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Articles 961 - 990 of 1147
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Taking 'Trade And Culture' Seriously: Geographical Indications And Cultural Protection In Wto Law , Tomer Broude
Taking 'Trade And Culture' Seriously: Geographical Indications And Cultural Protection In Wto Law , Tomer Broude
ExpressO
The regulation of the relationship between international trade law and cultural protection is one of the challenges that the World Trade Organization (WTO) will be facing with greater intensity in the second decade of its existence. This paper approaches the problem as it is reflected in the current debate on Geographical Indications (GIs) for food and wine products in the WTO. It seeks to take 'trade and culture' seriously, looking not only at law's effects on trade but also on culture, and to examine the extent to which legal restrictions on international trade can in fact prevent the degradation of …
Sharing Potential And The Potential For Sharing: Open Source Licensing As A Legal And Economic Modality For The Dissemination Of Renewable Energy Technology, Jason Wiener
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
The Drm Dilemma: Re-Aligning Rights Under The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Jacqueline D. Lipton
The Drm Dilemma: Re-Aligning Rights Under The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Jacqueline D. Lipton
ExpressO
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (‘DMCA’) prevents unauthorized copying and distribution of digital copyright works by regulating devices that can be used to circumvent Digital Rights Management (‘DRM’) measures that are used to restrict access to those works. A significant problem is that those devices, like many new technologies, have the potential to be used for both socially harmful and socially beneficial purposes. There is no obvious way for Congress to regulate circumvention devices to prevent the social harms, while at the same time facilitating the social benefits they might provide. Recent judicial interpretations of the DMCA have unsurprisingly erred …
The Expansion Of Intellectual Property Rights By International Agreement: A Case Study Comparing Chile And Australia’S Bilateral Fta Negotiations With The U.S., Ralph G. Fischer
The Expansion Of Intellectual Property Rights By International Agreement: A Case Study Comparing Chile And Australia’S Bilateral Fta Negotiations With The U.S., Ralph G. Fischer
ExpressO
This paper attempts to address the ongoing debate regarding the expansion of intellectual property rights (IPRs) through international negotiations. Commentators have described three theories that purport to explain the growing scope of IPRs in international law, as reflected in international agreements: that these agreements reflect coercion by economically powerful nations; that they are the products of lobbying by multinational corporations; and that they represent autonomous, welfare-enhancing instruments that benefit all parties. The article tests these theories by using a case study comparing free trade agreement negotiations that the United States recently concluded with a less developed country, Chile, and with …
General Exclusion Orders Under Section 337, Gary M. Hnath
General Exclusion Orders Under Section 337, Gary M. Hnath
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Your company, Widgets Unlimited, imports foreign-made widgets into the United States. One day, you're informed that U.S. Customs & Border Protection (Customs) has detained your goods and is determining whether they infringe a patent owned by The American Widget Corporation, based on an exclusion order issued by the International Trade Commission (ITC) after a recent ITC investigation, titled Certain Widgets with Extra Shiny Surfaces. Since you were never a party to any proceeding at the ITC, and indeed, you never even knew American Widget had patents on its widgets, you conclude that there must be some mistake and wait for …
Problems With Sharing The Pirates’ Booty: An Analysis Of Trips, The Copyright Divide Between The United States And China & Two Potential Solutions, Manesh Jiten Shah
Problems With Sharing The Pirates’ Booty: An Analysis Of Trips, The Copyright Divide Between The United States And China & Two Potential Solutions, Manesh Jiten Shah
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
An Idea Whose Time Has Come – But Where Will It Go, Jane C. Ginsburg
An Idea Whose Time Has Come – But Where Will It Go, Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
This Reply picks up where Professor Miller's bold proposal leaves off: with the private international law and international copyright implications of state common law protection for idea-submitters. We will first address the compatibility of the proposal with international copyright norms disqualifying ideas from copyright protection. We will then turn to the consequences of the proposal for a federal system. Professor Miller's article thoroughly examines one aspect of the federalism problem, that of federal copyright policy preemption of statebased idea protection. But in advocating a regime constricted to the fifty separate states, not all of whose courts choose to secure idea …
When Will We Have Cross-Border Licensing Of Copyright And Related Rights In Europe?, Lucie Guibault
When Will We Have Cross-Border Licensing Of Copyright And Related Rights In Europe?, Lucie Guibault
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
In Europe, much has been written recently about the collective management of copyright and related rights. April 2004 saw the publication of the European Commission’s Communication to the Council and the European Parliament on the Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market. This communication confirms the Commission’s intention to adopt, in the not too distant future, a directive on the governance of the societies for collective management of copyright and related rights (collecting societies) in Europe. In addition to describing the current situation in the area of collective management of copyright and related rights in the European …
The New Canon: Using Or Misusing Foreign Law To Decide Domestic Intellectual Property Claims , Edward S. Lee
The New Canon: Using Or Misusing Foreign Law To Decide Domestic Intellectual Property Claims , Edward S. Lee
The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law Working Paper Series
This Article provides the first in-depth analysis of the use of foreign authorities to resolve issues related to domestic statutes, particularly focusing on intellectual property (IP) statutes. The study of IP statutes provides a fertile area of research because of the increased pressures for international protection of IP. The Article criticizes the current approach U.S. courts have taken to using foreign authorities in this area, which can best be described as ad hoc. The Article then sets forth a framework by which U.S. courts can decide, more systematically, when to rely on foreign authorities in IP cases. The Article fills …
Hyperownership In A Time Of Biotechnological Promise: The International Conflict To Control The Building Blocks Of Life, Sabrina Safrin
Hyperownership In A Time Of Biotechnological Promise: The International Conflict To Control The Building Blocks Of Life, Sabrina Safrin
Rutgers Law School (Newark) Faculty Papers
This article addresses the corrosive interplay between the patent-based and the sovereign- based systems of ownership of genetic material. In patent-based systems, genetic material is increasingly “owned” by corporations or research institutions which obtain patents over such material. In sovereign-based systems, the national government owns or extensively controls such material. As more patents issue for synthesized genes in developed countries through the patent system, more raw genetic material is legally enclosed by the governments of developing nations, which house most of the world’s wild or raw genetic material. This interactive spiral of increased enclosure results in the sub-optimal utilization, conservation …
Localizing Intellectual Property In The Globalization Epoch: The Integration Of Indigenous Knowledge, Chidi Oguamanam
Localizing Intellectual Property In The Globalization Epoch: The Integration Of Indigenous Knowledge, Chidi Oguamanam
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
No abstract provided.
The Lessons Stem Cells Provide Vis-À-Vis Patents: Working Towards An International/Universal Patent Regime. , Charles F. Hall
The Lessons Stem Cells Provide Vis-À-Vis Patents: Working Towards An International/Universal Patent Regime. , Charles F. Hall
ExpressO
Biotechnology research has much to promise human society. Beyond the obvious benefits of being able to clone rare animal species or potentially to revitalize extinct species , there are many practical applications that are beneficial to human society directly. Rare blood types might be created from specialized stem cells. The tragedies of Christopher Reeve and others like him who have suffered paralysis from spinal cord trauma may be reversible by using stem cells to replenish damaged and severed nerve cells in the spinal column. The dire shortage of organs for those needing transplants can be reduced by creating an organ …
Fine Art Online: Digital Imagery And Current International Interpretations Of Ethical Considerations In Copyright Law, Molly A. Torsen
Fine Art Online: Digital Imagery And Current International Interpretations Of Ethical Considerations In Copyright Law, Molly A. Torsen
ExpressO
This writing explores the fast-changing intersection of law, technology and ethical considerations related to the visual arts. My paper explores differences in domestic intellectual property laws as well as regional considerations in moral rights law application.
The Jekyll And Hyde Story Of International Trade: The Supreme Court In Phrma V. Walsh And The Trips Agreement, Srividhya Ragavan
The Jekyll And Hyde Story Of International Trade: The Supreme Court In Phrma V. Walsh And The Trips Agreement, Srividhya Ragavan
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Not Enough? An Examination Of China’S Compliance With The Intentions Of The Trips Accord, Jonathan Mark W.W. Chu
Not Enough? An Examination Of China’S Compliance With The Intentions Of The Trips Accord, Jonathan Mark W.W. Chu
ExpressO
As China is in its third year as a member of the World Trade organization, there is much anticipation as to whether its protection of intellectual property rights is up to international standards. Being one of the largest trading nations in the world, much attention has been given to China’s development since its accession to the WTO. The US Chamber of Commerce has recently made a visit to China in order to examine its progress on implementing WTO rules and the WTO’s Sixth Session of the Ministerial Conference will be hosted by Hong Kong, China. As an increasing amount of …
Trips' Rebound: How The Agreement On Trade-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights ("Trips") Can Ricochet Back Against The United States: An Historical Analysis, Donald Harris
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
Patent Wars In The Valley Of The Shadow Of Death: The Pharmaceutical Industry, Ethics And Global Trade, Uche Ewelukwa
Patent Wars In The Valley Of The Shadow Of Death: The Pharmaceutical Industry, Ethics And Global Trade, Uche Ewelukwa
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
Global Intellectual Property Protection As Viewed Through The European Community's Treatment Of Geographical Indications: What Lessons Can Trips Learn?, Jacqueline Nanci Land
Global Intellectual Property Protection As Viewed Through The European Community's Treatment Of Geographical Indications: What Lessons Can Trips Learn?, Jacqueline Nanci Land
Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law
The note examines the European Community's (EC) approach to geographical indications (GIs) and its implications for the TRIPS Agreement, highlighting the EC as a potential model for harmonizing intellectual property (IP) laws globally. It argues that while TRIPS has made significant strides in creating an international IP framework, challenges such as differing national priorities and the influence of industrialized nations hinder full harmonization. The EC's integrated system, particularly its handling of GIs, offers valuable lessons for addressing these challenges and achieving more effective global IP protection.
Reform(Aliz)Ing Copyright, Chris Sprigman
Reform(Aliz)Ing Copyright, Chris Sprigman
ExpressO
Reform(aliz)ing Copyright looks at the effect of the removal from the U.S. copyright laws of copyright formalities like registration, notice, and renewal. Beginning in 1976, the U.S. moved from a “conditional” copyright system that premised the existence and continuation of copyright on compliance with formalities, to an “unconditional” system, where copyright arises automatically when a work is “fixed”. Richard Epstein has aptly characterized these changes as “copyright law . . . flipping over from a system that protected only rights that were claimed to one that vests all rights, whether claimed or not.” That is a fundamental shift in any …
Towards A New Core International Copyright Norm: The Reverse Three-Step Test, Daniel J. Gervais
Towards A New Core International Copyright Norm: The Reverse Three-Step Test, Daniel J. Gervais
ExpressO
This paper argues that international copyright treaties, such as the WTO TRIPS Agreement, should no longer be developed as sets of minimum standards with a standardized exception filter, namely the three-step test, but rather include a normative standard for the copyright rights themselves. In seeking harmony between rights and exceptions, and in light of copyright haphazard evolution (by simply adding new rights when a new way of using protected content was invented), a single new core norm is proposed: the reverse three-step test.
How Do The Social Benefits And Costs Of The Patent System Stack Up In Pharmaceuticals?, Daniel J. Gifford
How Do The Social Benefits And Costs Of The Patent System Stack Up In Pharmaceuticals?, Daniel J. Gifford
ExpressO
This paper explores the workings of the patent system in the context of the generation of new pharmaceutical products. First it identifies the relevant characteristics of the patent system and its relation to the market. The paper concedes that, in general, the patent system is probably the best way of generating new technology, in substantial part because that system uses the market to provide both incentives and rewards. The paper also identifies downsides of this patent/market system: deadweight loss and the unresponsiveness of that patent/market system to the needs of the poor. The paper then explores the social costs and …
The Effectiveness Of International Enforcement Of Intellectual Property Rights, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 985 (2004), Allison Cychosz
The Effectiveness Of International Enforcement Of Intellectual Property Rights, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 985 (2004), Allison Cychosz
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Spirit Of Trips And The Importation Of Medicines Made Under Compulsory License After The August 2003 Trips Council Agreement, Jessica J. Fayerman
The Spirit Of Trips And The Importation Of Medicines Made Under Compulsory License After The August 2003 Trips Council Agreement, Jessica J. Fayerman
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement has changed prospects for access to necessary medications in the developing world. The use of compulsory licensing for pharmaceutical products embodied in Article 31 of TRIPS has been a contentious issue. Prior to 2003, countries with no manufacturing capacity of their own were not allowed to import medicines made under compulsory license, rendering the protections of Article 31 of little use to them. The 2003 Motta Agreement changed this. This expansion of the compulsory licensing power is both an impractical solution and it dilutes the premises upon which TRIPS was originally …
Trips' Rebound: An Historical Analysis Of How The Trips Agreement Can Ricochet Back Against The United States, Donald P. Harris
Trips' Rebound: An Historical Analysis Of How The Trips Agreement Can Ricochet Back Against The United States, Donald P. Harris
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
Recently, scholars and commentators around the world have reexamined the role intellectual property rights (IPRs) play in hindering or helping developing countries. These scholars have questioned the doctrine the IPRs help developing countries by promoting economic development, increasing foreign direct investment, stimulating domestic innovation, and improving access to new technologies, and have concluded that imposing "Western-styled" intellectual property regimes (e.g., the U.S. patent regime) on developing countries harms those countries. In particular, such regimes fail to bring any of the purported benefits, while they impose many costs, including preventing people from obtaining life-saving drugs. This Article argues that it is …
Copyright Non–Compliance (Or Why We Can’T “Just Say Yes” To Licensing)., Jessica D. Litman
Copyright Non–Compliance (Or Why We Can’T “Just Say Yes” To Licensing)., Jessica D. Litman
Book Chapters
I have complained more than once over the past few years that the copyright law is complicated, arcane, and counterintuitive; and that the upshot of that is that people don't believe that the copyright law says what it does say. People do seem to buy into copyright norms, but they don't translate those norms into the rules that the copyright statute does; they find it very hard to believe that there's really a law out there that says the stuff the copyright law says.
The Art And Science Of Genetic Modification: Re-Engineering Patent Law And Constitutional Orthodoxies (The Harry T. Ice Chair Inaugural Lecture), Yvonne Cripps
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The Harry T. Ice Chair Inaugural Lecture
Patenting Business Methods In Europe: What Lies Ahead?, Matthew E. Fink
Patenting Business Methods In Europe: What Lies Ahead?, Matthew E. Fink
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Introduction: The Triangulation Of International Intellectual Property Law: Cooperation, Power, And Normative Welfare, Peter M. Gerhart
Introduction: The Triangulation Of International Intellectual Property Law: Cooperation, Power, And Normative Welfare, Peter M. Gerhart
Faculty Publications
Introduction to the symposium "The Future of International Intellectual Property: The International Relations of Intellectual Property Law," Cleveland, Ohio March 26,2004.
European Community Compulsory Licensing Policy: Heresy Versus Commen Sense Symposium On European Competition Law , Frank Fine
European Community Compulsory Licensing Policy: Heresy Versus Commen Sense Symposium On European Competition Law , Frank Fine
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business
There is a growing trend to limit the rights of intellectual property owners when the public interest warrants. Until very recently, this phenomenon has been manifested only at a transnational level.1 For example, the World Trade Organization, as recently as November 2001, in its Doha Agreement ("Doha"),2 enabled certain nations of the Asian and African subcontinents to obtain compulsory licenses to manufacture and distribute domestically certain anti-retroviral drugs by declaring a state of national health emergency. Doha raises an intriguing question: if limited intrusions into valuable intellectual property rights may be justified on public health grounds, should not such intrusions …
The Treaty Power And The Patent Clause: Are There Limits On The United States' Ability To Harmonize?, Timothy R. Holbrook
The Treaty Power And The Patent Clause: Are There Limits On The United States' Ability To Harmonize?, Timothy R. Holbrook
Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.