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Articles 151 - 180 of 409

Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law

Can Neuroscience Help Predict Future Antisocial Behavior?, Lyn M. Gaudet, Jason P. Kerkmans, Nathaniel E. Anderson, Kent A. Kiehl Nov 2016

Can Neuroscience Help Predict Future Antisocial Behavior?, Lyn M. Gaudet, Jason P. Kerkmans, Nathaniel E. Anderson, Kent A. Kiehl

Fordham Law Review

Part I of this Article reviews the tools currently available to predict antisocial behavior. Part II discusses legal precedent regarding the use of, and challenges to, various prediction methods. Part III introduces recent neuroscience work in this area and reviews two studies that have successfully used neuroimaging techniques to predict recidivism. Part IV discusses some criticisms that are commonly levied against the various prediction methods and highlights the disparity between the attitudes of the scientific and legal communities toward risk assessment generally and neuroscience specifically. Lastly, Part V explains why neuroscience methods will likely continue to help inform and, ideally, …


Neuroscience And Sentencing, Nancy Gertner Nov 2016

Neuroscience And Sentencing, Nancy Gertner

Fordham Law Review

This symposium comes at a propitious time for me. I am reviewing the sentences I was obliged to give to hundreds of men—mostly African American men—over the course of a seventeen-year federal judicial career. As I have written elsewhere, I believe that 80 percent of the sentences that I imposedwereunfair,unjust,anddisproportionate. EverythingthatIthought was important—that neuroscientists, for example, have found to be salient in affecting behavior—was irrelevant to the analysis I was supposed to conduct. My goal—for which this symposium plays an important part—is to reevaluate those sentences now under a more rational and humane system, this time at least informed by …


When Empathy Bites Back: Cautionary Tales From Neuroscience For Capital Sentencing, Sheri Lynn Johnson, Amelia Courtney Hritz, Caisa Elizabeth Royer, John H. Blume Nov 2016

When Empathy Bites Back: Cautionary Tales From Neuroscience For Capital Sentencing, Sheri Lynn Johnson, Amelia Courtney Hritz, Caisa Elizabeth Royer, John H. Blume

Fordham Law Review

This Article examines the implications of emerging neuroscientific findings regarding empathy for capital trials. We have approached this task with caution because neuroscientists’ understanding of the human brain is still evolving. As with any new field, if neuroscience is completely trusted before it is thoroughly tested, there is a risk of embracing the new phrenology. Given the state of the research, our advice to defense lawyers is quite modest, but we believe that there are some important lessons for lawyers, judges, legislators, and other stakeholders in the capital punishment system.


The Overlooked History Of Neurolaw, Francis X. Shen Nov 2016

The Overlooked History Of Neurolaw, Francis X. Shen

Fordham Law Review

In this Article, I argue that our field should more readily acknowledge that there is a history to law and neuroscience. A central challenge is whether, and how, we will learn from this history. I do not endeavor here to provide a comprehensive history of brain science and law but rather to highlight a series of four important, yet often overlooked, “moments.” These moments are (1) foundational medico-legal dialogue in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, (2) the introduction of electroencephalography evidence into the legal system in the mid- twentieth century, (3) the use of psychosurgery for violence prevention in …


Lonely Too Long: Redefining And Reforming Juvenile Solitary Confinement, Jessica Lee Nov 2016

Lonely Too Long: Redefining And Reforming Juvenile Solitary Confinement, Jessica Lee

Fordham Law Review

Solitary confinement is a frequently used penal tool in all fifty states against all types of offenders. However, since its development in the 1800s, solitary confinement has been found to have damaging psychological effects. Juvenile inmates in particular suffer the greatest psychological damage from solitary confinement because their brains are still in a developmental state. This has led many to propose various reforms that would either end or limit the use of solitary confinement for those under the age of eighteen. However, new neurological studies on brain development show that inmates between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five also suffer …


White Collar Crime, Robert J. Anello, Miriam L. Glaser Oct 2016

White Collar Crime, Robert J. Anello, Miriam L. Glaser

Fordham Law Review

This Article will address six different areas of white collar law and procedure: (1) fraud, (2) the Racketeer Influenced & Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), (3) conspiracy, (4) public corruption, (5) white collar practice, and (6) sentencing. Many of the cases profiled in this Article have driven legal and cultural developments far beyond the federal courts, including the cases of Leona Helmsley, one of New York’s most prominent real estate moguls; the “Mafia Commission,” a take-down of the bosses of the Five Families of La Cosa Nostra; and Abscam, a massive sting operation created by the federal government to expose corrupt …


David Brown Versus Louisiana, Charles Ogletree, Ronald Sullivan May 2016

David Brown Versus Louisiana, Charles Ogletree, Ronald Sullivan

Amicus Briefs

No abstract provided.


Read This Note Or Else!: Conviction Under 18 U.S.C. § 875(C) For Recklessly Making A Threat, Maria A. Brusco May 2016

Read This Note Or Else!: Conviction Under 18 U.S.C. § 875(C) For Recklessly Making A Threat, Maria A. Brusco

Fordham Law Review

What does it mean to make a threat, and under what circumstances can a speaker be convicted for making one? This Note examines these questions in light of Elonis v. United States, a Supreme Court case decided in June 2015. There, the Court held that when a speaker subjectively intends a statement be taken as a threat or knows that it will be taken as a threat, she may be convicted under 18 U.S.C. § 875(c). The Court did not decide whether a speaker who recklessly makes a threat may be convicted under the statute. This Note argues that …


To Call Or Not To Call: Compelling Witnesses To Appear Before Congress, Daniel Curbelo Zeidman Apr 2016

To Call Or Not To Call: Compelling Witnesses To Appear Before Congress, Daniel Curbelo Zeidman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


No Vengeance For 'Revenge Porn' Victims: Unraveling Why This Latest Female-Centric, Intimate-Partner Offense Is Still Legal, And Why We Should Criminalize It, Sarah Bloom Apr 2016

No Vengeance For 'Revenge Porn' Victims: Unraveling Why This Latest Female-Centric, Intimate-Partner Offense Is Still Legal, And Why We Should Criminalize It, Sarah Bloom

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Guns And Drugs, Benjamin Levin Apr 2016

Guns And Drugs, Benjamin Levin

Fordham Law Review

This Article argues that the increasingly prevalent critiques of the War on Drugs apply to other areas of criminal law. To highlight the broader relevance of these critiques, this Article uses as its test case the criminal regulation of gun possession. This Article identifies and distills three lines of drug war criticism and argues that they apply to possessory gun crimes in much the same way that they apply to drug crimes. Specifically, this Article focuses on: (1) race- and class-based critiques; (2) concerns about police and prosecutorial power; and (3) worries about the social and economic costs of mass …


Finally Some Improvement, But Will It Accomplish Anything? An Analysis Of Whether The Charitable Bail Bonds Bill Can Survive The Ethical Challenges Headed Its Way, Alex Petrossian Mar 2016

Finally Some Improvement, But Will It Accomplish Anything? An Analysis Of Whether The Charitable Bail Bonds Bill Can Survive The Ethical Challenges Headed Its Way, Alex Petrossian

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


The Commercial Sexual Exploiutation Of Minors, The First Amendment, And Freedom: Why Backpage.Com Should Be Prevented From Selling America's Children For Sex, Anna Makatche Mar 2016

The Commercial Sexual Exploiutation Of Minors, The First Amendment, And Freedom: Why Backpage.Com Should Be Prevented From Selling America's Children For Sex, Anna Makatche

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


A Fair Trial: When The Constitution Requires Attorneys To Investigate Their Clients' Brains, Ellen G. Koenig Mar 2016

A Fair Trial: When The Constitution Requires Attorneys To Investigate Their Clients' Brains, Ellen G. Koenig

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The U.S. Constitution guarantees every criminal defendant the right to a fair trial. This fundamental right includes the right to a defense counsel who provides effective assistance. To be effective, attorneys must sometimes develop specific types of evidence in crafting the best defense. In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has found that defense attorneys did not provide effective assistance when they failed to consider neuroscience. But when must defense attorneys develop neuroscience in order to provide effective assistance? This question is difficult because the standard for determining effective assistance is still evolving. There are two leading approaches. First, in …


Strange Bedfellows: How Expanding The Public Safety Exception To Miranda Benefits Counterterrorism Suspects, Geoffrey Corn, Chris Jenks Mar 2016

Strange Bedfellows: How Expanding The Public Safety Exception To Miranda Benefits Counterterrorism Suspects, Geoffrey Corn, Chris Jenks

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Principles, Politics And Privilege: How The Crime-Fraud Exception Can Preserve The Strength Of The Attorney-Client Privilege For Government Lawyers And Their Clients, Michael W. Glenn Mar 2016

Principles, Politics And Privilege: How The Crime-Fraud Exception Can Preserve The Strength Of The Attorney-Client Privilege For Government Lawyers And Their Clients, Michael W. Glenn

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Community Control Over Camera Surveillance: A Response To Bennett Capers’S Crime, Surveillance, And Communities, Christopher Slobogin Mar 2016

Community Control Over Camera Surveillance: A Response To Bennett Capers’S Crime, Surveillance, And Communities, Christopher Slobogin

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Interrogation First, Miranda Warnings Afterward: A Critical Analysis Of The Supreme Court's Approach To Delayed Miranda Warnings, Joshua I. Rodriguez Mar 2016

Interrogation First, Miranda Warnings Afterward: A Critical Analysis Of The Supreme Court's Approach To Delayed Miranda Warnings, Joshua I. Rodriguez

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Aggregation And Urban Misdemeanors, Alexandra Natapoff Mar 2016

Aggregation And Urban Misdemeanors, Alexandra Natapoff

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The urban misdemeanor process relies on a wide variety of informal groupings and aggregations. Order maintenance police arrest large numbers of people based on neighborhood, age, race, and other generalizations. Prosecutors and public defenders resolve entire classes of minor plea bargains based on standard local practices and pricing. Urban courts process hundreds of cases en masse. At each stage, the pressure to aggregate—to treat people and cases by group—weakens and sometimes eliminates individuated scrutiny of defendants and the evidence in their cases; people are largely evaluated, convicted, and punished by category and based on institutional habit. This wholesale process of …


Why Properly Policing A Movement Matters: A Response To Alafair Burke’S Policing, Protestors, And Discretion, Lenese Herbert Mar 2016

Why Properly Policing A Movement Matters: A Response To Alafair Burke’S Policing, Protestors, And Discretion, Lenese Herbert

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Crime, Surveillance, And Communities, Bennett Capers Mar 2016

Crime, Surveillance, And Communities, Bennett Capers

Fordham Urban Law Journal

We have become a surveillance state. Cameras—both those controlled by the state, and those installed by private entities—watch our every move, at least in public. For the most part, courts have deemed this public surveillance to be beyond the purview of the Fourth Amendment, meaning that it goes largely unregulated—a cause for alarm for many civil libertarians. This Article challenges these views and suggests that we must listen to communities in thinking about cameras and other surveillance technologies. For many communities, public surveillance not only has the benefit of deterring crime and aiding in the apprehension of criminals. It can …


Policing, Protestors, And Discretion, Alafair Burke Mar 2016

Policing, Protestors, And Discretion, Alafair Burke

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Padilla V. Kentucky: Sound And Fury, Or Transformative Impact, Steven Zeidman Feb 2016

Padilla V. Kentucky: Sound And Fury, Or Transformative Impact, Steven Zeidman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Realizing Padilla’S Promise: Ensuring Noncitizen Defendants Are Advised Of The Immigration Consequences Of A Criminal Conviction, Yolanda Vàzquez Feb 2016

Realizing Padilla’S Promise: Ensuring Noncitizen Defendants Are Advised Of The Immigration Consequences Of A Criminal Conviction, Yolanda Vàzquez

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Conference Report: Padilla And The Future Of The Defense Function, Joel M. Schumm Feb 2016

Conference Report: Padilla And The Future Of The Defense Function, Joel M. Schumm

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


You Are The Last Lawyer They Will Ever See Before Exile: Padilla V. Kentucky And One Indigent Defender Office's Account Of Creating A Systematic Approach To Providing Immigration Advice In Times Of Tight Budgets And High Caseloads, Carlos J. Martinez, George C. Palaidis, Sarah Wood Borak Feb 2016

You Are The Last Lawyer They Will Ever See Before Exile: Padilla V. Kentucky And One Indigent Defender Office's Account Of Creating A Systematic Approach To Providing Immigration Advice In Times Of Tight Budgets And High Caseloads, Carlos J. Martinez, George C. Palaidis, Sarah Wood Borak

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


A View Through The Looking Glass: How Crimes Appear From The Immigration Court Perspective, Hon. Dana Leigh Marks, Hon. Denise Noonan Slavin Feb 2016

A View Through The Looking Glass: How Crimes Appear From The Immigration Court Perspective, Hon. Dana Leigh Marks, Hon. Denise Noonan Slavin

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Evolving Standards Of Reasonableness: The Aba Standards And The Right To Counsel In Plea Negotiations, Margaret Colgate Love Feb 2016

Evolving Standards Of Reasonableness: The Aba Standards And The Right To Counsel In Plea Negotiations, Margaret Colgate Love

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The ABA Criminal Justice Standards have been recognized by the Supreme Court as one of the most important sources for determining lawyer competence in right to counsel cases. Because the constitutional test under the Sixth Amendment is whether defense counsel’s performance was “reasonable” under “prevailing professional norms,” the standard of competence is necessarily an evolving one. The Supreme Court's decision in Padilla v. Kentucky underscores the defense bar’s stake in participating in the ABA standard-setting process to guide the development of defense counsel's obligations in plea negotiations. In addition, to the extent the courts give the ABA Standards credence in …


Padilla And Beyond: The Future Of The Defense Function, Hon. Jonathan Lippman Feb 2016

Padilla And Beyond: The Future Of The Defense Function, Hon. Jonathan Lippman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Collateral Consequences: How Reliable Data And Resources Can Change The Way Law Is Practiced, Christopher Gowen, Erin Magary Feb 2016

Collateral Consequences: How Reliable Data And Resources Can Change The Way Law Is Practiced, Christopher Gowen, Erin Magary

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.