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Articles 2701 - 2730 of 2867
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Right On The Mark: Defining The Nexus Between Trademarks And Internet Domain Names, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 277 (1997), G. Peter Albert Jr.
Right On The Mark: Defining The Nexus Between Trademarks And Internet Domain Names, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 277 (1997), G. Peter Albert Jr.
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The Internet is a rapidly expanding global network. The Internet provides a virtual marketplace in which many small companies are given the opportunity to have increased leverage to compete with their larger corporate counterparts. Businesses are establishing their presence on the Internet through the creation of a domain name. The domain name is an alphanumeric address that identifies a specific location on the Internet. Each domain name reflects a distinct address that distinguishes it from any other. Similarly, qualification of a word or symbol as a trademark must include the following three elements: (1) "function" to identify and distinguish the …
A Request To The High Court: Don't Let The Patent Laws Be Distracted By A Flashy Trade Dress, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 323 (1997), Manotti L. Jenkins
A Request To The High Court: Don't Let The Patent Laws Be Distracted By A Flashy Trade Dress, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 323 (1997), Manotti L. Jenkins
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, in Vornado Air Circulation Systems Inc. v. Duracraft Corp., held in the negative the issue of "whether a product configuration is entitled to trade dress protection when it is or has been a significant inventive component of an invention covered by a utility patent." The court viewed the case involved as an issue of the "intersection of the Patent Act and the Lanham Trade-Mark Act," and reasoned that "patent policy dictates" that the Patent Act should prevail in these situations. The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari upon appeal by …
A Primer On Trademark Law And Internet Addresses, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 465 (1997), David J. Loundy
A Primer On Trademark Law And Internet Addresses, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 465 (1997), David J. Loundy
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The conflicts arising over Internet addresses generally fall within four categories: trademarks as second-level domains; second-level domains that are similar to trademarks; trademarks as third-level domain/machine names; and trademarks as userIDs. When confronted with the four categories, a court will generally analyze the problem by looking at the likelihood of confusion, applying the dilution statutes, and determining if the trademark has been blurred or tarnished. The likelihood of confusion analysis looks at: the degree of similarity between the marks in appearance and suggestion; the similarity of the product or services; the area and manner of concurrent use; the degree of …
Orderly Expansion Of The International Top-Level Domains: Concurrent Trademark Users Need A Way Out Of The Internet Trademark Quagmire, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 521 (1997), David B. Nash
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
Organizations that want to conduct business on the Internet have to register with Network Solutions, Inc. (NSI). The Internet was created as a network designed by the Defense Department to test a fail safe network. The National Science Foundation connects to the Internet five supercomputing centers, which connects most public colleges to the Internet. The World Wide Web was the first service that was opened to individuals and for commercial use. Commercial success on the Internet depends on the ease with which consumers can find the organization on-line. If the company has established good will in the public, the company …
The Copyright Battle: Emerging International Rules And Roadblocks On The Global Information Infrastructure, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 759 (1997), Stephen Fraser
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
This article discusses intellectual property rights on the Global Information Infrastructure (GII) as affected by the evolution of the Internet. It outlines the battle between the advocates of total copyright protection and the advocates of minimal copyright protection. The article examines all of the proposed national and international laws affecting copyright protection on the GII, beginning with the minimal protections outlined in the Berne Convention and the problems involved in its enforcement and continuing with its successors, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO). The article reviews the history of international copyright protection and the different …
The West German Smorgasbord Approach To Intellectual Property Protection Of Computer Software, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 883 (1997), Larry N. Woodard
The West German Smorgasbord Approach To Intellectual Property Protection Of Computer Software, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 883 (1997), Larry N. Woodard
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
There is a lack of efficient protection for intellectual property within the computer software medium. Intellectual property of computer software has traditionally been protected by copyrights and relatively recently has been afforded protection of its intellectual property via patents. The distinction between a computer's hardware and a computer's software is decreasing; likewise, the distinction for such protection, namely patents and copyrights, respectively, should be decreased or eliminated, as well. After a brief comparative analysis of patent and copyright protection for computer software, an alternative to the current system of protection for software intellectual property exists. The nature of the software …
The Name Is Not Always The Same, Neal J. Friedman, Kevin Siebert
The Name Is Not Always The Same, Neal J. Friedman, Kevin Siebert
Seattle University Law Review
This Article explores the present Internet addressing system, the history of trademark disputes on the Internet, and proposals for resolving these disputes. Part I provides a brief history of the Internet, discusses its addressing system, and explains the use of domain names as identifiers for companies on the Internet. Part II introduces the current system for registering Internet domain names and the problems associated with its structure. Part III gives a brief background of trademark law and tracks the evolution of disputes that have arisen as a result of the intersection of the Internet and trademark law. Finally, Part IV …
Legal Aspects - Software Reverse Engineering And Copyright: Past, Present And Future, 31 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1 (1997), Brian C. Behrens, Reuven R. Levary
Legal Aspects - Software Reverse Engineering And Copyright: Past, Present And Future, 31 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1 (1997), Brian C. Behrens, Reuven R. Levary
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Suing An Infringing Competitor's Customers: Or, Life Under The Single Recovery Rule, 31 J. Marshall L. Rev. 19 (1997), Jessica W. Young, Jerry R. Selinger
Suing An Infringing Competitor's Customers: Or, Life Under The Single Recovery Rule, 31 J. Marshall L. Rev. 19 (1997), Jessica W. Young, Jerry R. Selinger
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Internet And Its Legal Ramifications In Taiwan, George C.C. Chen
The Internet And Its Legal Ramifications In Taiwan, George C.C. Chen
Seattle University Law Review
Part I of this Article briefly introduces the five main legal issues related to Internet use in Taiwan. Part II discusses network-related copyright issues, including the doctrine of fair use, personal and corporate use of the Internet, and one of the first court cases in Taiwan on this issue. Part III discusses issues arising from commercial activity on the Internet, including the validity of on-line contracts, the use of digital signatures for authentication, and the applicability of Taiwan's Broadcasting and Television Law, Cable Television Law, and Fair Trade Law to regulating commercial advertising on the Internet. Part IV discusses the …
Keynote Colloquy: Finding Justice In The Internet Dimension, Hon. Alex Kozinski
Keynote Colloquy: Finding Justice In The Internet Dimension, Hon. Alex Kozinski
Seattle University Law Review
The Internet community—just like all other speech communities—ought to be afforded First Amendment protections. I don't see any reason why Internet speech should be treated any less favorably than other kinds of speech. But the vastly overblown claim that the communications medium somehow deserves to be put outside normal legal constraints--because it's so global, or because it's so different—is self-defeating. It substitutes generalities and sentiments for real thinking. The kind of analysis we've seen at this conference—the kind of debate we've had here—is very useful, because we're talking about the specifics of what legal constraints should be allowed. Not whether …
Cyberspace Must Exceed Its Grasp, Or What's A Metaphor? Tropes, Trips And Stumbles On The Info Highway, Robert C. Cumbow
Cyberspace Must Exceed Its Grasp, Or What's A Metaphor? Tropes, Trips And Stumbles On The Info Highway, Robert C. Cumbow
Seattle University Law Review
This Essay will focus on three metaphors, and show briefly how the arguments that copyright law is “unworkable” in the Internet context are based on a misreading of these metaphors. The first metaphor is the use of the term “cyberspace” to apply to the Internet; the second is the tendency to describe Internet communication as “going” somewhere. Both of these metaphors mistakenly suggest a space in which enforcement—and, indeed, violation—of any law is impossible. The third metaphor is the “wine and bottles” analogy, set forth by John Perry Barlow in his widely circulated article, “The Economy of Ideas," to show …
Genomic Patents And Product Development Incentives, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Genomic Patents And Product Development Incentives, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Book Chapters
Patents on human genetic information have been controversial among different groups for different reasons. The purpose of a patent system is to motivate the commercial development of new technologies; it is thus unsurprising that those who have fundamental misgivings about commercial biotechnology would oppose gene patents. More intriguing is the controversy over gene patenting among those who welcome the commercial development of biotechnology products by private firms. While many proponents of commercial biotechnology assert that gene patents are essential to motivate product development, some have expressed more nuanced views, endorsing patents under some circumstances and condemning them as unnecessary or …
Computer Science Concepts In Copyright Cases: The Path To A Coherent Law, Marci A. Hamilton, Ted Sabety
Computer Science Concepts In Copyright Cases: The Path To A Coherent Law, Marci A. Hamilton, Ted Sabety
Articles
No abstract provided.
Privileged Use: Has Judge Boudin Suggested A Viable Means Of Copyright Protection For The Nonliteral Aspects Of Computer Software In Lotus Development Corp.V. Borland International , David M. Maiorana
Privileged Use: Has Judge Boudin Suggested A Viable Means Of Copyright Protection For The Nonliteral Aspects Of Computer Software In Lotus Development Corp.V. Borland International , David M. Maiorana
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Intellectual Property Issues In Genomics, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Intellectual Property Issues In Genomics, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
Controversy over intellectual property rights in the results of large-scale cDNA sequencing raises intriguing questions about the roles of the public and private sectors in genomics research, and about who stands to benefit (and who stands to lose) from the private appropriation of genomic information. While the US Patent and Trademark Office has rejected patent applications on cDNA fragments of unknown function from the National Institutes of Health, private firms have pursued three distinct strategies for exploiting unpatented cDNA sequence information: exclusive licensing, non-exclusive licensing and dedication to the public domain.
Global Technological Integration, Intellectual Property Rights, And Competition Law: Some Introductory Comments, David J. Gerber
Global Technological Integration, Intellectual Property Rights, And Competition Law: Some Introductory Comments, David J. Gerber
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Commercial Transactions On The Global Information Infrastructure: A European Perspective, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 269 (1996), Christopher Millard, Robert Carolina
Commercial Transactions On The Global Information Infrastructure: A European Perspective, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 269 (1996), Christopher Millard, Robert Carolina
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
In an attempt to facilitate a single European marketplace, EU directives tried to amend its laws and regulations to accommodate the ever-advancing technology of the Internet. In tackling the issues, the authors discuss different layers of the Internet as laying the foundation for further analysis. Digital data networks are virtual networks; they are composed of a series of unrelated networks with each potentially owned and operated by different person. While the physical layers of such networks are important, the focus of this article is on the data layer: the layer that packages the data in a very efficient manner. This …
Patent Reexamination And The Pto: Compton's Patent Invalidated At The Commissioner's Request, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 379 (1996), Terri Suzette Hughes
Patent Reexamination And The Pto: Compton's Patent Invalidated At The Commissioner's Request, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 379 (1996), Terri Suzette Hughes
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
In 1985, two executives at Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. introduced the idea of a multimedia search system that interfaxed textual and graphical entry paths in a single database. At that time, Encyclopedia Britannica was not interested in publishing its own volumes of encyclopedias in an electronic format. Instead, they decided to make Compton’s Encyclopedia the basis of the proposed multimedia encyclopedia. On August 31, 1993, the PTO issued U.S. patent 5,241,671 for a multimedia search system to fourteen inventors who had previously assigned all their patent rights of the claimed invention to Encyclopedia Britannica. Questions arose about the validity of the …
Software Protection Against Third Parties In Belgium, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 661 (1996), Philipe Péters, Florence Verhoestraete
Software Protection Against Third Parties In Belgium, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 661 (1996), Philipe Péters, Florence Verhoestraete
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
On June 30, 1994, Belgium became the first nation in Europe that incorporated Directive 91/250/EEC into a specific law, the "Software Act." Unlike many other countries that deal with copyright issues involving software, Belgium enacted the Software Act to satisfy the practical and specific need to protect software. In this introductory article on Belgium’s protection of software, the author discusses the main provisions of the Software Act while making reference to the Copyright Act since computer programs are also protectable through patent, trademark or unfair competition laws. In furthering its commitment under the Berne Convention, Belgium enacted the Software Act …
Intellectual Property Protection Of Software In Canada, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 673 (1996), A. David Morrow, P. Bradley Limpert
Intellectual Property Protection Of Software In Canada, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 673 (1996), A. David Morrow, P. Bradley Limpert
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
In Canada, the Criminal Code and the Copyright Act explicitly protect computer software programs while existing patent, trademark/trade secret and fiduciary duty laws also extent their protection to computer software. In this article, the author gives an overview of computer software protection under Canadian laws and analyzes courts’ applications of these laws to software by examining several caselaws. Computer software may be protected as trade secrets and thus may be part of a contractual agreement between parties. In the absence of an explicit agreement, Canadian laws imposes an implied non-disclosure duty on employees concerning trade secrets acquired in the scope …
The Protection Of Computer Software In The People's Republic Of China: Current Law & Case Developments In The "One-Copy" Country, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 695 (1996), Geoffrey T. Willard
The Protection Of Computer Software In The People's Republic Of China: Current Law & Case Developments In The "One-Copy" Country, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 695 (1996), Geoffrey T. Willard
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
Since late 1970s, the Chinese economy has grown tremendously. Meanwhile, its intellectual property has also improved as a consequence of foreign pressures on the so-called “one-copy” country. China protects computer software under its copyright law, but the protection contains numerous loopholes which render its broad purpose meaningless. While the Act protects software in general, specific aspects of that protection are treated separately. The Act also creates exceptions and uses ambiguous terms to give the government leeway to reap fruits of software engineers without compensating it. In analyzing litigated software infringement cases, the author, though praising the impact of the decisions, …
Intellectual Property Protection Of Software In Ireland, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 717 (1996), Francis Hackett
Intellectual Property Protection Of Software In Ireland, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 717 (1996), Francis Hackett
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
There are over eight thousand people in Ireland employed in the software industry by several multinational corporations, including Microsoft, Novell, Lotus and Corel. Although there has not yet been much Irish case law addressing the protection of computer software, there are adequate statutory protections in place. The Directive on the Legal Protection of Computer Programs (“Regulations”) provides copyright protection for all original computer programs. Ideas and underlying principles are not protected by copyright under the Regulations but the English High Court has clarified this general rule by stating detailed ideas may be copyrighted. The Regulations provide some exclusive rights to …
Computer Software Protection In The Netherlands, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 725 (1996), Jaap H. Spoor
Computer Software Protection In The Netherlands, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 725 (1996), Jaap H. Spoor
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
This article provides an overview of the laws currently in use for the protection of the intellectual property of software in the Netherlands. The analysis focuses primarily on all aspects of copyright law, which include sources of copyright law, protectable subject matter, ownership and transfer of copyright and licensing, economic rights and user's prerogatives, moral rights, copyright infringement in computer software and remedies for infringement. The article also briefly discusses other methods of protection for the intellectual property of computer software in the Netherlands, including patents, trade secrets, semiconductor chip protection and trademarks.
Software Protection In The Commonwealth Of Puerto Rico, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 745 (1996), Diego A. Ramos
Software Protection In The Commonwealth Of Puerto Rico, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 745 (1996), Diego A. Ramos
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
This article begins by examining the unique political circumstances of Puerto Rico, as a territory of the United States. It then explains the different federal and national systems that govern patent and copyright protection in Puerto Rico. The article details the conflict between the two systems and outlines the way the federal laws of the United States take precedent over the local laws of Puerto Rico in the areas of copyright and trademark. It analyzes the laws of Puerto Rico which provide protection for "moral rights" in the European tradition, which the United States does not recognize. The article also …
Intellectual Property Protection For Software In Spain, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 767 (1996), Hugo Ecija
Intellectual Property Protection For Software In Spain, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 767 (1996), Hugo Ecija
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The author provides a brief overview of Spain’s intellectual property protection of software. The author discusses Act 22/87 which is the foundation of copyright law in Spain and regulates all kinds of works; literary, artistic, and scientific. In Spain, copyright laws protect computer programs as literary works. The broad definition of a "computer program" includes the object code as well as the source code, operating system programs, the microcode within the central processing unit, and the programming language and interface. As a member of the European Community (EC), Spain enacted "Directive 91/250" for legal protection of computer programs. The author …
The Protection Of Information Technology In A Culturally Diverse Marketplace, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. Law 129 (1996), Doris E. Long
The Protection Of Information Technology In A Culturally Diverse Marketplace, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. Law 129 (1996), Doris E. Long
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
As we approach the year 2001, one of the critical issues facing the international community is the level and scope of protection to be afforded technology and technology based products. Technology and property laws share a unique relationship. Intellectual property laws serve as a potential source for technology protection. Technology if subject to protection is generally protectable under a country's patent or copyright for compact disc recordings. In addition to the forms of intellectual property, many nations also provide protection for the "rights neighboring" to traditional intellectual property rights. The absence of a uniform definition for traditional forms of intellectual …
Copying To Compete: The Tension Between Copyright Protection & Antitrust Policy In Recent Non-Literal Computer Program Copyright Infringement Cases, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 171 (1996), Mark L. Gordon
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
A conflict exists between copyright law and antitrust policy. The conflict arises because pursuant to the Copyright Act, a copyright owner basically has a monopoly on the work's circulation throughout the market. Copyright protection benefits the owner and the public. Antitrust laws have the same goals. However, the antitrust laws balance these goals with competition in the market. Furthermore, computer programs complicate matters because the programs create a different problem than with other types of works. The Copyright Act states that "expression" is copyrightable and "ideas" are not. Computer programs, however, combine expression and ideas. Three types of copying are …
Patents: Help Or Hindrance To Technology Transfer?, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Patents: Help Or Hindrance To Technology Transfer?, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Book Chapters
Intellectual property is a broad heading used to refer to a wide variety of rights associated with inventions, discoveries, writings, artistic works, product designs, and designations of the source of goods and services. Patents and trade secrets are the most important of these sorts of intellectual properties in the field of biotechnology. One aspect of intellectual property that distinguishes it sharply from other forms of property-and for some people makes it harder to justify-is that intellectual properties may be possessed and used by many people simultaneously. This is not so for tangible property. If someone borrows my car, I cannot …
Intellectual Property At The Public-Private Divide: The Case Of Large-Scale Cdna Sequencing, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Intellectual Property At The Public-Private Divide: The Case Of Large-Scale Cdna Sequencing, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
The Human Genome Project provides fertile ground for studying the role of intellectual property at the wavering boundary between public and private research science. It involves a major commitment of both public and private research funds in an area that is of significant interest both to research scientists working in university and government laboratories and to commercial firms. It thus provides a wealth of new scientific discoveries that are simultaneously potential candidates for commercial development and inputs into further research. Its obvious implications for human health raise the stakes of getting the balance between private property and public access right, …