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Articles 2671 - 2700 of 2867
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Deleting The Bolar Amendment To The Hatch-Waxman Act: Harmonizing Pharmaceutical Patent Protection In A Global Village, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 751 (1999), Ned Milenkovich
Deleting The Bolar Amendment To The Hatch-Waxman Act: Harmonizing Pharmaceutical Patent Protection In A Global Village, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 751 (1999), Ned Milenkovich
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Licensed To Steal: Has Sovereign Immunity Gone Too Far, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 779 (1999), Sulaiman M. Qazi
Licensed To Steal: Has Sovereign Immunity Gone Too Far, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 779 (1999), Sulaiman M. Qazi
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
It's A Wonderful Genome: The Written-Description Requirement Protects The Human Genome From Overly-Broad Patents, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 805 (1999), Emanuel Vacchiano
It's A Wonderful Genome: The Written-Description Requirement Protects The Human Genome From Overly-Broad Patents, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 805 (1999), Emanuel Vacchiano
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Copyright Legislation For The "Digital Millennium", Jane C. Ginsburg
Copyright Legislation For The "Digital Millennium", Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
In October 1998, Congress passed two major copyright bills, the "Digital Millennium Copyright Act" [DMCA], and the "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act." Moreover, the Senate ratified U.S. accession to the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties. The DMCA implements the obligations set forth in articles 11 and 12 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty [WCT] (and articles 18 and 19 of the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty [WPPTI) to protect technological measures against circumvention, and to protect "copyright management information" against removal or alteration that facilitates infringement. The DMCA also includes a chapter on the liability of online service …
Judge Versus Jury On The Scales Of Justice: 35 U.S.C. 112, 6 Equivalents In The Balance, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 833 (1999), Robert N. Young
Judge Versus Jury On The Scales Of Justice: 35 U.S.C. 112, 6 Equivalents In The Balance, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 833 (1999), Robert N. Young
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Art And The Marketplace Of Expression, Marcie A. Hamilton
Art And The Marketplace Of Expression, Marcie A. Hamilton
Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Legal Infrastructure Of High Technology Industrial Districts: Silicon Valley, Route 128, And Covenants Not To Compete, Ronald J. Gilson
The Legal Infrastructure Of High Technology Industrial Districts: Silicon Valley, Route 128, And Covenants Not To Compete, Ronald J. Gilson
Faculty Scholarship
In recent years, scholars and policymakers have rediscovered the concept of industrial districts – spatial concentrations of firms in the same industry or related industries. In this Article, Professor Gilson examines te relationship between high-technology industrial districts and legal infrastructure by comparing the legal regimes of California's Silicon Valley and Massachusetts's Route 128. He contends that legal rides governing employee mobility influence the dynamics of high technology industrial districts by either encouraging rapid employee movement between employers and to startups, as in Silicon Valley, or discouraging such movement, as in Route 128. Because California does not enforce post-employment covenants not …
Lochner In Cyberspace: The New Economic Orthodoxy Of "Rights Management", Julie E. Cohen
Lochner In Cyberspace: The New Economic Orthodoxy Of "Rights Management", Julie E. Cohen
Michigan Law Review
Ninety-three years ago, in Lochner v. New York, the Supreme Court struck down a maximum-working-hours law for bakers as an impermissible invasion of employer-employee liberty of contract and, by implication, of the employer's property rights in his business. Lochner came to symbolize, and was vilified for, a vision of state power as rigidly circumscribed by the operation of judicially-determined laws of social ordering. By the late 1930s, the Court had changed course and accepted that the states' police power - or, in the case of Congress, the commerce power - encompassed even protective regulation of the parameters of the private …
Everybody's Got Something To Hide Except Me And My Patented Monkey: Patentability Of Cloned Organisms, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 971 (1998), Timothy G. Hofmeyer
Everybody's Got Something To Hide Except Me And My Patented Monkey: Patentability Of Cloned Organisms, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 971 (1998), Timothy G. Hofmeyer
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The advent of patent protection for genetically engineered inventions occurred in 1980 with the landmark Supreme Court decision in Diamond v. Chakrabarty. Following the lead of the Supreme Court, the Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO"), in 1987, issued a new regulatory ruling that expanded the PTO's statutory interpretation of 35 U.S.C. § 101 patentable subject matter to include devices based upon nonnatural occurring manufacture or composition of matter resulting from some level of human intervention in the modification of nonhuman organisms. One year following the PTO proclamation, the first patent for a transgenic animal issue to Professors Leder and Stewart …
Lost In Cyberspace: The Digital Demise Of The First-Sale Doctrine, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 825 (1998), Keith Kupferschmid
Lost In Cyberspace: The Digital Demise Of The First-Sale Doctrine, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 825 (1998), Keith Kupferschmid
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The Internet offers a means to create, copy and distribute copyrighted works of a quality and in a volume that was simply unknown before the World Wide Web was developed. A single Web page can be viewed by any of the millions of people with Internet access anywhere around the world, and "viewed" in terms of the Internet necessarily means "copied." This presents a problem when considered in the light of the First-Sale doctrine, which is part and parcel of § 109 of the Copyright Act. The doctrine allows a person to make a single copy of a copyrighted work …
Procd, Inc. V. Zeidenberg And Article 2b: Finally, The Validation Of Shrink-Wrap Licenses, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 439 (1998), Joseph C. Wang
Procd, Inc. V. Zeidenberg And Article 2b: Finally, The Validation Of Shrink-Wrap Licenses, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 439 (1998), Joseph C. Wang
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
In ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, the Seventh Circuit validated a licensor's shrink-wrap license. This court was one of the first courts to validate such licenses. The case involved a graduate student, Zeidenberg, who purchased ProCD's telephone directory software program which contained the shrink-wrap license at issue. After Zeidenberg took the software home, he downloaded the information in the software into his computer and put the information onto a website, despite the language on the computer screen prohibiting such dissemination of the software's contents. Then, Zeidenberg allowed Internet users to use his website to access the directory originally located on the …
Who Owns The Web Site?: The Ultimate Question When A Hiring Party Has A Falling-Out With The Web Site Designer, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 857 (1998), Rinaldo Del Gallo Iii
Who Owns The Web Site?: The Ultimate Question When A Hiring Party Has A Falling-Out With The Web Site Designer, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 857 (1998), Rinaldo Del Gallo Iii
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The question is "Who owns your web site?" This question is difficult to answer absent a copyright assignment clause since no one knows who the owner of the web site is under current law. There are several problems that occur when a web designer is placed in a position against the hiring party in determining ownership rights to a web site. It is important to distinguish ownership rights to a web site, since most contractual agreements between a web site designer and a hiring party do not address this issue. Every day, hundreds of new web sites are appearing and …
Foreword: "Article Of Manufacture" Patent Claims For Computer Instruction, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 1 (1998), Allen B. Wagner
Foreword: "Article Of Manufacture" Patent Claims For Computer Instruction, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 1 (1998), Allen B. Wagner
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
No abstract provided.
Patenting Computer Science: Are Computer Instruction Writings Patentable?, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 5 (1998), Allen B. Wagner
Patenting Computer Science: Are Computer Instruction Writings Patentable?, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 5 (1998), Allen B. Wagner
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
This paper opposes the IBM/PTO proposal to patent (as an article of manufacture) computer instruction fixed on computer readable media (so called media or Beauregard claims). The juridical issue raised is whether patents are limited to the utilitarian embodiment of inventions (the instructed machine) or may be extended to include mere symbolic expression (the machine instruction) fixed in a tangible medium. In Part I, the author argues (a) patenting symbolic expression breaches the intellectual property premise prohibiting property interests in mere abstract ideas, by avoiding both copyright merger and patent preemption doctrines, and (b) contrary to the PTO analysis, patents …
The Relative Roles Of Patent And Copyright In The Protection Of Computer Programs, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 41 (1998), Dennis S. Karjala
The Relative Roles Of Patent And Copyright In The Protection Of Computer Programs, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 41 (1998), Dennis S. Karjala
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The author approaches the problem of software patents from the perspective of copyright, where the debate over the appropriate scope of protection for computer programs continues to rage. This debate has largely followed the copyright tradition of considering copyright as a stand-alone statute, capable of resolving all of its problems with very little reference to other legal regimes and, in particular, with very little reference to patent law. It appears to the author that patent law has also gone about its business relating to software, from Benson to Beauregard, as if patent law were essentially the only relevant player. The …
A New Frontier In Patents: Patent Claims To Propagated Signals, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 75 (1998), Jeffrey R. Kuester, Scott A. Horstemeyer, Daniel J. Santos
A New Frontier In Patents: Patent Claims To Propagated Signals, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 75 (1998), Jeffrey R. Kuester, Scott A. Horstemeyer, Daniel J. Santos
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
If you thought "Beauregard" claims were a slippery slope to an uncertain end, you were right! The new frontier after In re Beauregard is the "propagated signal" claim -- a claim directed to a manufactured transient phenomenon, such as an electrical, optical, or acoustical signal, that could further revolutionize the way communications and software companies protect their intellectual property. It can make procuring patents less expensive and result in more extensive coverage, while challenging the limits of conventional wisdom. This new claim type will be viewed by some as a threat, and by others, as yet another step in the …
Patentability Of Computer Software Instruction As An "Article Of Manufacture": Software As Such As The Right Stuff, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 89 (1998), Vincent Chiappetta
Patentability Of Computer Software Instruction As An "Article Of Manufacture": Software As Such As The Right Stuff, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 89 (1998), Vincent Chiappetta
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The last five years have witnessed a dramatic shift in the approach taken by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("CAFC") and, under the CAFC's stern if somewhat incomplete guidance, the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO") to the seemingly intractable problem of determining whether software inventions qualify as patentable subject matter under the United States patent laws. Beginning with a series of CAFC decisions in 1994 and culminating with the PTO's issuance of its Final Examination Guidelines for Computer-Related Inventions (the "Guidelines") in 1996, the paradigm shifted from a "mathematical algorithm" based analytic structure to an …
Of Text, Technique, And The Tangible: Drafting Patent Claims Around Patent Rules, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 219 (1998), John R. Thomas
Of Text, Technique, And The Tangible: Drafting Patent Claims Around Patent Rules, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 219 (1998), John R. Thomas
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
Courts have long recognized and policed attempts to contract around the patent code. Settled law establishes that the proprietor of a patent which enjoys market power cannot extend that patent beyond its statutory term or restrain competition in an unpatented product via contract. Yet today a far more subtle and fundamental mechanism for drafting around the statute has materialized: the humble patent instrument itself. Patent drafters have only partially realized the remarkable set of tools they now possess for expanding the scope of patent-eligible subject matter, augmenting the market power of issued patents, and avoiding core precepts of the patent …
Statutory Subject Matter And Hybrid Claiming, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 277 (1998), R. Carl Moy
Statutory Subject Matter And Hybrid Claiming, 17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 277 (1998), R. Carl Moy
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The statutory subject matter provision of the United States patent code is one of that law's murkiest provisions. It has been the subject of repeated cases before the United States Supreme Court. Despite this, confusion and disagreement among the lower courts remains substantial. Much of the literature agrees that the law is in disarray. This paper isolates and treats one such problem: that of dealing with so-called "hybrid" inventions. Hybrid inventions are those that consist of both statutory and non-statutory elements grouped together. As such, their basic nature presents a classification problem. Hybrid inventions are mongrels, neither purely statutory nor …
The Chinese System Of Administrative Protection For Pharmaceuticals, 31 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1165 (1998), J. Michael Warner, Han Xiaoquing
The Chinese System Of Administrative Protection For Pharmaceuticals, 31 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1165 (1998), J. Michael Warner, Han Xiaoquing
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Unauthorized Dissemination Of Celebrity Images On The Internet ... In The Flesh, Navin Katyal
The Unauthorized Dissemination Of Celebrity Images On The Internet ... In The Flesh, Navin Katyal
Cleveland State Law Review
This paper will explore and analyze the unauthorized use and dissemination of celebrity images over the Internet as a violation of the copyrights of either the celebrity themselves, or the cinematographic' rights of the film production studio(s). The analysis will focus on the Copyright Act of both Canada and the United States and will be covered in three parts. Part I will define the basic nomenclature of the Internet and explain the applicability of copyright law to the Internet. Part II will focus on methods in which the celebrity and film studio can protect their copyright 'On-line' through the American-defined …
Upstream Patents = Downstream Bottlenecks, Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Michael A. Heller
Upstream Patents = Downstream Bottlenecks, Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Michael A. Heller
Articles
Thirty years ago in Science, Garrett Hardin introduced the metaphor "tragedy of the commons" to help explain overpopulation, air pollution, and species extinction. People often overuse resources they own in common because they have no incentive to conserve. Today, Hardin's metaphor is central to debates in economics, law, and science and powerful justification for privatizing commons property. While the metaphor highlights the cost of overuse when governments allow too many people to use a scarce resource, it misses the possibility of underuse when governments give too many people rights to exclude others. Privatization can solve one tragedy, but cause another.
Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons In Biomedical Research, Michael Heller, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons In Biomedical Research, Michael Heller, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Faculty Scholarship
The "tragedy of the commons" metaphor helps explain why people overuse shared resources. However, the recent proliferation of intellectual property rights in biomedical research suggests a different tragedy, an "anticommons" in which people underuse scarce resources because too many owners can block each other. Privatization of biomedical research must be more carefully deployed to sustain both upstream research and downstream product development. Otherwise, more intellectual property rights may lead paradoxically to fewer useful products for improving human health.
Copyright And The Jurisprudence Of Self-Help, Julie E. Cohen
Copyright And The Jurisprudence Of Self-Help, Julie E. Cohen
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The proposed draft of Article 2B grants broad rights to enforce electronically contract provisions governing access to and use of digital works. Purveyors of digital works may engage in electronic self-help following breach of contract, and may also elect to foreclose unauthorized uses ex ante, via electronic “regulation of performance.” This Article examines these provisions in light of existing law authorizing self-help repossession of tangible chattels, leading academic justifications for self-help repossession, and federal copyright law and policy. It concludes that the provisions authorize an unprecedented degree of intrusion into private homes and offices, that they lack a sound theoretical …
Price Discrimination, Personal Use And Piracy: Copyright Protection Of Digital Works, Michael J. Meurer
Price Discrimination, Personal Use And Piracy: Copyright Protection Of Digital Works, Michael J. Meurer
Faculty Scholarship
The growth of digital information transmission worries copyright holders who fear the new technology threatens their profits because of greater piracy and widespread sharing of digital works. They have responded with proposals for expanded protection of digital works. Specifically, they seek restrictions on personal use rights regarding digital works provided by the fair use and first sale doctrines. The proposed changes in the allocation of property rights to digital information significantly affect the ability of copyright holders to practice price discrimination. Broader user rights make discrimination more difficult; broader producer rights make discrimination easier. I argue that more price discrimination …
The Future Of Information Commerce Under Contemporary Contract And Copyright Principles , Stephen P. Tarolli
The Future Of Information Commerce Under Contemporary Contract And Copyright Principles , Stephen P. Tarolli
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Perfecting A Security Interest In Computer Software Copyrights: Getting It Right, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 855 (1997), Aimee A. Watterberg
Perfecting A Security Interest In Computer Software Copyrights: Getting It Right, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 855 (1997), Aimee A. Watterberg
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The rapid development of computer technology has led software companies to seek financial support from various commercial lenders. Lenders are typically unaccustomed and unwilling to lend money on the security of intellectual property. The fear of lenders is well founded because lenders face a considerable risk in lending money on contemporary and intangible collateral. As a result of the unavailability of funds, technology based companies would be hindered in their efforts to promote new programs. The unclarity of laws with respect to obtaining a security interest has created obstacles for parties on both sides of the transaction -- the lender …
Trademark Law On The Internet - Will It Scale? The Challenge To Develop International Trademark Law, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 3 (1997), David W. Maher
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The author states that the rapid growth of the Internet has caused a serious collision between the efficient functioning of Domain Name Systems and the claims of trademark owners. U.S. Courts have recognized that domain names can have trademark implications. Trademarks are important because organizations responsible for allocation and registration of domain names must take trademarks and trademark law into account. The International Trademark Association (INTA) sets forth principles that should apply to the use of trademarks in the Domain Name System. The author's comment focuses on how to accommodate the interests and rights of trademark owners in the DNS …
Electronic Commerce On The Internet: Legal Developments In Taiwan, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 77 (1997), George C. C. Chen
Electronic Commerce On The Internet: Legal Developments In Taiwan, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 77 (1997), George C. C. Chen
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The purpose of this article is to share information about "outstanding legal issues" that Taiwan has experienced in its use of the Internet. It does through five topics. First, the issue of contracts is addressed using the present laws in Taiwan. Contracts are based on an "offer" by one party and "acceptance" of a second party. Digital products displayed on the Internet are said to constitute an offer when it bears a price, but a legal question arises out of how to constitute acceptance. Taiwan law looks to the law of the country where the offer was made to govern …
Nba V. Motorola And Stats, Inc.: The Second Circuit Properly Limits The "Hot News Doctrine", 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 197 (1997), Alan D. Lieb
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
The Second Circuit Court of Appeals recently handed down a decision which can be seen as a victory for supporters of free dissemination on the Internet. At issue was whether dissemination of real-time sports data infringed the NBA's copyright of broadcast material, and if not whether the use of NBA game statistics was a misappropriation of the NBA's property. In 1994, Motorola teamed up with STATS (Sports Team Analysis and Tracking Systems of Missouri, Inc.) to provide real-time updates of professional sports scores and information to subscribers of pagers as well as on-line services. STATS also provides sports information to …