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Articles 181 - 210 of 309
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Geographical Indications: A Discussion On The Trips Regulation After The Ministerial Conference Of Hong Kong, Stefania Fusco
Geographical Indications: A Discussion On The Trips Regulation After The Ministerial Conference Of Hong Kong, Stefania Fusco
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Despite the strides the TRIPs Agreement made to protect Geographical Indications (GIs), considerable debate persists on how to further TRIPs' goals in that area. First, while some countries ally themselves with the European Union on maintaining a multilateral register for GIs, others follow the United States' preference for a voluntary database. Controversy also surrounds whether to extend the more expansive protections on wines and spirits to other products. Finally, the European Union has launched a staunchly opposed campaign to recover the exclusive use of a number of GIs, including many that have become generic names for their associated products. This …
Kewanee Revisited: Returning To First Principles Of Intellectual Property Law To Determine The Issue Of Federal Preemption, Sharon K. Sandeen
Kewanee Revisited: Returning To First Principles Of Intellectual Property Law To Determine The Issue Of Federal Preemption, Sharon K. Sandeen
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
In the early 1970s it was thought that states could regulate in the areas of trade secrets without interfering with federal patent policies. However, this concept was called into question in the Sixth Circuit's ruling in Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron. In 1974 the Supreme Court ruled that Ohio's trade secret law was not preempted by federal patent law. This article revisits the issues raised in Kewanee in light of the Supreme Court's current preemption jurisprudence, changes in patent law, copyright law, and trade secret law since that time. First, the article reviews the history and context of the Kewanee …
I Have A Secret? Applying The Uniform Trade Secrets Act To Confidential Information That Does Not Rise To The Level Of Trade Secret Status, Julie Piper
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
A trade secret is valuable information, such as a formula, a device, or a client list, that is essential to the survival of a business. State law governs trade secrets; however, the Uniform Trade Secrets Act was established to be a unified guide to assist states in protecting such secrets. Even though the UTSA's definition is broad, the Act does not provide protection for certain confidential information that does not qualify as a trade secret. Such information is still crucial to the survival and the carrying on of a business. This article explores the importance of creating a system that …
Wagging The Dog? Reconsidering Antitrust-Based Regulation Of Ip-Licensing, Gosta Schindler
Wagging The Dog? Reconsidering Antitrust-Based Regulation Of Ip-Licensing, Gosta Schindler
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This Article criticizes the institutional setup in which the antitrust policies regarding IP exploitation are designed and enforced. The author compares how IP licensing is scrutinized by antitrust regimes in the European Union and the United States. The result of that comparison leads to the conclusion that any attempted resolution of the IP-Antitrust dilemma will remain inadequate as long as it is antitrust-based, that is, regulated by antitrust laws or guidelines designed by antitrust-agencies. The author argues that antitrust concerns can and should be accounted for through proper construction and application of the IP laws themselves. The article suggests a …
Meddimmune, Microsoft, And Ksr: The United States Supreme Court In 2007 Tips The Balance In Favor Of Innovation In Patent Cases, And Thrice Reverses The Federal Circuit, Sue Ann Mota
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
In 2007 the Supreme Court reversed three patent cases from the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The three cases were MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc. (holding a patent licensee does not have to breach a license agreement before seeking declaratory judgment that the underlying patent is invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed), Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp. (holding Microsoft did not supply a component of an invention from the United States that had the possibility of infringing under the Patent Act), and KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (holding the requirement of non-obviousness under the Patent Act is analyzed …
Antitrust Liability For Refusal To License Intellectual Property: A Comparative Analysis And The International Setting, Rita Coco
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Antitrust and IP law both share the goals of promoting innovation and benefiting consumers. A potential for conflict exists, however, when a dominant firm's refusal to license IP rights affects the dynamics of competition. Antitrust intervention in IP rights can reduce incentives to invest, whereas a failure to allow anticompetitive behavior can harm consumers and competitors while reducing the efficiency of the economic system. The author reviews the European and United States approaches to monopolization claims involving IP rights. The European approach is limited by the mismatch between national enforcement of IP rights and community enforcement of antitrust law. The …
What Do We Do With A Doctrine Like Merger? A Look At The Imminent Collision Of The Dmca And Idea/Expression Dichotomy, Matthew J. Faust
What Do We Do With A Doctrine Like Merger? A Look At The Imminent Collision Of The Dmca And Idea/Expression Dichotomy, Matthew J. Faust
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
With the introduction of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), courts are now faced with the unsettling issue that copyright holders can receive damages even though copyright infringement did not occur. This comment begins its analysis of this issue with a brief overview of basic copyright infringement fundamentals, the different approaches and numerous tests that circuit courts have applied, and the idea/expression dichotomy, including the merger doctrine and the scenes a faire doctrine. The author then explores the collision between the DMCA and the idea/expression dichotomy by showing how the DMCA has impacted copyright law and how it intersects with …
Speaking Words Of Wisdom: Let It Be: The Reexamination Of The Human Embryonic Stem Cell Patents, Julia Vom Wege Dovi
Speaking Words Of Wisdom: Let It Be: The Reexamination Of The Human Embryonic Stem Cell Patents, Julia Vom Wege Dovi
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Embryonic stem cell research represents an area of scientific inquiry that bears great promise, and patent law ensures that stem cell technology is both protected and utilized to its fullest potential. This article analyzes why the USPTO should not invalidate or narrow three challenged stem cell patents owned by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) through the Public Patent Foundation. The author outlines the science behind stem cells, explains the applicable law, and articulates the policy considerations relevant to patent law and stem cells. Ultimately, the author argues that that the challenged patents should remain valid because they have not …
In Re Seagate: Did It Really Fix The Waiver Issue? A Short Review And Analysis Of Waiver Resulting From The Use Of A Counsel's Opinion Letter As A Defense To Willful Infringement, Dov Greenbaum
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The Federal Circuit, through its decision in Seagate, sought to clarify and definitively establish various consequences of an assertion of willful infringement by a patentee. This comment discusses the history and potential outcomes of the Seagate decision; first, by outlining basic issues of privilege and immunity and examining the history of uncertainty regarding waiver leading up to the Seagate decision. The remainder of the comment examines the potential outcomes of the decision, and presents possible resolutions to further resolve the issue and more fully repair attorney-client privilege and immunity.
Fixing Through Legislative Fixation: A Call For The Codification And Modernization Of The Staple Article Of Commerce Doctrine As It Applies To Copyright Law, Blake Evan Reese
Fixing Through Legislative Fixation: A Call For The Codification And Modernization Of The Staple Article Of Commerce Doctrine As It Applies To Copyright Law, Blake Evan Reese
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Courts have misinterpreted and disagreed over how to apply relevant principles of patent law to copyright cases in an effort to strike a balance between protecting copyright holders' rights without restricting innovation. The author argues that courts have inflicted damage upon the balance of copyright's competing policies, leaving copyright owners and technology innovators facing great uncertainty. The author's Comment addresses the development of the Staple Defense and the logical reasoning supporting a new legislative proposal.
The Extended Protection Of "Strong" Trademarks, Nicola Bottero, Andrea Mangani, Marco Ricolfi
The Extended Protection Of "Strong" Trademarks, Nicola Bottero, Andrea Mangani, Marco Ricolfi
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Economic investment in trademarks is not necessarily indicative of product quality, as trademark protection does not provide incentive for continuous product quality improvement. The authors begin their analysis by exploring the function of trademarks from the perspectives of traditional law and economics. Such an analysis points to a conflict between the legal and economic interpretation of the function of trademarks. Particularly, the authors suggest that the traditional economic perspective of trademarks fails to justify the legal existence of strong brands and their extensions. This argument is tested through the review of advertising, brand extension, and product quality literature. The authors …
Intellectual Property, Competition Rules, And The Emerging Internal Market: Some Thoughts On The European Exhaustion Doctrine, Guido Westkamp
Intellectual Property, Competition Rules, And The Emerging Internal Market: Some Thoughts On The European Exhaustion Doctrine, Guido Westkamp
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Although the European intellectual property law concept of the doctrine of exhaustion appears superficially straightforward, uncertainty as to its doctrinal foundations remains. The author explores the status of the doctrine, its interpretation and scope within European Community law, and the pertinent issues regarding the doctrine in relation to both domestic and cross-border issues. The complex structure of the doctrine of exhaustion has made it difficult to formulate more refined rules governing licensing provisions restricting the free circulation of goods. The result of this analysis indicates conflict between the freedom to provide goods and services under European Community law and classifying …
Finding Common Ground In The World Of Electronic Contracts: The Consistency Of Legal Reasoning In Clickwrap Cases, Robert Lee Dickens
Finding Common Ground In The World Of Electronic Contracts: The Consistency Of Legal Reasoning In Clickwrap Cases, Robert Lee Dickens
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Courts reviewing the enforceability of clickwrap agreements have relied upon the case law surrounding shrinkwrap cases in formulating their decisions. The author concludes that the legal reasoning behind the various clickwrap decisions has been relatively consistent, despite arguments made to the contrary. The author also asserts that clickwrap agreements are a legitimate form of contracting, and that objections to clickwrap are similar to objections to other forms of contracts.
Creating Consumer Confidence Or Confusion? The Role Of Product Certification In The Market Today, Mark R. Barron
Creating Consumer Confidence Or Confusion? The Role Of Product Certification In The Market Today, Mark R. Barron
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Product conformity assessment system changes in various countries have impacted the role of certification marks. The author explores whether the perceived value of product certification marks can sustain their high costs. The author further emphasizes the need, from both economic and legal perspectives, for manufacturers to implement global compliance strategies to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, selection of proper certification marks, and an efficient path through the conformity assessment process.
Copyright's Empire: Why The Law Matters, Alina Ng
Copyright's Empire: Why The Law Matters, Alina Ng
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Previous intellectual property literature demands a balance between incentives to produce for the creator of a work and access to information, knowledge, and content by the users. However, law and economics jurisprudence does not provide compelling arguments to support the notion that the copyright monopoly is the most efficient way to maximize public welfare by promoting the works of authors. The social cost from expansion of private rights is nonexistent because market structures change as technologies develop, providing society with increased accessibility to creative works. Accordingly, copyright laws need to expand as technology develops in order to realize a fair …
What Is Patentable Subject Matter? The Supreme Court Dismisses Labcorp V. Metabolite Laboratories, But The Issue Is Not Going Away, Sue Ann Mota
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Patent law seeks to strike a balance regarding patentable subject matter between overprotection, which can impede the free exchange of ideas, and under-protection, which can lessen the incentive to invent. This article summarizes the Supreme Court's recent decision to dismiss Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings v. Metabolite Laboratories, Inc., passing on the opportunity to consider the issue of what constitutes patentable subject matter under the Patent Act, and the author outlines recommendations for when the issue is raise by future litigants.
The Proper Scope Of Patentability In International Law, Shawn J. Kolitch
The Proper Scope Of Patentability In International Law, Shawn J. Kolitch
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Patent law encourages innovation, but the harm caused by some inventions may outweigh the benefits of disclosure. This article examines the environmental and public health consequences of patent laws around the world and argues that the patent incentive should be selectively removed to mitigate the harmful effects of granting patents without regard to the invention-specific impacts of doing so.
Why Do We Have Trade Secrets?, Michael Risch
Why Do We Have Trade Secrets?, Michael Risch
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Trade secrets are arguably the most important and most litigated form of intellectual property. This article explores the history of trade secret law in the United States and examines why it is that every state has opted to protect secret information, even though such protection is antithetical to the policies of access associated with patent law and non-protection of facts associated with copyright law.
International Copyright Law And Litigation: A Mechanism For Improvement, Roberto Garza Barbosa
International Copyright Law And Litigation: A Mechanism For Improvement, Roberto Garza Barbosa
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This article outlines the challenges of international copyright litigation and considers rights and remedies available under TRIPs and the laws of various national copyright statutes. To keep pace with new technology, the author proposes a mechanism for the enforcement of existing rights around the world, while counter the prevailing problems of the ease of infringement and expense of enforcement.
Breaking The Law To Break Into The Black: Patent Infringement As A Business Strategy , Eric C. Wrzesinski
Breaking The Law To Break Into The Black: Patent Infringement As A Business Strategy , Eric C. Wrzesinski
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Corporations and businesses make important decisions everyday that affect their financial viability and market image. This article analyzes the phenomenon of patent infringement, considering whether firms consciously decide to infringe certain patents as a sound business strategy, or whether such cases arise spontaneously due to incomplete and careless research of prior art by infringing firms. The author considers the extent to which patent infringement may remain an effective business strategy for technology-producing firms, even when not employed willfully, due to the inadequate deterrence function of current U.S. patent laws.
Gone In A Blink: The Overlooked Privacy Problems Caused By Contactless Payment Systems, Shane L. Smith
Gone In A Blink: The Overlooked Privacy Problems Caused By Contactless Payment Systems, Shane L. Smith
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The use of RFID technology in contactless payment devices presents an expanding menu of challenges and concerns to privacy advocates. While rapid, creative advances have been made by contactless payment system issuers, neither privacy advocates nor lawmakers have used the same creative visions to address the privacy problems caused by contactless payment systems. The author proposes a legislative response to address privacy concerns without stifling technological developments.
Reverse Engineering Of Computer Programs Under The Dmca: Recognizing A "Fair Access" Defense, Donna L. Lee
Reverse Engineering Of Computer Programs Under The Dmca: Recognizing A "Fair Access" Defense, Donna L. Lee
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Courts have consistently held that reverse engineering constitutes fair use under the Copyright Act. When Congress enacted the DMCA, it intended to codify the settled law. Nonetheless, the exemption Congress carved out for reverse engineering in the DMCA is too narrowly crafted to accommodate the many different purposes of reverse engineering. This Comment suggests that courts should develop a fair access defense for reverse engineering undertaken for purposes that do not satisfy the requirements of the DMCA exemption but do enable other, fair use-defensible uses of computer programs. The Comment outlines three factors to consider in applying a fair access …
All Rights Reserved? Cultural Monopoly And The Troubles With Copyright , Michael Geist
All Rights Reserved? Cultural Monopoly And The Troubles With Copyright , Michael Geist
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
With an increasing ease for one to download, trade and share information, there is also an increasing desire by companies, corporations and private interests to protect their works. In a time where everything can be commoditized and ideas can be bought and sold at a price, a question we must answer is - Who owns our creativity? Must all rights be reserved? This lecture explores the growth of the citizen journalist and the blossoming of independent creativity online. He also examines the concerns with copyright: how lobby groups have consistently pushed for ever stronger rules. Finally, Dr. Geist presents the …
The Effects Of The Corporate Diversification Trend On Trademarks, Katherine E. Halmen
The Effects Of The Corporate Diversification Trend On Trademarks, Katherine E. Halmen
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
In today's business world, companies are increasingly adopting diversification strategies through which they expand into diverse and unrelated business areas. Of additional importance with regard to trademarks and the future of trademark law is the fact that the trend toward corporate diversification is growing. To address the impact of the corporate diversification trend upon trademark law, courts have utilized various methodologies. Some courts have focused primarily upon the reasonably prudent consumer and how he or she is affected by corporate diversification. With regard to the use of trademarks on a variety of products, courts have often taken into account whether …
Conditioning Functionality: Untangling The Divergent Strands Of Argument Evidenced By Recent Case Law And Commentary , Justin Pats
Conditioning Functionality: Untangling The Divergent Strands Of Argument Evidenced By Recent Case Law And Commentary , Justin Pats
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The protection of trade dress has become increasingly clouded in recent years. A forcethe functionality doctrinehas been implemented to police this intersection between patent and trademark law. Unfortunately, courts have struggled to arrive at a common definition of functionality. This comment examines the functionality doctrine and proposes a four-factor decay test as a uniform approach to functionality. The test asks the following questions regarding a product feature: (1) Is it essential to the use or purpose of the article?; (2) Does it have any current market effect on the cost or quality of the article?; (3) Is there a significant …
Continuing Commercial Impression: Applications And Measurement , Gideon Mark, Jacob Jacoby
Continuing Commercial Impression: Applications And Measurement , Gideon Mark, Jacob Jacoby
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This Article examines applications and measurement of continuing commercial impression, which is the meaning or idea a trademark or trade dress conveys to consumers. The doctrine is relevant in a variety of contexts, including abandonment, tacking, claim preclusion, and the Morehouse defense. A number of courts considering the issue have concluded that continuing commercial impression is a pure question of law. This article argues that such a view is incorrect, and that the doctrine should present a mixed question of law and fact. In determining whether continuing commercial impression exists, the sole factor should not be the visual or aural …