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Articles 9901 - 9930 of 27598

Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law

Undercover Policing, Overstated Culpability, Eda Katharine Tinto Apr 2013

Undercover Policing, Overstated Culpability, Eda Katharine Tinto

Cardozo Law Review

This Article examines the legal doctrine of "sentencing manipulation," a claim, raised at the time of sentencing, in which the defendant argues that undercover police officers purposefully encouraged him to commit particular criminal conduct in order to expose him to a longer, and often mandatory, prison sentence. Currently, the claim of sentencing manipulation has no uniform definition or application and lacks a consistent animating theory. Based on traditional theories of punishment and the systemic interest in an accurate determination of a defendant's criminal culpability, this Article argues that inducements, used by undercover officers and their agents to encourage the suspect …


Challenging The Death Penalty With Statistics: Furman, Mccleskey, And A Single County Case Study, Steven F. Shatz, Terry Dalton Apr 2013

Challenging The Death Penalty With Statistics: Furman, Mccleskey, And A Single County Case Study, Steven F. Shatz, Terry Dalton

Cardozo Law Review

In the forty-year history of the Supreme Court's modern death penalty jurisprudence, two cases - Furman v. Georgia (1972) and McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) - stand out above all others. Both cases turned on the Court's consideration of empirical evidence, but they appear to have reached divergent - even altogether inconsistent - results. In Furman, the Court relied on statistical evidence that the death penalty was infrequently applied to death-eligible defendants to hold that the Georgia death penalty scheme was unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment. In McCleskey, the Court, despite being presented with statistical evidence that race played …


"That's The Guy!": Federal Rule Of Evidence 801(D)(1)(C) And Out-Of-Court Statements Of Identification, Gilbert M. Rein Apr 2013

"That's The Guy!": Federal Rule Of Evidence 801(D)(1)(C) And Out-Of-Court Statements Of Identification, Gilbert M. Rein

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.


Quasi-Judicial Prosecutors And Post-Conviction Claims Of Innocence: Granting Recusals To Make Impartiality A Reality, Rachel Pecker Apr 2013

Quasi-Judicial Prosecutors And Post-Conviction Claims Of Innocence: Granting Recusals To Make Impartiality A Reality, Rachel Pecker

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Problem With Misdemeanor Representation, Erica J. Hashimoto Apr 2013

The Problem With Misdemeanor Representation, Erica J. Hashimoto

Scholarly Works

The failure to appoint counsel in misdemeanor cases may represent one of the most widespread violations of federal constitutional rights in criminal cases. A decade ago, in Alabama v. Shelton, the Supreme Court held that indigent defendants sentenced to suspended terms of incarceration in misdemeanor cases have a constitutional right to appointed counsel, even if the defendant is never actually incarcerated. Several factors contribute to this omission. First, some jurisdictions have simply refused to honor the Court's holding. Second, potentially unconstitutional barriers to the appointment of counsel-including prohibitively high fees imposed on defendants, failures to fully inform defendants of their …


There Are No "Innocent Victims": The Influence Of Just World Beliefs And Prior Victimization On Rape Myth Acceptance, Rebecca Lynne Vonderhaar Apr 2013

There Are No "Innocent Victims": The Influence Of Just World Beliefs And Prior Victimization On Rape Myth Acceptance, Rebecca Lynne Vonderhaar

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Approximately 209,000 women report being raped every year. Of those 209,000 rapes, only 19,491 arrests were made (U.S. Department of Justice 2011). Furthermore, reports estimate that one out of every three women will be raped at some point in her life (Amir, 1971). The prominence of rape in the United States, as well as the disparity between documented rapes to the police and victim reports of rape, is problematic for researchers in fully understanding the breadth of the problem. Considering that rape occurs at such an overwhelmingly high rate and frequently goes unreported, it is important to understand the attitudes …


Vulnerability And Just Desert: A Theory Of Sentencing And Mental Illness, E. Lea Johnston Mar 2013

Vulnerability And Just Desert: A Theory Of Sentencing And Mental Illness, E. Lea Johnston

UF Law Faculty Publications

This Article analyzes risks of serious harms posed to prisoners with major mental disorders and investigates their import for sentencing under a just deserts analysis. Drawing upon social science research, the Article first establishes that offenders with serious mental illnesses are more likely than non-ill offenders to suffer physical and sexual assaults, endure housing in solitary confinement, and experience psychological deterioration during their carceral terms. The Article then explores the significance of this differential impact for sentencing within a retributive framework. It first suggests a particular expressive understanding of punishment, capacious enough to encompass foreseeable, substantial risks of serious harm …


Tel Aviv-Jaffa District Commander V. Israel Internet Association, Uzi Vogelman, Asher Grunis, Noam Sohlberg Mar 2013

Tel Aviv-Jaffa District Commander V. Israel Internet Association, Uzi Vogelman, Asher Grunis, Noam Sohlberg

Translated Opinions

Facts: In August 2010, the Israel Police ordered major Israeli Internet access providers to block access to eight gambling websites operating outside the State of Israel. The orders were based on section 229 of the Penal Law that permits the District Police Commander to order the closure of any illegal gaming, lottery, or gambling place. The access providers complied with the orders and the Israel Internet Association petitioned the Administrative Affairs Court against the District Commander, contesting the closure, in the interests of Israeli web-users and the general public. The Internet access providers did not petition against the closure of …


Searches Incident To Arrest And The Aftermath Of Arizona V. Gant – A Circuit Split As To Gant’S Applicability To Non-Vehicular Searches, Nicholas De Sena Mar 2013

Searches Incident To Arrest And The Aftermath Of Arizona V. Gant – A Circuit Split As To Gant’S Applicability To Non-Vehicular Searches, Nicholas De Sena

Pace Law Review

The nation’s struggle to balance individual rights of privacy and legitimate law enforcement efforts continues without any clear resolution in sight. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees citizens the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, stating that search warrants shall be issued only with a showing of probable cause, a description of the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Complementing the warrant requirement is the principal that searches done without a warrant are per se unreasonable. The Supreme Court, however, has recognized exceptions to the warrant requirement under …


The Sanctity Of The Attorney-Client Relationship – Undermined By The Federal Interpretation Of The Right To Counsel - People V. Borukhova, Tara Laterza Mar 2013

The Sanctity Of The Attorney-Client Relationship – Undermined By The Federal Interpretation Of The Right To Counsel - People V. Borukhova, Tara Laterza

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


A Cumulative Approach To Ineffective Assistance: New York’S Requirement That Counsel’S Cumulative Efforts Amount To Meaningful Representation - People V. Bodden, Jan Lucas Mar 2013

A Cumulative Approach To Ineffective Assistance: New York’S Requirement That Counsel’S Cumulative Efforts Amount To Meaningful Representation - People V. Bodden, Jan Lucas

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


What Are We Searching For? Conditions, Elements, And Requirements For A Valid “Searching Inquiry” In The State Of New York - People V. Crampe, Dean M. Villani Mar 2013

What Are We Searching For? Conditions, Elements, And Requirements For A Valid “Searching Inquiry” In The State Of New York - People V. Crampe, Dean M. Villani

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Flying Solo Without A License: The Right Of Pro Se Defendants To Crash And Burn - People V. Smith, Tiffany Frigenti Mar 2013

Flying Solo Without A License: The Right Of Pro Se Defendants To Crash And Burn - People V. Smith, Tiffany Frigenti

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Confronting The Confrontation Clause: Addressing The Unanswered Question Of Whether Autopsy Reports Are Testimonial Evidence - People V. Hall, Bailey Ince Mar 2013

Confronting The Confrontation Clause: Addressing The Unanswered Question Of Whether Autopsy Reports Are Testimonial Evidence - People V. Hall, Bailey Ince

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Someone Call 911, Crawford Is Dying - People V. Duhs, Caroline Knoepffler Mar 2013

Someone Call 911, Crawford Is Dying - People V. Duhs, Caroline Knoepffler

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


California And Uncle Sam's Tug-Of-War Over Mary Jane Is Really Harshing The Mellow, Daniel Mortensen Mar 2013

California And Uncle Sam's Tug-Of-War Over Mary Jane Is Really Harshing The Mellow, Daniel Mortensen

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

No abstract provided.


Abandoning Objective Indicia, Ian Farrell Mar 2013

Abandoning Objective Indicia, Ian Farrell

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court recently held, in Miller v. Alabama, that mandatory life without parole for juveniles violates the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment. This Essay argues that, although the case’s result is important, Miller will gain long-term significance not because of what it holds, but because of what it heralds: a fundamental shift in the Court’s Eighth Amendment methodology—specifically, a move away from using “objective indicia” to determine society’s evolving standards. The Essay suggests that the Supreme Court replace its objective indicia analysis with the application of heightened scrutiny to “suspect categories” of punishment, namely, categories …


Competent Translation Of Hearsay, Christina Magrans Mar 2013

Competent Translation Of Hearsay, Christina Magrans

Tennessee Journal of Race, Gender, & Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Eccc’S Legacy For The Rule Of Law In Cambodia, Jenny Holligan, Mahdev Mohan Mar 2013

Eccc’S Legacy For The Rule Of Law In Cambodia, Jenny Holligan, Mahdev Mohan

2008 Asian Business & Rule of Law initiative

No abstract provided.


Controlling The Prosecution Of Bribery: Applying Corporate Law Principles To Define A "Foreign Official" In The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Kayla Feld Mar 2013

Controlling The Prosecution Of Bribery: Applying Corporate Law Principles To Define A "Foreign Official" In The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Kayla Feld

Washington Law Review

This Comment focuses on the debate surrounding the definition of an “instrumentality” within the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act’s (FCPA) “foreign official” provision. The FCPA prohibits bribery of “foreign officials” but provides little guidance as to the types of entities included within the meaning of an “instrumentality.” The Department of Justice construes this term broadly and therefore can aggressively prosecute alleged corruption. This Comment argues that courts should provide guidance on the definition of a “foreign official” within the meaning of the FCPA by applying principles of control drawn from corporate law. Such guidance would accomplish three important tasks. First, it …


Defending The Preponderance Of The Evidence Standard In College Adjudications Of Sexual Assault, Amy Chmielewski Mar 2013

Defending The Preponderance Of The Evidence Standard In College Adjudications Of Sexual Assault, Amy Chmielewski

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Toward A Right To Litigate Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, Ty Alper Mar 2013

Toward A Right To Litigate Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, Ty Alper

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Why Gideon Failed: Politics And Feedback Loops In The Reform Of Criminal Justice, Donald A. Dripps Mar 2013

Why Gideon Failed: Politics And Feedback Loops In The Reform Of Criminal Justice, Donald A. Dripps

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Heeding Gideon’S Call In The Twenty-First Century: Holistic Defense And The New Public Defense Paradigm, Robin Steinberg Mar 2013

Heeding Gideon’S Call In The Twenty-First Century: Holistic Defense And The New Public Defense Paradigm, Robin Steinberg

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Problem With Misdemeanor Representation, Erica Hashimoto Mar 2013

The Problem With Misdemeanor Representation, Erica Hashimoto

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Gideon Skepticism, Alexandra Natapoff Mar 2013

Gideon Skepticism, Alexandra Natapoff

Washington and Lee Law Review

The criminal defense lawyer occupies a special doctrinal place in criminal procedure. It is the primary structural guarantor of fairness, the single most important source of validation for individual convictions. Conversely, if a person did have a competent lawyer, it generates a set of presumptions that his trial was in fact fair, the evidence sufficient, and his plea knowing and voluntary. This is a highly problematic legal fiction. The presence of counsel advances but cannot guarantee fair trials and voluntary pleas. More fundamentally, a lawyer in an individual case will often be powerless to address a wide variety of systemic …


Crashing The Misdemeanor System, Jenny Roberts Mar 2013

Crashing The Misdemeanor System, Jenny Roberts

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Two Rights To Counsel, Josh Bowers Mar 2013

Two Rights To Counsel, Josh Bowers

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Too Poor To Hire A Lawyer But Not Indigent: How States Use The Federal Poverty Guidelines To Deprive Defendants Of Their Sixth Amendment Right To Counsel, John P. Gross Mar 2013

Too Poor To Hire A Lawyer But Not Indigent: How States Use The Federal Poverty Guidelines To Deprive Defendants Of Their Sixth Amendment Right To Counsel, John P. Gross

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Criminal Defense Lawyer Moneyball: A Demonstration Project, Ronald F. Wright, Ralph A. Peeples Mar 2013

Criminal Defense Lawyer Moneyball: A Demonstration Project, Ronald F. Wright, Ralph A. Peeples

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.