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Full-Text Articles in Estates and Trusts

The Rule In Shelley's Case In West Virginia, James W. Simonton Apr 1920

The Rule In Shelley's Case In West Virginia, James W. Simonton

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


When Are Deeds Testamentary, Henry W. Ballantine Apr 1920

When Are Deeds Testamentary, Henry W. Ballantine

Michigan Law Review

It is no objection to a deed that it is used as a substitute for a will, to avoid the expense and delay of probate proceedings. The frequent litigation arising over such deeds, however, shows that this expedient is a* dangerous one unless the grantor uses great care to avoid certain snares and pitfalls which the law in its wisdom provides for the unwary. The grantor may attempt to accomplish his purpose either by express provisions embodied in the deed itself, or by external, collateral conditions, preserved by the delivery of the deed to a deposifory. This paper will consider …


Payment Of Debt To Foreign Representatives Or Heirs, Robert B. Fizzell Mar 1920

Payment Of Debt To Foreign Representatives Or Heirs, Robert B. Fizzell

University of Missouri Bulletin Law Series

At common law an executor or administrator has no authority to administer upon any property of the deceased the situs of which is without the state of his appointment. "Every grant of administration is strictly confined in its authority and operation to the limits of the territory of the government which grants it. and does not de jure extend to other countries." It is, therefore, uniformly held that the domiciliary representative cannot proceed to a foreign state and in his official capacity maintain an action to collect the assets of the deceased located there.


Escheat - How State Acquires Title, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1920

Escheat - How State Acquires Title, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

Escheat is of feudal origin, and properly applied only to land which on failure of heirs or for certain other reasons, "fell in" to the lord under whom it had been held. Personal property without an owner, as bona vacantia, became the property of the crown. In re Bond [1901] 1 Ch. 15. In the United States escheat is used more broadly, but usually arises when the owner of property dies intestate without heirs. Our alienage laws have generally removed disabilities of aliens to take, but in some jurisdictions there may still be escheat because of alienage, see 5 MICH. …


Mutual Wills, Edwin C. Goddard Jun 1919

Mutual Wills, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

SO LATE as 1822 Sir John Nicholl is reported to have said in Hobson v. Blackburn, that a mutual, or conjoint will is an instrument "unknown to the testamentary law of this country; or, in other words, that it is upknown, as a will, to the law of this country at all. It may, for aught that I know, be valid as a compact." In Darlington v. "Pulteney, Lord MANSFIELD said, "there cannot be a joint will." Following these distinguished and learned judges, Jarman and Williams in their classical treatises accepted the statement of Sir John, and some early American …


Deeds To Take Effect After Death Of Grantor, Ralph W. Aigler Jan 1919

Deeds To Take Effect After Death Of Grantor, Ralph W. Aigler

Articles

That Instruments in form of wills may be effective as deeds of conveyance is clear. If a present interest is passed and execution is complete (which includes delivery), the instrument must take effect as a deed. On the other hand, If no interest is to vest until or after death of the maker and there has been no complete execution as a deed, the instrument, if operative at all, must take effect as a will. Difficulties arise when there is a fully executed deed, which, however, is to be postponed in its complete operation until the death of the grantor.


Deeds To Take Effect After Death Of Grantor, Ralph W. Aigler Jan 1919

Deeds To Take Effect After Death Of Grantor, Ralph W. Aigler

Articles

That Instruments in form of wills may be effective as deeds of conveyance is clear. If a present interest is passed and execution is complete (which includes delivery), the instrument must take effect as a deed. On the other hand, If no interest is to vest until or after death of the maker and there has been no complete execution as a deed, the instrument, if operative at all, must take effect as a will. Difficulties arise when there is a fully executed deed, which, however, is to be postponed in its complete operation until the death of the grantor.


Wills - Revocation By Judicial Legislation, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1919

Wills - Revocation By Judicial Legislation, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

Wills and their revocation as we know them are peculiarly the result of the actions and reactions of our common and statute law. We are sufficiently familiar with statutes, declaratory of the common law, in derogation thereof, and creating entirely new principles of law. We also know law the result of no legislative act. Whatever may or may not be admitted about court-made law, we see the undoubted fact that the great body of our law is the outgrowth of decisions applying to new conditions principles of law found in analogous cases, whereby the common law is able to adapt …


The Writing Required To Establish An Express Trust Of Land, Edgar N. Durfee Jan 1919

The Writing Required To Establish An Express Trust Of Land, Edgar N. Durfee

Articles

It has frequently been said that the Seventh Section of the Statute of Frauds, concerning Trusts of land, requires a writing containing "all the terms of the trust." Forster v. Hale, 3 Ves. 707; Smith v. Matthews, 3 DeG., F. & J. 139; Loring v. Palmer, 118 U. S. 321; Gaylord v. Lafayette, 115 Ind. 423; McClellan v. McClellan, 65 Me. 500; Blodgett v. Hildreth, 103 Mass. 484; York v. Perrine, 71 Mich. 567; Newkirk v. Place, 47 N. J. Eq. 477; Steere v. Steere, 5 Johns. Ch. 1; Cook v. Barr, 44 N. Y. 156; Dillaye v. Greenough, 45 …


Deeds--Acknowledgment--Husband And Wife Apr 1918

Deeds--Acknowledgment--Husband And Wife

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


No-Term Oil And Gas Leases And The Rule Against Perpetuities, J. W. S. Apr 1918

No-Term Oil And Gas Leases And The Rule Against Perpetuities, J. W. S.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Contingent Gifts And Incorporation By Reference, John R. Rood Jan 1918

Contingent Gifts And Incorporation By Reference, John R. Rood

Articles

The courts have had great difficulty in reconciling certain contingent gifts with the statutes requiring wills to be in writing duly executed. At first glance there appears no inconsistency, but in practice troubles accumulate.


Substitutional Gifts To Classes, John R. Rood Jan 1918

Substitutional Gifts To Classes, John R. Rood

Articles

In some recent cases we have fresh reminder of the futility of Sir William Grant's distinction between original and substitutional gifts, a rule over which courts have quarreled and disagreed ever since it was promulgated, and which never was applied to the exclusion of anyone without disappointing the wish of the testator. In speaking of this rule in Re Hickey, [1917], 1 Ch. D. 601, 604, Neville, J., says: "The alleged principle seems to be that the meaning of the word 'substitute' involves the idea of replacing one thing by another. One cannot 'substitute' something for nothing. The proposition appears …


The Statute Of Uses And Active Trusts, Edgar N. Durfee Jan 1918

The Statute Of Uses And Active Trusts, Edgar N. Durfee

Articles

To explain the survival of uses, alias trusts, after the Statute of Uses, one is probably justified in assuming a sympathetic attitude toward this Equitable institution on the part of the Common Law Judges. Maitland, Equity, 29. But, however predisposed the Judges might be, they would have to satisfy themselves, perhaps others as well, that they were interpreting rather than nullifying the Statute. Only such uses could be saved as could be "distinguished." The case of the use raised upon a chattel interest is clear enough, as it was without the letter, and fairly without the mischief, of the Statute. …


The Disposition To Be Made Of Property The Subject Of A Power If The Power Is Not Exercised, John R. Rood Mar 1917

The Disposition To Be Made Of Property The Subject Of A Power If The Power Is Not Exercised, John R. Rood

Articles

The object sought in this article is to collect and classify the cases in which the courts have passed on the question as to what shall be done with property over which a power of appointment has been given; when it finally turns out for some reason that the power has not been exercised. It is not the object to establish any particular thesis, but rather to ascertain how the adjudicated cases stand.


What Words Create A Power?, John R. Rood Jan 1917

What Words Create A Power?, John R. Rood

Articles

As the right to sell may exist either as a result of ownership, or by virtue of a power without or independent of ownership, it is sometimes a question whether words indicating a right to sell, contained in an instrument granting an estate, are intended to give a power, or are merely descriptive of the rights incident to the estate given. When property is devised without any designation of the estate given, and the devise is followed by words indicating that the devisee is to have the right of absolute disposal in fee, or to sell in fee, it has …


Note And Comment, Ralph W. Aigler, Edgar N. Durfee, Werner W. Schroeder, Arthur A. Morrow, Harry B. Sutter, Russell H. Neilson Jun 1916

Note And Comment, Ralph W. Aigler, Edgar N. Durfee, Werner W. Schroeder, Arthur A. Morrow, Harry B. Sutter, Russell H. Neilson

Michigan Law Review

Estates in Fee Tail - Quite generally estates in fee tail under the STATUTE DE DONIS were recognized by the states as a part of the common law. Statutory provisions in the way of modification and abolishment of such estates, however, are very common. The nature and scope of the statutory provisions have varied. See the states classified according to the character of the legislation in BREWSTER, CONVEYANCING, § § 142, 143.


Recent Important Decisions Apr 1916

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Recent Important Decisions Feb 1916

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Modern Phases Of The Rule Against Perpetuities And Restraints Upon Alienation Applied To Entrusted Properties In The State Of California, Adolph Canelo Jan 1916

Modern Phases Of The Rule Against Perpetuities And Restraints Upon Alienation Applied To Entrusted Properties In The State Of California, Adolph Canelo

Student Theses

There is perhaps no legal subject more interesting nor important in the sphere of trust activity than the so-called "Rule against Perpetuities". This rule is colorful in its historical antecedents, and in its present form, as part and parcel of the common law, is the creature of necessity evolved to prevent property owners from placing their property perpetually beyond the reach of their descendants, or other beneficiaries. The doctrine compromises the conflict between those on the one hand who have amassed property, and who ftesire that the succeeding generations might enjoy the use and benefit thereof without possibility of the …


Recent Important Decisions Jan 1916

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Note And Comment, John R. Rood, Henry M. Bates, Werner W. Schroeder, Robert E. Richardson, Hollace M. Reid Jan 1916

Note And Comment, John R. Rood, Henry M. Bates, Werner W. Schroeder, Robert E. Richardson, Hollace M. Reid

Michigan Law Review

Can a Manufacturer be Compelled to Sell? - The fight for price maintenance is not yet completely settled, despite, the decisions in Dr. Miles Medical Company v. Parks & Sois Company, and Baiter & Cie v. O'Donnell, which held invalid contracts, whether nominally of agency, or of sale, between manufacturer and wholesaler or jobber whereby the latter in purchasing agreed himself to maintain and to sell only to others who would maintain a schedule of prices established by the manufacturer. But there are more ways than one of maintaining prices. One of these is to refuse to sell to persons …


Titles To Real Property Acquired Originally And By Transfer Inter Vivos, Ralph W. Aigler Jan 1916

Titles To Real Property Acquired Originally And By Transfer Inter Vivos, Ralph W. Aigler

Books

Many law teachers have felt that Titles should be the basis of the beginning course in Property. Although this volume appears as number three in a series of casebooks covering the law of Property, it is believed that the subject-matter of the volume, with possibly some shifts in order of the topics, is such that it may well be used in that way.


Recent Important Decisions Dec 1915

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Recent Important Decisions Nov 1915

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Conveyancing In The Province Of Quebec, Howard S. Ross Apr 1915

Conveyancing In The Province Of Quebec, Howard S. Ross

Michigan Law Review

A solicitor who has had experience as a conveyancer in any of the other Canadian provinces is at first disappointed when he finds on coming to Quebec to practice that in Quebec the bulk of the conveyancing is done by Notaries who, as is well known, belong to a distinct profession founded on the French Notarial system. An Advocate may not be a Notary or a Notary an Advocate, at one and the same time. In a few cases young men take the examinations and qualify as Advocates and Notaries and then elect. Occasionally after practicing a number of years …


Recent Important Decisions Apr 1915

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Corporations And Express Trusts As Business Organizations, Horace L. Wilgus Jan 1915

Corporations And Express Trusts As Business Organizations, Horace L. Wilgus

Books

The advantages of incorporation have long been recognized and frequently referred to in our law ... Upon the other hand the special advantages of Express Trusts have recently been stated .... It is my purpose to compare these two, -- Corporations and Express Trusts, -- in such detail as my time will permit, to discover, if perchance we may, something of the strength and weakness of each, for business purposes, under present day conditions.


Recent Important Decisions Jan 1915

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Note And Comment, Henry Rottschaefer, Walter Mckenzie, Karl J. Mohr, John G. Cedergren, J G. Tucker Jr Dec 1914

Note And Comment, Henry Rottschaefer, Walter Mckenzie, Karl J. Mohr, John G. Cedergren, J G. Tucker Jr

Michigan Law Review

The Use of Multiple in Determining the Value of Railroad Lands - The case of Chicago & N. W. Ry. Co. v. Smith et al., decided by the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota and reported in 21o Fed. 632, contains an interesting suggestion as to the means to be employed in determining the value of lands used for railway purposes, which 'Was not, however, accepted by the court.