Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

First Amendment Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 4951 - 4980 of 7929

Full-Text Articles in First Amendment

The Lactating Angel Or Activist? Public Breatsfeeding As Symbolic Speech, Elizabeth Hildebrand Matherne Jan 2008

The Lactating Angel Or Activist? Public Breatsfeeding As Symbolic Speech, Elizabeth Hildebrand Matherne

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The only way to combat this stigma against public breastfeeding is through the act of breastfeeding in public. The author proposes that breastfeeding is a powerful act of symbolic speech vital for discarding one of the lingering shackles of women's inequality that triggers first amendment protection. Breastfeeding in public addresses this stigma by treating two ills at once: 1) greater public exposure to the practice decreases the severity of society's reactions, and 2) the less stares and confrontation that publicly nursing mothers receive, the more likely they will be to breastfeed, whenever or wherever their baby is hungry. This will …


Reflections On The Mirror Image Doctrine: Should The Federal Trade Commission Regulate False Advertising For Books Promising Wealth, Weight Loss, And Miraculous Cures?, Keith R. Fentonmiller Jan 2008

Reflections On The Mirror Image Doctrine: Should The Federal Trade Commission Regulate False Advertising For Books Promising Wealth, Weight Loss, And Miraculous Cures?, Keith R. Fentonmiller

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Balancing Public School Students' First Amendment Freedoms With The Blackboard Jungle: Are Students In Danger Of Becoming Another Brick In The Wall After Hazelwood?, Daniel Lattanzi Jan 2008

Balancing Public School Students' First Amendment Freedoms With The Blackboard Jungle: Are Students In Danger Of Becoming Another Brick In The Wall After Hazelwood?, Daniel Lattanzi

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Where's The Harm?: Free Speech And The Regulation Of Lies, Lyrissa Lidsky Jan 2008

Where's The Harm?: Free Speech And The Regulation Of Lies, Lyrissa Lidsky

Faculty Publications

The United States Supreme Court has interpreted the First Amendment to accord a measure of protection to outright lies. This essay seeks to explain why. Using Holocaust denial as an example of verifiably false speech, this essay poses the question of whether such speech poses a more serious danger than First Amendment jurisprudence traditionally has acknowledged. This essay also probes the unintended consequences of governmental attempts to impose criminal punishment on lies.


Student Speech: The Enduring Greatness Of Tinker, Jamin B. Raskin Jan 2008

Student Speech: The Enduring Greatness Of Tinker, Jamin B. Raskin

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969), did for the ideal of freedom in America's public schools what Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), did for the ideal of equality. It made a core value of the Bill of Rights spring to life for young people facing unjust policies and authoritarian treatment at the hands of adult officials in local school systems. In his remarkable opinion for the majority, Justice Abe Fortas upheld thirteen-year-old Mary Beth Tinker's First Amendment right to wear a black antiwar armband to …


A Time To Mourn: Balancing The Right Of Free Speech Against The Right Of Privacy In Funeral Picketing, Njeri Mathis Rutledge Jan 2008

A Time To Mourn: Balancing The Right Of Free Speech Against The Right Of Privacy In Funeral Picketing, Njeri Mathis Rutledge

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Garcetti V. Ceballos: Misconstruing Precedent To Curtail Government Employees’ First Amendment Rights, Matthew R. Schroll Jan 2008

Garcetti V. Ceballos: Misconstruing Precedent To Curtail Government Employees’ First Amendment Rights, Matthew R. Schroll

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Taking Safety Seriously: Using Liberalism To Fight Pornography, John M. Kang Jan 2008

Taking Safety Seriously: Using Liberalism To Fight Pornography, John M. Kang

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

Liberalism, as a jurisprudential principle, need not be pornography's indifferent observer or spineless sycophant; liberalism can be used to fight pornography. In this Article, the author proposes to illuminate what appears to be the most essential aspect of liberalism in its inviolable dedication to peace and safety. By drawing upon the work of the early liberals, the author argues that liberalism's most basic ethos is conceptually incompatible with pornography, as the latter celebrates an unjustified form of violence as its own end.


The Problem Of Religious Learning, Marc O. Degirolami Jan 2008

The Problem Of Religious Learning, Marc O. Degirolami

Scholarly Articles

The problem of religious learning is that religion-including the teaching about religion-must be separated from liberal public education, but that the two cannot be entirely separated if the aims of liberal public education are to be realized. It is a problem that has gone largely unexamined by courts, constitutional scholars, and other legal theorists. Though the U.S. Supreme Court has offered a few terse statements about the permissibility of teaching about religion in its Establishment Clause jurisprudence, and scholars frequently urge policies for or against such controversial subjects as Intelligent Design or graduation prayers, insuffi- cient attention has been paid …


Silence At The Schoolhouse Gate: The Diminishing First Amendment Rights Of Public School Employees, Neal H. Hutchens Jan 2008

Silence At The Schoolhouse Gate: The Diminishing First Amendment Rights Of Public School Employees, Neal H. Hutchens

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Avalanche Or Undue Alarm? An Empirical Study Of Subpoenas Received By The News Media, Ronnell Anderson Jones Jan 2008

Avalanche Or Undue Alarm? An Empirical Study Of Subpoenas Received By The News Media, Ronnell Anderson Jones

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

For more than 30 years, proponents and opponents of a federal reporter's shield law have debated the necessity of a privilege for members of the news media and have disagreed sharply about the frequency with which subpoenas are issued to the press. Most recently, in the wake of several high-profile contempt cases, proponents have pointed to a perceived "avalanche" of subpoenas, while opponents have contended that the receipt of subpoenas by reporters remains very rare. This article summarizes the results of an empirical study on the question. The study gathered data on subpoenas received by daily newspapers and network-affiliated television …


Do Churches Matter - Towards An Institutional Understanding Of The Religion Clauses, Richard W. Garnett Jan 2008

Do Churches Matter - Towards An Institutional Understanding Of The Religion Clauses, Richard W. Garnett

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.


Why Monuments Are Government Speech: The Hard Case Of Pleasant Grove City V. Summun, 58 Cath. U. L. Rev. 7 (2008), Mary Jean Dolan Jan 2008

Why Monuments Are Government Speech: The Hard Case Of Pleasant Grove City V. Summun, 58 Cath. U. L. Rev. 7 (2008), Mary Jean Dolan

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Mixed Speech: When Speech Is Both Private And Governmental, Caroline Mala Corbin Jan 2008

Mixed Speech: When Speech Is Both Private And Governmental, Caroline Mala Corbin

Articles

Speech is generally considered to be either private or governmental, and this dichotomy is embedded in First Amendment jurisprudence. However, speech is often neither purely private nor purely governmental but rather a combination of the two. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court has not yet recognized mixed speech as a distinct category of speech. This Article suggests considerations for identifying mixed speech and exposes the shortcomings of the current approach of classifying all speech as either private or governmental when determining whether viewpoint restrictions pass First Amendment muster. Treating mixed speech as government speech gives short shrift to the free speech interests …


Freedom Of The Press 2.0, Edward Lee Jan 2008

Freedom Of The Press 2.0, Edward Lee

Georgia Law Review

In today's digital age, copyright law is changing. It now attempts to regulate machines. Over the past twenty years, and particularly with the advent of the Internet, copyright holders increasingly have invoked copyright law to regulate directly-even to prohibit-the manufacture and sale of technology that facilitates mass dissemination of expressive works. Although the concerns of copyright holders about the ease of digital copying are understandable,the expansion of copyright law to regulate technologies raises troubling questions. Can the government, consistent with the First Amendment, use copyright law to regulate technologies that facilitate the dissemination of speech? If so, are there any …


Do Not Feed The Homeless: One Of The Meanest Cities For The Homeless Unconstitutionally Punishes The So-Called "Enablers", D. Matthew Lay Jan 2008

Do Not Feed The Homeless: One Of The Meanest Cities For The Homeless Unconstitutionally Punishes The So-Called "Enablers", D. Matthew Lay

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.


An Immoral Fight: Shielding Moral Rights With First Amendment Jurisprudence When Fair Use Battles With Actual Malice, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 190 (2008), Mark A. Petrolis Jan 2008

An Immoral Fight: Shielding Moral Rights With First Amendment Jurisprudence When Fair Use Battles With Actual Malice, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 190 (2008), Mark A. Petrolis

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Moral rights give an artist personal rights to her work. Because an artist puts her personality, spirit, and soul into the creation of her work, her honor and reputation may be harmed if her works are mistreated. In 1990, the Visual Artists Rights Act incorporated moral rights into U.S. copyright law. However, fair use became an absolute defense to moral rights violations. This comment proposes that fair use should not be an absolute defense, and applies First Amendment jurisprudence developed from defamation law to both fair use and moral rights. Defamation shares similarities with both. Like moral rights, defamation law …


How To Avoid A "Holy War" -- Dealing With Potential Rluipa Claims, Alan C. Weinstein Jan 2008

How To Avoid A "Holy War" -- Dealing With Potential Rluipa Claims, Alan C. Weinstein

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This article discusses how local government can seek to avoid a claim being brought against it under the Religious Land Use & Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA). Thus, the focus is not on what steps a local government should take when a RLUIPA claim is brought - or threatened to be brought - against it, but focuses instead on what steps local governments should take to seek to avoid a RLUIPA claim in the first place. After reviewing both the changing context of religious observance in the United States, and RLUIPA decisions to date, the article concludes that we are clearly …


Defending The Public Domain—The First Amendment, The Copyright Power, And The Potential Of Golan V. Gonzales, J. Blake Pinard Jan 2008

Defending The Public Domain—The First Amendment, The Copyright Power, And The Potential Of Golan V. Gonzales, J. Blake Pinard

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.


Symbolic Speech: A Message From Mind To Mind, James M. Mcgoldrick Jr. Jan 2008

Symbolic Speech: A Message From Mind To Mind, James M. Mcgoldrick Jr.

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.


Roth At Fifty: Reconsidering The Common Law Antecedents Of American Obscenity Doctrine, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 393 (2008), James R. Alexander Jan 2008

Roth At Fifty: Reconsidering The Common Law Antecedents Of American Obscenity Doctrine, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 393 (2008), James R. Alexander

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.


Employee Speech & Management Rights: A Counterintuitive Reading Of Garcetti V. Ceballos, Elizabeth Dale Jan 2008

Employee Speech & Management Rights: A Counterintuitive Reading Of Garcetti V. Ceballos, Elizabeth Dale

UF Law Faculty Publications

In the two years since the decision came down, courts and commentators generally have agreed that the Supreme Court's decision in Garcetti v. Ceballos sharply limited the First Amendment rights of public employees. In this Article, I argue that this widely shared interpretation overstates the case. The Court in Garcetti did not dramatically change the way it analyzed public employees' First Amendment rights. Instead, it restated the principles on which those claims rest, emphasizing management rights and the unconstitutional conditions doctrine. By making those two theories the centerpiece of the decision, the Court in Garcetti defined public employee speech rights …


Shifting Out Of Neutral: Intelligent Design And The Road To Nonpreferentialism, Kelly S. Terry Jan 2008

Shifting Out Of Neutral: Intelligent Design And The Road To Nonpreferentialism, Kelly S. Terry

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


The Four Eras Of Fcc Public Interest Regulation, Lili Levi Jan 2008

The Four Eras Of Fcc Public Interest Regulation, Lili Levi

Articles

No abstract provided.


Captive Audience Meetings And Forced Listening: Lessons For Canada From The American Experience, Sara Slinn Jan 2008

Captive Audience Meetings And Forced Listening: Lessons For Canada From The American Experience, Sara Slinn

Articles & Book Chapters

Widespread adoption of mandatory representation votes and express protection of employer speech invite employer anti-union campaigns during union organizing, including employer-held captive audience meetings. Therefore, the problem of whether and how to restrict employers’ captive audience communications during union organizing is of renewed relevance in Canada. Captive meetings are a long-standing feature of American labour relations. This article considers how treatment of captive meetings evolved in the U.S., including the notion of employee choice, the “marketplace of ideas” view of expression dominating the American debate, and the central role of the contest between constitutional and statutory rights. It also considers …


Reconsidering Gobitis: An Exercise In Presidential Leadership, Robert Tsai Jan 2008

Reconsidering Gobitis: An Exercise In Presidential Leadership, Robert Tsai

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

In June of 1940, the Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in Minersville School District v. Gobitis that the First Amendment posed no barrier to the punishment of two school age Jehovah's Witnesses who refused to pay homage to the American flag. Three years later, the Justices reversed themselves in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette. This sudden change has prompted a host of explanations. Some observers have stressed changes in judicial personnel in the intervening years; others have pointed to the wax and wane of general anxieties over the war; still others have emphasized the sympathy-inspiring acts of …


Grounding Cyberspeech: Public Schools' Authority To Discipline Students For Internet Activity, Sarah O. Cronan Jan 2008

Grounding Cyberspeech: Public Schools' Authority To Discipline Students For Internet Activity, Sarah O. Cronan

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Opinionated Software, Meiring De Villiers Jan 2008

Opinionated Software, Meiring De Villiers

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

Information security is an important and urgent priority in the computer systems of corporations, governments, and private users. Malevolent software, such as computer viruses and worms, constantly threatens the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital information. Virus detection software announces the presence of a virus in a program by issuing a virus alert. A virus alert presents two conflicting legal issues. A virus alert, as a statement on an issue of great public concern, merits protection under the First Amendment. The reputational interest of a plaintiff disparaged by a virus alert, on the other hand, merits protection under the law …


No Law Respecting The Practice Of Religion, Leslie C. Griffin Jan 2008

No Law Respecting The Practice Of Religion, Leslie C. Griffin

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.


Rumsfeld V. Forum For Academic And Institutional Rights, Inc.:By Allowing Military Recruiters On Campus, Are Law Schoolsadvocating "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"?, Braxton Williams Jan 2008

Rumsfeld V. Forum For Academic And Institutional Rights, Inc.:By Allowing Military Recruiters On Campus, Are Law Schoolsadvocating "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"?, Braxton Williams

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment encompasses more than mere spoken words; it also protects conduct that has an expressive quality, such as flag burning.' In the important case of United States v. O'Brien, the United States Supreme Court appeared to narrow these sorts of protections in cases where there is a sufficient government interest in prosecuting actions, such as burning draft cards, and when such acts are noncommunicative. After the Supreme Court's recent holding in Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc., the O'Brien holding's limitation on First Amendment protection for expressive conduct appears …