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Articles 151 - 180 of 309
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Quilt Artists: Left Out In The Cold By The Visual Artists Rights Act Of 1990, Michelle Moran
Quilt Artists: Left Out In The Cold By The Visual Artists Rights Act Of 1990, Michelle Moran
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The United States Copyright Act with the inclusion of the Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 (VARA) gives sculptors, painters, and photographers a bundle of rights that include the moral rights of attribution and integrity. However, the artistic efforts of artists who create quilts, whether the original purpose was to hang the quilt on the wall or to provide warmth and comfort on a bed, are not included in VARA due to the exclusion of applied art from VARA. This Comment contends that the Congressional intent to protect the highly personal connection artists have to their creations supports extending the …
Actual Or Hypothetical: Determining The Proper Test For Trademark Licensee Rights In Bankruptcy, Laura D. Steele
Actual Or Hypothetical: Determining The Proper Test For Trademark Licensee Rights In Bankruptcy, Laura D. Steele
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
As trademark rights become an increasingly valuable asset in Chapter 11 reorganizations, it is critical for Congress and the courts to clarify how trademarks will be treated in bankruptcy, particularly where the debtor is a trademark licensee. Without clarity, Chapter 11 reorganization may not be a viable option. This Comment urges that trademark licensees should not be stripped of a license simply because the licensee enters bankruptcy. Rather, where a licensee intends only to continue using an existing license under the terms of the existing agreement with the licensor, the licensee's use of that license should be uninterrupted during reorganization. …
An Uncomfortable Fit?: Intellectual Property Policy And The Administrative State, Kali Murray, Sapna Kumar, Jason Mazzone, Hannibal Travis
An Uncomfortable Fit?: Intellectual Property Policy And The Administrative State, Kali Murray, Sapna Kumar, Jason Mazzone, Hannibal Travis
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The Southeastern Association of Law Schools (SEALS) panel responds to the considerable scholarship on the increasing integration of administrative law into intellectual property policy. The discussion was conducted August 4, 2009, as part of SEALS' day-long Intellectual Property Workshop in West Palm Beach, Florida. Kali Murray moderated the panel, which included Sapna Kumar, Jason Mazzone, Hannibal Travis, and Jasmine Abdel-khalik.
Lessons Learned From Fifteen Years In The Trenches Of Patent Litigation , Rick Mcdermott
Lessons Learned From Fifteen Years In The Trenches Of Patent Litigation , Rick Mcdermott
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Marquette Law alum and partner with Alston+Bird, LLP, offers insights into patent litigation. In his speech, given March 5, 2010, McDermott examines how patent law developments such as Markman v. Westview Instruments, Cybor Corp. v. FAS Technologies, Inc., and In re Seagate have impacted the practice of patent infringement litigation.
Utilitarian Information Works - Is Originality The Proper Lens?, Dana Beldiman
Utilitarian Information Works - Is Originality The Proper Lens?, Dana Beldiman
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
As the information society advances, vastly increased numbers of utilitarian information works (UIW) are being produced. In general, these works are deemed protected by copyright law, even though the philosophical underpinnings of copyright law clash with the attributes of UIW. This Article examines the cause for the uneasy relationship between UIW and the concept of originality. Part I discusses the role of information and UIW as one of the core wealth-producing assets of the knowledge-based economy. This economy is characterized by a rapid pace of innovation, which in turn, requires unrestricted access to information. Part II examines copyright law as …
Fixing Our Broken Patent System, Jay Dratler
Fixing Our Broken Patent System, Jay Dratler
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This short Article digests what the Author see as the most important substantive criticism and proposes specific solutions in the form of the "guts" of a new patent statute. Its statutory proposal tracks the current statute's organization and has numerous annotations explaining what is the same, what is changed and why, and what never-before-codified principles of judge-made law are explicitly codified. Among the proposed statute's fundamental changes are: (1) explicit restrictions on patentable subject matter to avoid patents on bare abstractions; (2) adoption of a first-to-file system requiring worldwide novelty; (3) abolition of the doctrine of constructive reduction to practice …
Generic Entry In A Rough Economy - Proposed Legislation May Ease Health Care Costs, Laura J. Grebe
Generic Entry In A Rough Economy - Proposed Legislation May Ease Health Care Costs, Laura J. Grebe
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
When generic drugs seek FDA approval, the pharmaceutical company files an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), in which the generic company establishes bioequivalence to its usually patented counterpart. The ANDA filer must also certify that, to the best of the filer's knowledge, the generic will not infringe on a current patent-holder's rights. This can be done by showing (1) no patent on the product exists, (2) the patent is expired, (3) the patent will expire by the time the generic is marketed, or (4) the ANDA filer believes the patent is invalid - called a Paragraph IV certification. A Paragraph …
Complimentary Creation: Protecting Fan Fiction As Fair Use, Rachel L. Stroude
Complimentary Creation: Protecting Fan Fiction As Fair Use, Rachel L. Stroude
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This Comment discusses, by focusing on the treatment of fan fiction, the tension a court faces each time it encounters a fair use doctrine analysis. First, this Comment describes the nature of fan fiction, the two types of fan fiction referential works and participatory works, and the potential commerciality of fan fiction. Second, this Comment analyzes courts' treatment of referential works and explains why courts have not encountered participatory works. Next, this Comment discusses that while courts have guided authors of referential works regarding how to create a non-infringing work, courts have yet to consider how to protect participatory works. …
Emerging Scholars Series: A Re-Examination Of The Original Foundations Of Anglo-American Trademark Law, Cesar Ramirez-Montes
Emerging Scholars Series: A Re-Examination Of The Original Foundations Of Anglo-American Trademark Law, Cesar Ramirez-Montes
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Contemporary accounts of the normative basis of Anglo-American trademark law frequently describe the purpose of the legal doctrine as having developed to protect primarily the consumers from being misled. Recently, some commentators have offered a different account of the law, as having developed to protect mainly the interests of the traders in not having their trade diverted. Under this account, early trademark law served one master only, the producer, with any additional benefit or protection to consumers being unintended. In this Article, the Author challenges both accounts and suggest that early trademark law was not driven by any judicial desire …
Online Auction House Liability For The Sale Of Trademark Infringing Products, Allison N. Ziegler
Online Auction House Liability For The Sale Of Trademark Infringing Products, Allison N. Ziegler
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
With the rise of the Internet, trademark owners have seen an increase in online trademark infringement. This Comment examines online auction house liability for the sale of trademark infringing products and the methodology used by courts in making this determination. The author outlines contributory trademark jurisprudence in the United States and France and the application of this jurisprudence in Tiffany v. EBay and LVMH v. EBay, respectively. The article then evaluates the implications of the two approaches to determine which approach is more practical and effective. The author concludes that online auction houses should not be liable for trademark infringement …
The Copyright Revision Act Of 2026, Jessica Litman
The Copyright Revision Act Of 2026, Jessica Litman
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
American copyright law is broken. In fact, its failings are leading lawyers and scholars to find resourceful strategies to work around the deficiencies in the current state of the law. These strategies, the lecturer argues, indicate that a fundamental overhaul of copyright law is imminent. After lamenting the disconnect between academia and the practicing bar and examining the present laws' shortcomings felt by authors, distributors, and consumers alike, the lecturer provides three goals a new copyright regime should meet. First, copyright law should be more easily accessible and, likewise, understandable for non-lawyers. Second, the new copyright laws should reduce the …
Rethinking Patent Fraud Enforcement In A Reform Era, Kali Murray, Dmitriy Vinarov
Rethinking Patent Fraud Enforcement In A Reform Era, Kali Murray, Dmitriy Vinarov
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This Article contends that, while the defense of inequitable conduct offers an avenue to combat fraudulent patent applications, the doctrine suffers from shortcomings that spring from two compromises. First, the amorphous nature of the equitable defense prompts institutional conflict between the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Federal Circuit. Second, by relegating enforcement solely to a patentee's market competitors, the defense fails to protect the public interest adequately. In light of these compromises, the authors propose two goals to guide current reform efforts in Congress. Initially, Congress's attempt to reform patent fraud enforcement should relieve the aforementioned institutional …
Trademark Fair Use: Braun® Versus The Bunny, Vanessa P. Rollins
Trademark Fair Use: Braun® Versus The Bunny, Vanessa P. Rollins
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Nominative fair use is a contentious issue in the field of trademark law. Manufacturers of original products who oppose the use of their actual products in advertisements for complementary goods often resort to the Lanham Act to prevent such practices. Courts have found the use of another's product in the advertising of complementary goods falls outside the nominative fair use defense. This article examines the nominative fair use defense and whether nominative fair use should encompass such uses.
Toward A More Reliable Fact-Finder In Patent Litigation, Amy Tindell
Toward A More Reliable Fact-Finder In Patent Litigation, Amy Tindell
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Juries have been perceived as a blessing and a curse. They are perceived differently in different areas of law. For example, practitioners in patent law view juries in a negative light as the fact finders. In accordance with this view, Federal Courts of Appeals have begun to narrow the role of juries in patent trials. This paper follows the development of the Seventh Amendment in the patent context and its current status. This paper then proposes a system similar to peer-review to replace the traditional jury in patent trials.
Not All Grace Periods Are Created Equal: Building A Grace Period From The Ground Up, Renee E. Metzler
Not All Grace Periods Are Created Equal: Building A Grace Period From The Ground Up, Renee E. Metzler
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The grace period for patent application filing is the amount of time a patent applicant has to file the application after the invention has been disclosed to the public. The rules and amount of time allowed vary greatly among countries. This comment explores the theoretical justifications for a grace period, the structural elements of a grace period, and other approaches to a grace period used in countries outside of the United States. The author proposes an ideal grace period model that would create international harmonization.
Fixing Continuing Application Practice At The Uspto, Kevin Rizzuto
Fixing Continuing Application Practice At The Uspto, Kevin Rizzuto
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Controversy surrounds continuing application practice at the United States Patent & Trademark Office. Legal scholars highlight problems with continuing application practice and ways that applicants abuse the system. Patent practitioners admit that continuing application abuses exist, yet believe that establishing limits on continuing application practice would lead to an increase in appeals to the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences. The USPTO attributes much of its continually growing backlog to the volume of continuing applications and requests for continued examinations, and published Proposed Rules to limit continuing applications. Legal scholars and the USPTO propose solutions that are too restrictive on …
Three Cases: A Practitioner's Life In Copyright, Mary Jane Sanders
Three Cases: A Practitioner's Life In Copyright, Mary Jane Sanders
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
In this speech, the lecturer highlights three influential Supreme Court decisions on copyright law and explains how these cases have influenced her career. The lecturer explains that the highlighted cases had a lasting impact on the intellectual property world and are still applicable to today's copyright practitioners. Even though intellectual property law now involves more cutting edge technology, issues such as copyright infringement, copyright ownership, and the award of attorney fees will always be fundamental to any copyright litigation.
What Goes Around, Comes Around: How Indian Tribes Can Profit In The Aftermath Of Seminole Tribe And Florida Prepaid, Jeremiah A. Bryar
What Goes Around, Comes Around: How Indian Tribes Can Profit In The Aftermath Of Seminole Tribe And Florida Prepaid, Jeremiah A. Bryar
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Of the approximate 1.5 million American Indians living in the United States only 403,714 were employed in 2001 and nearly one-third of them lived below the poverty line. This article explains that one possible solution to American Indian poverty is the creation of sovereign chartered research groups that would be shielded by tribal sovereign immunity. In patent law there are exceptions to a patent owner's ability to bring a successful suit against patent infringers. One of these exceptions is when a sovereign, such as an American Indian tribe, infringes on a patent owner's patent. Tribal sovereign immunity means that American …
International Legal Protection Of Trademarks In China, Robert H. Hu
International Legal Protection Of Trademarks In China, Robert H. Hu
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
In China, the concept of intellectual property is relatively new. Chinese officials began taking steps towards trademark regulations in the 1950s, but it was not until 1982 that the first Chinese Trademark Law was enacted. Today, because of the growing global economy, China has had the highest number of trademark requests in the world for the fifth year in a row. In response to domestic and international pressures, Chinese trademark law and courts have had to adapt to the ever-changing landscape. This article first examines the development of Chinese intellectual property law through the international trademark agreements where China is …
Nanobiotechnology, Synthetic Biology, And Rnai: Patent Portfolios For Maximal Near-Term Commercialization And Commons For Maximal Long-Term Medical Gain, Thomas M. Mackey
Nanobiotechnology, Synthetic Biology, And Rnai: Patent Portfolios For Maximal Near-Term Commercialization And Commons For Maximal Long-Term Medical Gain, Thomas M. Mackey
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This article examines patent portfolio construction and management of three nascent technologies: nanobiotechnology, synthetic biology, and interference RNA. The author outlines how a practitioner can use patent portfolios to help his or her client to maximize long-term gain. Finally, the article advocates changes that would remove barriers to patentability and increase patent quality.
Navigating The Safe Harbor Rule: The Need For A Dmca Compass, Tiffany N. Beaty
Navigating The Safe Harbor Rule: The Need For A Dmca Compass, Tiffany N. Beaty
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The internet is a medium for more than just email and web browsing. Today, many internet users utilize the internet to access and share music, movies, and other types of media. Copyright law has attempted to keep up with the dynamic nature of the internet; however, this Comment posits it has only been marginally successful. The author examines whether the Safe Harbor Rule of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) is sufficient in balancing the need to protect copyright owners against the need for Internet Service Providers to be protected from third-party user suits. In doing so, the author concludes …
Emerging Scholars Series: Cross-Border Injunctions In U.S. Patent Cases And Their Enforcement Abroad, Marketa Trimble
Emerging Scholars Series: Cross-Border Injunctions In U.S. Patent Cases And Their Enforcement Abroad, Marketa Trimble
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Injunctions enforcing a patentee's right to exclude provide an incentive to invent; however, injunctions are only effective if they can be enforced. Enforcing an injunction becomes problematic when other jurisdictions are involved, yet plaintiffs request such injunctions despite the potential inherent difficulties of cross-border enforcement. The author empirically analyzes the number and types of cross-border injunctions issued in the United States against foreign entities by discussing methods of enforcing injunctions abroad and the difficulties inherent in those methods. Comparing cases of cross-border injunctions issued by European courts, the author reviews the controversial pan-European injunction that covers not only the territory …
Rethinking The Role Of Clinical Trial Data In International Intellectual Property Law: The Case For A Public Goods Approach, Jerome H. Reichman
Rethinking The Role Of Clinical Trial Data In International Intellectual Property Law: The Case For A Public Goods Approach, Jerome H. Reichman
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Clinical trials are currently used to test drugs; however, the risk and cost of clinical trials are increasing so drastically that the clinical trials may become unsustainable. This article evaluates the legal and economic trends of intellectual property protection for pharmaceutical clinical trial data. The protection of clinical trials has become an alternative to patents as market exclusivity encourages the development and testing of unpatentable pharmaceuticals. This author argues that clinical trials should be treated as a national and international public good instead of a private good and proposes that the government should oversee and fund the clinical trials to …
The Experimental Use Exception And Undergraduate Engineering Projects, Henry L. Welch
The Experimental Use Exception And Undergraduate Engineering Projects, Henry L. Welch
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
The experimental use exception was originally conceived as a defense applicable when the infringing activities were philosophical. Over time the exception has evolved into a test of the profit motives of the infringer. Despite their status as non-profits, universities now find themselves under the same narrow interpretation of the experimental use exception as previously applied only to profit-seeking businesses. This article explains that the experimental use exception is still a viable defense to patent infringement for a student-sponsored capstone senior design project. In a student-sponsored capstone senior design project, the impetus and general direction of the project are provided almost …
Intellectual Property Rights And Global Warming, Estaelle Derclaye
Intellectual Property Rights And Global Warming, Estaelle Derclaye
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
Global warming is an issue that is everywhere in today's society. This article examines whether intellectual property rights could be the solution to the global warming problem. The article limits its discussion to patent and copyright law and explores solutions to global warming that are applicable in Europe. The author suggests that these recommendations could influence other countries to make their intellectual property rights greener, as intellectual property rights are based on international instruments and universal agreements that could apply in any country. The article examines how current copyright and patent laws already tackle global warming and explains how these …
Phillips V. Awh, Corp., A Doctrine Of Equivalents Case?, Natalie Sturicz
Phillips V. Awh, Corp., A Doctrine Of Equivalents Case?, Natalie Sturicz
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
For a number of years, U.S. courts have noted that the doctrine of equivalents has been unworkable. This article explains that as American courts move toward a more holistic approach to claim interpretation, the doctrine of equivalents will become increasingly unnecessary as a means of expanding patent scope. The author asserts that adopting a "person having ordinary skill in the art" approach to claim interpretation and eliminating the doctrine of equivalents in patent infringement cases would benefit patent law in several ways: (1) when courts interpret patent claims from the perspective of a person reasonably skilled in the art, patentees …