon Sandeen Jan 2001

Preserving The Public Trust In State-Owned Intellectual Property: A Recommendation For Legislative Action, Sharon Sandeen

Faculty Scholarship

Whether a state chooses to dedicate its intellectual property to the public domain or derive revenue from the licensing of its rights, absent express authority on the subject there is uncertainty. State employees who are aware of the existence of state-owned intellectual property are not certain how it should be managed or if they are authorized to expend state resources to pursue infringement claims. Individuals and entities who wish to use state-owned intellectual property do not know how to obtain permission for such use and without permission they cannot be certain that they will not be sued for infringement. Without …

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Founding A New Journal In The Age Of Electronic Law, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 1 (2001), Paul R. Michel Jan 2001

Founding A New Journal In The Age Of Electronic Law, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 1 (2001), Paul R. Michel

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

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At Sea In A Black Box: Charting A Clearer Course For Juries Through The Perilous Straits Of Patent Invalidity, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 3 (2001), Janice M. Mueller Jan 2001

At Sea In A Black Box: Charting A Clearer Course For Juries Through The Perilous Straits Of Patent Invalidity, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 3 (2001), Janice M. Mueller

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

When jurors decide whether a putative patent infringer is liable under the doctrine of equivalents, Federal Circuit law requires that the patent owner’s trial presentation provide “particularized evidence” and “linking argument” with respect to each prong of the classic tripartite test for liability (i.e., substantial identity of “function,” “way,” and “result” between each element of the claimed invention and accused device). The court has recognized that absent such evidentiary roadmapping, jurors are “put to sea without guiding charts.” In its August 2001 decision in Monsanto Co. v. Mycogen Plant Science, Inc., the Federal Circuit refused to extend this same evidentiary …

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Remedies For Patent Infringement: A Comparative Study Of U.S. And Chinese Law, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 35 (2001), Guangliang Zhang Jan 2001

Remedies For Patent Infringement: A Comparative Study Of U.S. And Chinese Law, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 35 (2001), Guangliang Zhang

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Compared with the long history of U.S. patent law, Chinese patent law is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, there are similarities between the two laws in terms of remedies available for patent infringement. Both provide injunctive relief, damages and provisional rights remedies. Nevertheless, in granting each remedy, there are some differences. China has made consistent efforts to upgrade its patent laws to provide patent owners with adequate remedies. However there is still large room for improvement in the standards for granting preliminary injunctions, and in determining lost profits and reasonable royalties. Additionally, the Supreme Court of China should reconsider the …

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Festo: A Jurisprudential Test For The Supreme Court?, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 69 (2001), James E. Hopenfeld Jan 2001

Festo: A Jurisprudential Test For The Supreme Court?, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 69 (2001), James E. Hopenfeld

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

This article contends that the Federal Circuit's decision in Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., now on review before the United States Supreme Court, is more than just a controversial patent case. Festo raises, in addition, important issues with respect to stare decisis and the power and authority of the Federal Circuit and appeals courts in general. The jurisprudential issues raised by Festo are revealed by an analysis of the different methods used by the Federal Circuit majority on one hand, and Judge Michel's dissent on the other, in applying Supreme Court precedent to reach a legal conclusion. …

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The Uspto's New Utility Guidelines: Will They Be Enough To Secure Patent Protection In Biotech?, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 142 (2001), Anna E. Morrison Jan 2001

The Uspto's New Utility Guidelines: Will They Be Enough To Secure Patent Protection In Biotech?, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 142 (2001), Anna E. Morrison

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

This Comment examines the newly revised PTO utility examination guidelines for biotechnology patents. The race for patenting human genes is well underway. When complete sequences of human genes are found, researchers have been quick to seek patents. This “patent grab” has been driven less by the expectation that a particular gene sequence will result in production of a useful protein and more by the idea that enough patenting will create a protectable “haystack” in which one will find a few “genetic needles of value.” The new utility guidelines may not completely aid the underlying and fundamental policies on patenting. While …

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Rock And Roll Royalties, Copyrights And Contracts Of Adhesion: Why Musicians May Be Chasing Waterfalls, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 163 (2001), Starr Nelson Jan 2001

Rock And Roll Royalties, Copyrights And Contracts Of Adhesion: Why Musicians May Be Chasing Waterfalls, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 163 (2001), Starr Nelson

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Copyrights form the basis of every recording contract. When a recording artist signs his or her first recording contract, the artist retains the copyright in the musical work but transfers ownership of the sound recording to the record company. With respect to any subsequent recording contract, the artist is not on equal bargaining footing with the record company because the record company already owns certain copyrights in the previous recording. This Comment proposes that courts recognize this unequal bargaining power when construing what is, in effect, a contract of adhesion.

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The California Gold Rush And The Model Rules: Do The Prospectors Have Sufficient Guidance?, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 109 (2001), Tony Goodman Jan 2001

The California Gold Rush And The Model Rules: Do The Prospectors Have Sufficient Guidance?, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 109 (2001), Tony Goodman

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The economic climate that existed in Silicon Valley in the mid to late 1990’s made prevalent the practice of receiving equity in a client in lieu of a legal fee, i.e. prospecting. This practice potentially impacts three of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct: 1.8(a), 1.7(b), and 1.5. None of these Rules gives the lawyer clear guidance in this situation. Because this arrangement has become an accepted alternative billing practice, this Comment proposes two amendments to the Model Rules to more clearly address the issues that arise when a lawyer accepts shares of stock in lieu of a legal fee.

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The Inherent Limitations Doctrine: How The Specification May Inherently Limit The Scope Of The Claims, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 124 (2001), Adam G. Kelly Jan 2001

The Inherent Limitations Doctrine: How The Specification May Inherently Limit The Scope Of The Claims, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 124 (2001), Adam G. Kelly

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

In several recent decisions, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has established that a patentee’s express words, as disclosed in the specification, may be read into the claims to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the Federal Circuit in Scimed and Bell Atlantic has held that not only may a patentee explicitly limit a claim term in the specification, but she may also do so “by implication.” Thus, a specification may inherently limit the scope of a claimed invention constituting what the author calls the “inherent limitations doctrine.” This new wrinkle in claim interpretation …

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The Cancellation Of Redskins As A Disparaging Trademark: Is Federal Trademark Law An Appropriate Solution For Words That Offend?, Justin G. Blankenship Jan 2001

The Cancellation Of Redskins As A Disparaging Trademark: Is Federal Trademark Law An Appropriate Solution For Words That Offend?, Justin G. Blankenship

University of Colorado Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Bargaining Over The Transfer Of Proprietary Research Tools: Is This Market Failing Or Emerging?, Rebecca S. Eisenberg Jan 2001

Bargaining Over The Transfer Of Proprietary Research Tools: Is This Market Failing Or Emerging?, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Book Chapters

This analysis highlights the importance of transactions between prior and subsequent innovators to permit valuable research to go forward across the boundaries of prior patent claims. In a recent article focusing on biomedical research,4 Michael Heller and I argue that too many patent rights on 'upstream' discoveries can stifle 'downstream' research and product development by increasing transaction costs and magnifying the risk of bargaining failures. Just as too few property rights leave communally held resources prone to overuse in a 'tragedy of the commons', too many property rights can leave resources prone to underuse in what Heller calls a 'tragedy …

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Copyright Law And Archival Research, Robert Spoo Jan 2001

Copyright Law And Archival Research, Robert Spoo

Articles, Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

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Patent Law In The Age Of The Invisible Supreme Court, Mark D. Janis Jan 2001

Patent Law In The Age Of The Invisible Supreme Court, Mark D. Janis

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This article examines the permanence of the U.S. Supreme Court's retreat to the peripheries of patent law after the creation of the Federal Circuit, and explores the roles that the Supreme Court might imagine for itself in contemporary patent law. For discussion purposes, the article describes two hypothetical models for Supreme Court decisionmaking in patent cases: an aggressive interventionist model and an extreme non-interventionist model. After considering the shortcomings of both models, the article proposes an intermediate, managerial model. The managerial model rejects the proposition that the Court should intervene in patent cases to correct perceived substantive errors in Federal …

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No "Dilettante Affair": Rethinking The Experimental Use Exception To Patent Infringement For Biomedical Research Tools, Janice M. Mueller Jan 2001

No "Dilettante Affair": Rethinking The Experimental Use Exception To Patent Infringement For Biomedical Research Tools, Janice M. Mueller

Washington Law Review

Scientists who require multiple "research tools" (i.e., laboratory resources such as transgenic animals and biological receptors) to develop new drugs and medical diagnostic products are frequently finding that these tools are patented or subject to other proprietary constraints. Stacking royalty obligations and heightened transaction costs resulting from the proliferation of patents on research tools threaten to slow or stop the development of new drugs and devices critical to public health. Because U.S. courts have very narrowly interpreted the common law "experimental use" defense of patent law as limited to "dilettante" uses of inventions for mere "amusement" or "philosophical" inquiry, scientists …

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Changing Horses In Mid-Stream: The Copyright Office's New Rule Makes Broadcasters Pay For "Streaming" Their Signals Over The Internet, Samuel Fifer, Gregory R. Naron Jan 2001

Changing Horses In Mid-Stream: The Copyright Office's New Rule Makes Broadcasters Pay For "Streaming" Their Signals Over The Internet, Samuel Fifer, Gregory R. Naron

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

With traditional, over-the-air broadcasts, radio stations do not have to start paying license fees to rights holders if they get a bigger transmitter or technology allows their signal to reach more listeners. That much, not even the RIAA will dispute. So why should it matter if stations use the Internet to reach additional listeners? The law shouldn't be interpreted to discourage radio stations from using new Internet technology to do the same thing they're doing now--especially since Congress itself expressly said it did not want to "[hamper] ... new technologies" or "impose new and unreasonable burdens" on broadcasters. And make …

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Making Sense Out Of Antisense: The Enablement Requirement In Biotechnology After Enzo Biochem V. Calgene, Matthew D. Kellam Jan 2001

Making Sense Out Of Antisense: The Enablement Requirement In Biotechnology After Enzo Biochem V. Calgene, Matthew D. Kellam

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Internet Business Model Patents: Obvious By Analogy, Margo A. Bagley Jan 2001

Internet Business Model Patents: Obvious By Analogy, Margo A. Bagley

Faculty Articles

Part I of this Article provides a look at Internet business model patents in light of key patentability requirements mandated by the Patent Act. Part II traces the evolution of the analogous art component of the non-obviousness determination and illustrates how the malleability of the doctrine, as exemplified in several Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit decisions, has particular relevance to prior art definitions for Internet business model patents. Part III of this Article then examines the doctrine of equivalents and explores how the likelihood of improper application of this doctrine in the Internet business model context is increased. …

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Letter From The Editor, Paul A. Fritzinger Jan 2001

Letter From The Editor, Paul A. Fritzinger

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Over the last few years, the problems attendant to software licensing regulation have occupied an important position in the minds of legislators at the federal, state and local levels. In the early nineties, the National Conference of Commissioners for Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) recognized the potential for licensing problems presented by the use of computer software in the national arena as well as on the Internet and saw a clear need for regulations that would transcend state boundaries. In 1999, as a result of years of planning and careful drafting, NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) in …

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