Criminal Law Commons^™

Retribution, Restoration, And White-Collar Crime, Katherine Beaty Chiste

Dalhousie Law Journal

A "restorative" approach to criminality and conflict has been proposed in a number of common law jurisdictions in a variety of legal contexts, both civil and criminal, with an interesting exception: white-collar crime, which is discussedin an almost exclusively retributive vocabulary. This paper explores what a specifically restorative response to white-collar crime might look like, a response which above all else would seek to heal the harm the crime has done. In particular,the author looks at the possibilities for voluntary participation of victims and offenders; broad stakeholder inclusion and a focus on future relations rather than past offences-all necessaryparts of …

The Boundaries Of The Criminal Law: The Criminalization Of The Non-Disclosure Of Hiv, Isabel Grant

Dalhousie Law Journal

In this paper, the author examines the trend toward the increased criminalization and punishment of persons with HIV who fail to inform their stxual partners of their HIV-positive status. Since the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in R. v. Cuerrier, such behaviour may constitute aggravated assaultor aggravated sexual assault, the latter offence carrying a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. The paper surveys the Canadian case law and highlights the trend towards the imposition of increasingly harsh sentences. After reviewing public-health and criminal law options for dealing with nondisclosure of one's HIV status, the author concludes that criminal law should only …

Let My People Go: Human Capital Investment And Community Capacity Building Via Meta/Regulation In A Deliberative Democracy-A Modest Contribution For Criminal Law And Restorative Justice, Bruce P. Archibald

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article explores the integration of restorative justice within Canada's criminal justice system, emphasizing its potential to enhance human capital development and community capacity through deliberative democratic processes. It argues that restorative justice offers a more effective and responsive approach compared to traditional punitive measures, which often fail to address the root causes of crime and may even exacerbate recidivism. By examining the Nova Scotia Restorative Justice Program as a model, the analysis highlights the benefits of combining restorative practices with formal criminal justice systems, advocating for a shift towards more inclusive and rehabilitative approaches to crime.

Death Becomes The State: The Death Penalty In New York State - Past, Present And Future, Deborah L. Heller

Pace Law Review

No abstract provided.

War Tales And War Trials, Patricia M. Wald

Michigan Law Review

In this foreword, I will compare my experiences as a judge on the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and the work of war crimes tribunals generally, with a few of the recurrent themes in epic tales of war. Books and trials strive to educate and to persuade their audiences of the barbarity of war and its antipathy to the most fundamental norms of a humane society.3 War crimes tribunals began with Nuremberg and have proliferated in the past fifteen years. These tribunals were established to try and to punish individuals for violations of international humanitarian law ("IHL")-the so-called …

Missing Privacy Through Individuation: The Treatment Of Privacy Law In The Canadian Case Law On Hate, Obscenity, And Child Pornography, Jane Bailey

Dalhousie Law Journal

Privacy is approached differently in the Canadian case law on child pornography than in hate propaganda and obscenity cases. Privacy analyses in all three contexts focus considerable attention on the interests of the individuals accused, particularly in relation to minimizing state intrusion on private spheres of activity However, the privacy interests of the.equality-seeking communities targeted by these forms of communication are more directly addressed in child pornography cases than in hate propaganda and obscenity cases. One possible explanation for this difference is that hate propaganda and obscenity simply do not affect the privacy interests of targeted groups and their members. …

Prosecuting Sexual Violence In Correctional Settings: Examining Prosecutors’ Perceptions, Brenda V. Smith, Jaime Yarussi

Project on Addressing Prison Rape - Articles

The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is the first piece of federal legislation that expressly and exclusively addresses sexual abuse of persons in custody. Notwithstanding passage of the Act, there is a clear belief, echoed by correctional leaders, that prosecutors are reluctant at best, and unwilling at worst, to prosecute cases of sexual violence in correctional settings. In order to gather information on the prosecutor interest in and capacity to prosecute these cases, the National Institute of Corrections Project on Addressing Prison Rape at the Washington College of Law (the NIC/WCL Project) collected data from state and federal …

The Prison Rape Elimination Act: Implementation And Unresolved Issues, Brenda V. Smith

Project on Addressing Prison Rape - Articles

This article aims to provide a brief background of the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) and the important political forces that shaped its passing, the current status on implementation of the Act, including progress made with each of the tools, and a prediction about issues that will arise in the enactment and implementation of the standards required by PREA.

Comparative Treatment Of Human Trafficking In The United States & Israel: Financial Tools To Encourage Victim Rehabilitation And Prevent Trafficking, Sarah Leevan

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note examines the legal frameworks addressing human trafficking in the United States and Israel, highlighting their efforts to combat trafficking through legislation and international cooperation. It emphasizes the need for both countries to enhance victim support and accountability for all parties involved in trafficking.

Improving The Reliability Of Criminal Trials Through Rules That Encourage Defendants To Testify, Jeffrey Bellin

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Reflecting a traditional bias against defendants' trial testimony, the modern American criminal justice system, which now recognizes a constitutional right to testify at trial, unabashedly encourages defendants to waive that right and remain silent. As a result, a large percentage of criminal defendants decline to testify, forcing juries to decide the question of the defendant's guilt without ever hearing from the person most knowledgeable on the subject. This Article contends that the inflated percentage of silent defendants in the American criminal trial system is a needless, self-inflected wound, neither required by the Constitution nor beneficial to the search for truth. …

Competent Capital Representation: The Necessity Of Knowing And Heeding What Jurors Tell Us About Mitigation, John H. Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson, Scott E. Sundby

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Capital defense counsel have a duty at every stage of the case to take advantage of all appropriate opportunities to argue why death is not a suitable punishment for their particular client. But that duty can hardly be discharged effectively if the arguments are made in ignorance of available information concerning how persuasive they are likely to be to their audience.

Heeding that simple proposition we present lessons from the work of the Capital Jury Project, an ongoing empirical research effort built upon extended interviews with people who have actually sat on capital juries. We find that the standards for …

Deconstructing International Criminal Law, Kevin Jon Heller

Michigan Law Review

After nearly fifty years of post-Nuremberg hibernation, international criminal tribunals have returned to the world stage with a vengeance. The Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ("ICTY") in 1993 and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ("ICTR") in 1994. Hybrid domestic-international tribunals have been established in Sierra Leone (2000), East Timor (2000), Kosovo (2000), Cambodia (2003), Bosnia (2005), and Lebanon (2007). And, of course, the international community's dream of a permanent tribunal was finally realized in 2002, when the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ("ICC") entered into force. This unprecedented proliferation of international …

Myspace In A Post-Grokster World: Digital Finger Pointing For Offenses Perpetrated Through Use Of Social Networking Sites After Mgm V. Grokster, Cheryl J. Eisner

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note examines the dismissal of a negligence lawsuit against MySpace, arguing that interactive computer services should not be held liable for offline harms committed by users. It emphasizes the importance of protecting such platforms under the Communications Decency Act (CDA) and highlights the need to balance free speech and technological development against concerns for user safety.

Integrating The Study Of Sexuality Into The Core Law School Curriculum: Suggestions For Substantive Criminal Law Courses, Henry F. Fradella

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

The Future Of International Criminal Justice, Georgetown University Law Center

Philip A. Hart Memorial Lecture

On March 19, 2008, the Honorable Richard Goldstone, former justice on the Constitutional Court of South Africa, delivered the Georgetown Law Center’s twenty-eithth Annual Philip A. Hart Memorial Lecture: "The Future of International Criminal Justice."

Goldstone graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand with a BA LLB cum laude in 1962. After graduating, he practiced as an advocate at the Johannesburg Bar.

In 1976 he was appointed senior counsel and in 1980 was made a judge of the Transvaal Supreme Court. In 1989 he was appointed to the Appellate Division.

From 1991 to 1994 he served as the chairperson of …

Summary Of Dozier V. State, 124 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 12, Alissa Macomber

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Appeal from the district court’s denial of a post-conviction petition for writ of habeas corpus.

Summary Of Grey V. State, 124 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 11, Katie Maw

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Appeal from a judgment of conviction pursuant to a jury verdict.

Summary Of State V. Lewis, 124 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 13, Holly Ludwig

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

State appealed a district court order granting Defendant’s presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. The Nevada Supreme Court granted certiorari to determine whether granting a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea is independently appealable.

The "Fetal Protection" Wars: Why America Has Made The Wrong Choice In Addressing Maternal Substance Abuse - A Comparative Legal Analysis, Linda C. Fentiman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Why Is It A Crime To Stomp On A Goldfish? Harm, Victimhood And The Structure Of Anti-Cruelty Offenses, Luis E. Chiesa

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In the article it is argued that, contrary to what prominent animal law scholars such as Gary Francione claim, we have decided to criminalize harm to animals primarily because we are concerned about the wellbeing of such creatures, not because doing so furthers some other human interest. I do so in four parts.

Part I provides a brief historical analysis of animal cruelty laws that will show that, although many of these statutes were originally enacted as a way to protect private property, there has been a marked trend, specially in recent times, to punish animal cruelty regardless, and sometimes …

Confronting Evil: Victims' Rights In An Age Of Terror, Wayne A. Logan

Scholarly Publications

This Article examines a unique facet of the victims' rights movement: the use of victim impact evidence in the prosecution of individuals accused of mass killings. The Article provides the first detailed analysis of victim impact evidence employed in the capital trials of those responsible for the bombings in Oklahoma City (168 deaths) and the U.S. Embassy in Kenya (213 deaths), as well as the events of September 11 (almost 3000 deaths), and explores the many difficulties its use presents. These difficulties, the Article argues, warrant attention not only with respect to future U.S. mass killing trials in civilian courts, …

Vigilant Or Vigilante? Procedure And Rationale For Immunity In Defense Of Habitation And Defense Of Property Under The Official Code Of Georgia Annotated §§ 16-3-23, -24, -24.1, And -24.2, Robert Christian Rutledge

Mercer Law Review

Georgia law provides statutory immunity for a person charged with an assault that arose in defense of property including habitation and real property. Such a defense would apply to the scenario above. The procedure for utilizing those immunities, however, is not clear in the applicable statutes, Official Code of Georgia Annotated ("O.C.G.A.") sections 16-3-23, -24, -24.1, and -24.2 (the "Immunity Statutes"), or in recent cases applying those statutes. This Article proposes a procedure for using those immunities as efficiently as possible. While seeking an efficient procedure, this Article also attempts to ascertain the rationale and policies behind the Immunity Statutes. …

Reconceiving Civil Protection Orders For Domestic Violence: Can Law Help End The Abuse Without Ending The Relationship?, Sally F. Goldfarb

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Redefining The Question: Applying A Hierarchical Structure To The Mens Rea Requirement For Section 875(C), Karen Rosenfield

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Regulating Intrastate Crime: How The Federal Kidnapping Act Blurs The Distinction Between What Is Truly National And What Is Truly Local, Colin V. Ram

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Addressing The Real Problem Of Racial Profiling In Seattle, Washington, Whitney Rivera

Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity

No abstract provided.

The Trafficking In Victims Protection Act: A Feasibility Assessment, Kristina Cummings, M.A.

Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity

No abstract provided.

Forgive Me Father For I Have Sinned: The Victims, The Abusers, The Church And The Law, Stephanie M. Adduci, M.A.

Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity

No abstract provided.

Women, Re-Entry And Everyday Life: Time To Work?, Dina R. Rose, Venezia Michalsen, Dawn R. Wiest, Anupa Fabian

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study focuses on women at various stages of re-entry into the community after involvement with the criminal justice system. In particular, it takes a close look at how the participants in the study manage their time in the face of the types of competing demands that are all too common to most people.

Small Claim Mass Fraud Actions: A Proposal For Aggregate Litigation Under Rico, Leah Bressack

Vanderbilt Law Review

Assume that, tomorrow, a large company advertises a "miracle pill" that it claims will cure all forms of cancer. The company uses a sophisticated national marketing campaign to convey a strong health assurance message, which it tailors to specific audiences: women with breast cancer, men with prostate cancer, older adults with intestinal cancer, and children with leukemia. In response to the national campaign, consumers across the country purchase the pill, which costs $10. Only then do consumers discover that the pill is worthless and that the company intentionally defrauded them.

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ("RICO") statute provides a …