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Articles 1 - 30 of 61
Full-Text Articles in Estates and Trusts
Grantor Trusts: The Who, The What, The Where, The Wherefore, And The Wherewithal, Thomas Simmons
Grantor Trusts: The Who, The What, The Where, The Wherefore, And The Wherewithal, Thomas Simmons
Faculty Publications
In a “grantor trust,” the grantor is treated as the owner for income tax purposes. All income generated by the trust assets of a grantor trust is taxed to the grantor. Essentially, the trust is ignored for income tax purposes. When an individual creates a revocable living trust and funds it with his or her own assets, for example, the trust is a grantor trust for federal income tax purposes until the grantor’s death. These written materials summarize the history of the grantor trust rules, discuss the rules in context, and illustrate the rules in operation with an outline of …
Wills, Trusts, Guardianships, And Fiduciary Administration, Mary F. Radford
Wills, Trusts, Guardianships, And Fiduciary Administration, Mary F. Radford
Mercer Law Review
This Article describes selected cases and significant legislation from the period of June 1, 2011 through May 31, 2012 that pertain to Georgia fiduciary law and estate planning.
Interpreting I.R.C. § 67(E): The Supreme Court's Attempt To Nail Investment Advisory Fees To The "Floor", Lindsay Roshkind
Interpreting I.R.C. § 67(E): The Supreme Court's Attempt To Nail Investment Advisory Fees To The "Floor", Lindsay Roshkind
Florida Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Case For The Retention Of The State Death Tax Credit In The Federal Transfer Tax Scheme: "Just Say No" To A Deduction, John M. Janiga, Louis S. Harrison
The Case For The Retention Of The State Death Tax Credit In The Federal Transfer Tax Scheme: "Just Say No" To A Deduction, John M. Janiga, Louis S. Harrison
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Crummey Trusts: An Exploitation Of The Annual Exclusion, Dora Arash
Crummey Trusts: An Exploitation Of The Annual Exclusion, Dora Arash
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Distinction Without A Difference? An Examination Of The Legal And Ethical Difference Between Asset Protection And Fraudulent Transfers Under Virginia Law, Elizabeth Southall
A Distinction Without A Difference? An Examination Of The Legal And Ethical Difference Between Asset Protection And Fraudulent Transfers Under Virginia Law, Elizabeth Southall
Law Student Publications
“A distinction without a difference”—a colloquial expression employed by one wishing to recognize that while a linguistic or conceptual distinction exists between any number of options, any such distinction lacks substantive practical effect. To allege that a situation presents “a distinction without a difference” is to suggest that any difference between a given set of options is a logical fallacy—purely a creature of erroneous perception. When it comes to concepts of asset protection planning and fraudulent transfer law, one must ask whether the law draws a distinction where there is no difference....This essay identifies these distinctions. Part II provides a …
Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. William Gray Jr., Katherine E. Ramsey
Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. William Gray Jr., Katherine E. Ramsey
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Right To Publicity After Death: Postmortem Personality Rights In The Wake Of Experiencehendrix V. Hendrixlicensing.Com, Aubrie Hicks
The Right To Publicity After Death: Postmortem Personality Rights In The Wake Of Experiencehendrix V. Hendrixlicensing.Com, Aubrie Hicks
Seattle University Law Review
While the states are fairly consistent in protecting the rights of living individuals, the level of protection for deceased celebrities varies among the states. Some states allow the right to extend beyond death, while others refuse to recognize a postmortem right of publicity. Even among states that do recognize a postmortem right of publicity, the right is protected to varying degrees, with some states providing explicit statutory protections and others providing only common law protections. Given the inconsistencies among the states, the continuing right to publicity after death has been the subject of much litigation over the last few years, …
The Anatomy Of A Will Contest, Phyllis C. Taite
The Anatomy Of A Will Contest, Phyllis C. Taite
Other Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Empowering Settlors: How Proper Language Can Increase The Enforceability Of A Mandatory Arbitration Provision In A Trust, S. I. Strong
Empowering Settlors: How Proper Language Can Increase The Enforceability Of A Mandatory Arbitration Provision In A Trust, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
With hostile trust litigation reaching epidemic proportions, many people within the trust industry are interested in identifying new and less expensive ways to resolve trust-related disputes. Arbitration is often proposed as a possible alternative, although questions exist about whether and to what extent a mandatory arbitration provision found in a trust will be considered enforceable by a court. Up until now, most commentary in this area of law has focused on purely jurisprudential issues, with little attention being paid to the practical efforts that settlors can make to increase the enforceability of arbitration provisions found in trusts. This Article takes …
Can Wrongful Death Damages Recovered By A Married Person Be Separate Property Under California Law? , William A. Reppy Jr.
Can Wrongful Death Damages Recovered By A Married Person Be Separate Property Under California Law? , William A. Reppy Jr.
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Elaine Hightower Gagliardi On Treasury Transforms The Portability Election: Making The Dsue Amount A Reliable Planning Tool, Elaine H. Gagliardi
Elaine Hightower Gagliardi On Treasury Transforms The Portability Election: Making The Dsue Amount A Reliable Planning Tool, Elaine H. Gagliardi
Faculty Journal Articles & Other Writings
With the issuance of temporary regulations, Treasury pulls back the cloak of uncertainty and reveals a portability election that proves to be relatively dependable and a useful planning tool. The temporary portability regulations,1 issued June 15, 2012, remove the “now you see it, now you don’t”2 quality of the deceased spousal unused exclusion (“DSUE”) amount as enacted by Congress. With a sleight of hand, Treasury rewrites the plain wording of the statute to eliminate uncertainty. The temporary regulations provide a clear path for avoiding loss of the DSUE amount on remarriage. The regulations allow donors to make gifts without fear …
Amgen Inc. V. Connecticut Retirement Plans And Trust Funds: Brief Of Law Professors As Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioners, Adam C. Pritchard
Amgen Inc. V. Connecticut Retirement Plans And Trust Funds: Brief Of Law Professors As Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioners, Adam C. Pritchard
Appellate Briefs
Amici are law professors whose scholarship and teaching focuses on corporate law and the federal securities laws. Law professors have an interest in ensuring that the securities laws are interpreted to accurately reflect both current financial economic scholarship and the historical underpinnings of the securities laws. Amici filed a brief amici curiae in Erica P. John Fund, Inc. v. Halliburton Co., 131 S. Ct. 2179 (2011) (No. 09-1403), addressing the consideration of market impact and the fraud on the market theory at the class certification stage of Rule 10b-5 securities fraud suits.
Facade Easement: Inexpert Valuation, Wendy G. Gerzog
Facade Easement: Inexpert Valuation, Wendy G. Gerzog
All Faculty Scholarship
The article discusses the recent Dunlap decision, which involved facade easement transfers to the National Architectural Trust, a qualified charity that preserves building easements across the country, although most are in New York City. Although allowing a deduction for their cash contributions to NAT to enforce the easement and not finding any penalties applicable, the Tax Court held that despite two valuation reports written by accepted valuation experts, the taxpayers had not established any value for their easement.
Incomplete Protection: Exoneration Clauses In New York Trusts And Powers Of Attorney, Ilene S. Cooper, Robert M. Harper
Incomplete Protection: Exoneration Clauses In New York Trusts And Powers Of Attorney, Ilene S. Cooper, Robert M. Harper
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Who Is Afraid Of Perpetual Trusts?, Bridget J. Crawford
Who Is Afraid Of Perpetual Trusts?, Bridget J. Crawford
Michigan Law Review First Impressions
Throw a stone into a room full of law professors, and it is virtually impossible to hit someone who will defend perpetual trusts. Yet since 1995, eighteen states have repealed their rules against perpetuities, and there are now twenty-one states that permit trusts to last forever. Many academics have responded with a virtual pile-on, calling the repeals a "race to the bottom" at best and "loony" at worst. Lawrence Waggoner, Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan School of Law and Reporter for the Restatement (Third) of Property: Wills and Other Donative Transfers, has made another contribution to the scrum. …
The Specter Of Civil Law Clawback Actions Haunting U.S. And Uk Charitable Giving, Aaron Schwabach
The Specter Of Civil Law Clawback Actions Haunting U.S. And Uk Charitable Giving, Aaron Schwabach
Law Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Effectively Curbing The Gst Exemption For Perpetual Trusts, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Effectively Curbing The Gst Exemption For Perpetual Trusts, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Articles
In "Effectively Curbing the GST Exemption for Perpetual Trusts," I criticized the Treasury Department’s proposal for dealing with perpetual trusts. My objection is that Treasury’s approach would leave many trusts and much wealth GST-exempt for much longer than Congress originally intended. For perpetual trusts created before enactment, Treasury’s approach would allow them to continue to be unburdened by a durational limit. For perpetual trusts created after the effective date of enactment, Treasury’s approach would still allow them to qualify for the GST exemption, but would have the exemption expire 90 years after the trust was created.
The Upc Substituted Judgment/Best Interest Standard For Guardian Decisions: A Proposal For Reform, Lawrence A. Forlik, Linda S. Whitton
The Upc Substituted Judgment/Best Interest Standard For Guardian Decisions: A Proposal For Reform, Lawrence A. Forlik, Linda S. Whitton
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The introduction in 1997 of "substituted judgment" as a guiding principle for guardian decisions was a key contribution of the UPC to guardianship reform. The current UPC Section 5-314(a) instructs guardians to "consider the expressed desires and personal values of the ward" when making decisions and to "at all times ... act in the ward's best interest." This dual mandate for guardian decisions was intended to promote the self-determination interests of incapacitated adults. This Article argues that in practice the standard has failed to achieve this goal. It analyzes the shortcomings of UPC Section 5-314(a) and other statutory decision-making standards …
Family Caregiving And The Law Of Succession: A Proposal, Thomas P. Gallanis, Josephine Gittler
Family Caregiving And The Law Of Succession: A Proposal, Thomas P. Gallanis, Josephine Gittler
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
As the American population ages, the need for long-term care, already great, will become even greater. Some of this care is paid for by government programs, such as Medicaid, and by individual long-term care insurance policies. But the combination of the public fisc and private insurance are, and will continue to be, insufficient to pay for all of the care our seniors and adults with disabilities need. The provision of care in a family residence by one or more family members is an important component of our health care delivery system and must be supported and encouraged by public policy …
Fiduciary Duties And Exculpatory Clauses: Clash Of The Titans Or Cozy Bedfellows, Louise Lark Hill
Fiduciary Duties And Exculpatory Clauses: Clash Of The Titans Or Cozy Bedfellows, Louise Lark Hill
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Centuries ago, when land represented the majority of wealth, the trust was used primarily for holding and transferring real property. As the dominant form of wealth moved away from family land, the trust evolved into a device for managing financial assets. With this transformation came the use of exculpatory clauses by both amateur and professional trustees, providing an avenue for these fiduciaries to escape liability for designated acts. With the use of exculpatory provisions, discussion abounded about whether fiduciary duties were mandatory or subject to modification. The latter view eventually prevailed, with the majority of jurisdictions viewing fiduciary duties as …
Children Of Assisted Reproduction, Kristine S. Knaplund
Children Of Assisted Reproduction, Kristine S. Knaplund
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
More than three decades after the birth of the first child conceived through in vitro fertilization, few states have comprehensive statutes to establish the parentage of children born using assisted reproduction techniques (ART). While thousands of such children are born each year courts struggle to apply outdated laws. For example, does a statute terminating paternity for a man who donates sperm to a married woman apply if the woman is unmarried? In 2008, the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) added two much-needed sections on the complicated parentage and inheritance issues that arise in the field of assisted reproduction. Yet it is …
Toward Economic Analysis Of The Uniform Probate Code, Daniel B. Kelly
Toward Economic Analysis Of The Uniform Probate Code, Daniel B. Kelly
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Insights from economics and the economic analysis of law may be useful in analyzing succession law, including intestacy and wills as well as nonprobate transfers such as trusts. After surveying prior works that have examined succession from a functional perspective, I explore the possibility of utilizing tools like (i) transaction costs, (ii) the ex ante/ex post distinction, and (iii) rules versus standards, to illuminate the design of the Uniform Probate Code. Specifically, I investigate how these tools, which legal scholars have employed widely in other contexts, may be relevant in understanding events like the nonprobate revolution and issues like "dead …
Deliberative Accountability Rules In Inheritance Law: Promoting Accountable Estate Planning, Shelly Kreiczer-Levy
Deliberative Accountability Rules In Inheritance Law: Promoting Accountable Estate Planning, Shelly Kreiczer-Levy
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In the last few decades, the emerging trend in trust and estate law has been a steady loosening of the limitations on testamentary freedom. The 1990 Uniform Probate Code pioneered some of these developments. Construction rules are no exception. It is widely accepted that testamentary construction rules should track the owner's presumed intent. In this Article, I argue that there is also room, alongside these intent-furthering rules, for intent-defeating rules in inheritance law. A property owner lacks incentives to internalize the relational, familial, or economic effects of her allocation. Such rules, termed deliberative accountability rules, are therefore designed to foster …
Non-Judicial Estate Settlement, John H. Martin
Non-Judicial Estate Settlement, John H. Martin
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Estate settlement through probate procedures satisfies no one. The public is hostile to the delay, expense, and lack of privacy that accompanies probate. Attorneys respond to public dissatisfaction by counseling probate avoidance. Legislatures facilitate some settlements by enacting simplified procedures for low-value estates. In large measure, the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) was a response to criticisms leveled at probate. Alternative settlement procedures are offered by the UPC, including informal testacy determinations and informal appointment procedures. These alternatives, however, remain imbedded in a judicial system, with it procedural rigidities. The UPC informal settlement alternatives did not silence the criticism. The continued …
The Probate Definition Of Family: A Proposal For Guided Discretion In Intestacy, Susan N. Gary
The Probate Definition Of Family: A Proposal For Guided Discretion In Intestacy, Susan N. Gary
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Intestacy statutes may not match the wishes of many people who die intestate. Changes to the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) include or exclude potential takers, as the drafters attempt to bring the UPC provisions closer to the intent of more intestate decedents. As the UPC tries to fine-tune the intestacy statutes, however, family circumstances continue to get more and more complicated. Families headed by unmarried couples, blended families with children from multiple marriages, and families in which adults raise children who are not legally theirs, have become commonplace. For some decedents, non-family friends and caregivers may be more important than …
Toward Equality: Nonmarital Children And The Uniform Probate Code, Paula A. Monopoli
Toward Equality: Nonmarital Children And The Uniform Probate Code, Paula A. Monopoli
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article traces the evolution of the Uniform Probate Code's (UPC) broad equality framework for inheritance by nonmarital children in the context of the wider movement for legal equality for such children in society. It concludes that the UPC is to be lauded for its efforts to provide equal treatment to all nonmarital children. The UPC's commitment to such equality serves an expressive function for state legislatures and courts to follow its lead. The UPC has fulfilled its promise that all children regardless of marital status shall be equal for purposes of inheritance from or through parents, with one exception: …
Wandering Far Afield With Defined Value Clauses, Wendy G. Gerzog
Wandering Far Afield With Defined Value Clauses, Wendy G. Gerzog
All Faculty Scholarship
The Wandry decision extends the application of defined value clauses beyond those family limited partnership cases that transfer any excess value to a charity. In Wandry, the Tax Court reads Procter narrowly and ignores the fundamental rationale of Robinette.
Why In Re Omegas Group Was Right: An Essay On The Legal Status Of Equitable Rights, Emily Sherwin
Why In Re Omegas Group Was Right: An Essay On The Legal Status Of Equitable Rights, Emily Sherwin
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Institutionalizing Mediation: The Role Of Lawyers And Bar Associations , Ronald R. Volkmer
Institutionalizing Mediation: The Role Of Lawyers And Bar Associations , Ronald R. Volkmer
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The world of trusts and estates is changing before our eyes - the "multidiscipline practice" trend may radically change the traditional practice of the probate bar. There is one constant, however, besides change and that is conflict. That conflict is oftentimes lurking beneath the surface when a lawyer becomes involved in the estate planning process. All of the technical knowledge you may possess about the legal system and its rules is valuable and necessary. But, the estate planning lawyer is preeminently a counselor at law. In the strongest possible way I urge students to become aware of conflict management skills …