Constitutional Law Commons^™

Freedom Of Expression Or Freedom From Hate: A Canadian Perspective, Rosalie Silberman Abella

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reconstructing The Rule Of Lenity, David S. Romantz

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Conspiracy: Contemporary Gang Policing And Prosecutions, Keegan Stephan

Cardozo Law Review

Part I of this Note reviews gang policing before Morales, explains the vagueness, equal protection, and policy and custom doctrines that helped shape gang policing, and details the practices of contemporary gang policing. Part II argues that contemporary gang policing violates equal protection under the innovative showing of discriminatory intent found in Floyd v. City of New York, and that contemporary gang policing violates both prongs of the vagueness doctrine when viewed in its totality-at least where it is proscribed by statute. Part III notes that the vagueness doctrine has historically been applied only to statutory law and …

Secession And The Prevalence Of Both Militant Democracy And Eternity Clauses Worldwide, Rivka Weill

Cardozo Law Review

The prevalent approach suggests that constitutions are silent about secession and may even implicitly allow it. But an examination of world constitutions reveals that the overwhelming majority of countries vigorously protect territorial integrity. This is true even of countries classified as consociational or consensus democracies. Scholars further point to the existence of secessionist political parties as proof that secession may align with constitutionalism. This Article, however, explains how democracies engage in a delicate game to chase and eliminate secessionist political mobilization. Democracies have been able to conceal their fight against secessionists by creating a large gap between "the law on …

Prosecuting Chinese "Spies": An Empirical Analysis Of The Economic Espionage Act, Andrew Chongseh Kim

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

What's Wrong With Obergefell, Gregg Strauss

Cardozo Law Review

Although Obergefell v. Hodges was a historic victory for progressive constitutional law, the Supreme Court's glorification of marriage created widespread anxiety among progressive family law scholars. Yet, the critics have still not explained why this marriage rhetoric arouses such moral indignation. Some critics predict Obergefell's rhetoric will shape family and constitutional law in ways that harm nonmarital families, but these forecasts rely on weak doctrinal arguments and cynical speculation about judicial behavior. Others argue Obergefell's rhetoric was gratuitously insulting. Is that as deep as the objection goes?

Obergefell's glorification of marriage is wrong, not because it was …

Mission To Dismiss: A Dismissal Of Rule 12(B)(6) And The Retirement Of Twombly/Iqbal, Victor Marrero

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Competing Free Speech Values In An Age Of Protest, Erica Goldberg

Cardozo Law Review

This Article endeavors to catalog and resolve cases involving competing free speech values, and then applies its solutions to violent and disruptive protests. Almost every First Amendment case can be framed as implicating free speech values on both sides of the First Amendment equation. Government action directly abridges speech, but government inaction may allow private parties too much control over others' speech. First Amendment doctrine, which generally protects speech only from suppression by state actors, can thus compromise the very free speech values that form the rationales for the First Amendment. Scholars and litigants have argued that government regulation of …

Or To The People: Popular Sovereignty And The Power To Choose A Government, Elizabeth Anne Reese

Cardozo Law Review

To protect state sovereignty, contemporary textualism has reinvigorated the Tenth Amendment as a judicially enforceable limit on federal powers. However, in casting the Tenth Amendment as the states' rights amendment, these textualists have inexplicably glossed over the Tenth Amendment's final four words, which reserve powers to "the people." This Article highlights this inconsistency and argues that this omission ignores a vital structural protection against federal and state tyranny. Viewed through the same textualism that reinvigorated state sovereignty, the Tenth Amendment's final words cannot be redundant or superfluous but rather define and protect the people as a sovereign body capable of …

Admissibility Of First Time In-Court Eyewitness Identifications: An Argument For Additional Due Process Protections In New York, Dakota Kann

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

From Guantánamo To Syria: The Extraterritorial Constitution In The Age Of "Extreme Vetting", Shawn E. Fields

Cardozo Law Review

This Article examines for the first time in scholarly literature whether and to what extent the Constitution applies extraterritorially to immigrants abroad. In particular, it explores whether non-detained immigrants and refugees outside the territorial boundaries of the United States can claim constitutional protection to challenge immigration policies and orders. The Supreme Court's recent willingness to reconsider the limits of the political branches' "plenary power" over immigration law and policy, coupled with the Court's recent extension of the Constitution to certain classes of extraterritorial noncitizens, suggests that a future role may exist for extraterritorial jurisprudence to inform constitutional immigration law. Using …

The Role Of Exit Rights: What The Theory Of The Firm Says About The Conduct Of Brexit Negotiations, Richard A. Epstein

Cardozo Law Review

The United Kingdom's (U.K.) June 2016 decision to exercise its great surprises option to leave the European Union (E.U. or Union) represents one of the in the complex history of supranational organizations. Most of the discussion in the wake of that decision has tended to stress the particulars of the referendum with regard to the short-term advantages and disadvantages of a decision that has clearly divided class and region within the U.K. Older individuals, and those who did not live and work in the Greater London area, tended to vote in favor of exit. Those who were younger and in …

Using Domestic Law To Move Toward A Recognition Of Universal Legal Capacity For Persons With Disabilities, Leslie Salzman

Cardozo Law Review

The article argues that plenary guardianship often violates the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and substantive due process rights by restricting individuals' autonomy and perpetuating segregation. It advocates for alternatives like supported decision-making to align guardianship practices with constitutional and ADA standards, promoting autonomy and inclusion.

Successor Liability In The Bankruptcy Context: The Problem Or The Solution?, Chelsea Donenfeld

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Jailing The Twitter Bird: Social Media, Material Support To Terrorism, And Muzzling The Modern Press, Rachel E. Vanlandingham

Cardozo Law Review

Social media companies such as Facebook and Twitter are vulnerable to federal criminal prosecution under 18 U.S.C. § 2339B, the material support to terrorism statute, for providing a means for terrorists and their sympathizers to glorify and pursue their violence on social media. This Article exposes that vulnerability as well as the material support statute's conflicts with the First and Fifth Amendments in this context, such as the statute's chilling effect. In particular, the Article explores how social media providers have responded to threats from the U.S. government by suspending hundreds of thousands of user accounts, effectively censoring constitutionally protected …

Spare The Rod, Save A Child: Why The Supreme Court Should Revisit Ingraham V. Wright And Protect The Substantive Due Process Rights Of Students Subjected To Corporal Punishment, Lekha Menon

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Prohibiting Child- Parent Visitation After Parental Rights Are Terminated By Trial In New York: A Denial Of Parental Due Process, Rachel Turetsky

Cardozo Law Review

The note argues that New York's current statutory framework denying posttermination contact for parents after a trial termination is constitutionally and policy-deficient. It advocates for a legislative amendment to permit courts to order posttermination contact or communication when it serves the best interests of the child, aligning with due process rights and the majority of U.S. jurisdictions.

Alternatives To Immigration Detention, Fatma E. Marouf

Cardozo Law Review

The United States places over 440,000 people each year in immigration detention, far more than any other country in the world. This Article argues that there are compelling humanitarian and financial reasons to utilize more alternatives to detention. It examines the strengths and limitations of existing alternatives, including the need to develop more community-based case management programs and to rely less on electronic monitoring. The Article then sets forth several legal arguments under the Constitution, Rehabilitation Act, and international human rights law for requiring greater consideration of alternatives to detention.

Two-Stepping Around A Minor's Constitutional Right To Abortion, Wendy-Adele Humphrey

Cardozo Law Review

A woman's constitutional right to abortion was first generally established in the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, and a female minor has the same right to abortion. In the majority of states, however, pregnant young women are required to either notify their parents or to get their parents' consent before obtaining a safe, legal abortion. These parental involvement laws do not infringe on a minor's constitutional right to abortion if a proper 'judicial bypass" proceeding is available. But in Texas, the recently amended judicial bypass law imposes additional extensive-possibly unconstitutional-restrictions on a pregnant minor who seeks a …

I Am Not Law Enforcement! Why The Special Needs Exception To The Fourth Amendment Should Apply To Caseworkers Investigating Allegations Of Child Abuse, Lauren Kobrick

Cardozo Law Review

The note examines the application of the Fourth Amendment's special needs doctrine in child abuse investigations, advocating for the adoption of a primary purpose test to determine the doctrine's applicability. It critiques the inconsistent approaches across circuits and proposes this test to clarify when warrantless searches and seizures by caseworkers are constitutional, ensuring a balance between child protection and Fourth Amendment protections.

The Constitutionality Of Sec Administrative Proceedings: The Sec Should Cure Its Alj Appointment Scheme, Kaela Dahan

Cardozo Law Review

The note examines the constitutional challenges surrounding the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) use of administrative law judges (ALJs), particularly under Section 929P of the Dodd-Frank Act. It argues that the SEC's ALJ appointment process violates the Appointments Clause, as current ALJs have not been properly appointed by SEC Commissioners. The note also highlights due process and Seventh Amendment concerns, as defendants in SEC administrative proceedings lack rights such as trial by jury and immediate appellate review. To maintain the integrity of its administrative processes, the SEC must adopt measures to ensure its ALJ appointments comply with constitutional requirements.

The Roberts Court And The New Textualism, Anton Metlitsky

Cardozo Law Review

The article explores the Roberts Court's approach to statutory interpretation, focusing on its adherence to the "new textualism," a methodology emphasizing the plain meaning of statutory text. While recent cases like King v. Burwell, Bond v. United States, and Yates v. United States appear to prioritize statutory purpose over textual meaning, the Court's reasoning reinforces its commitment to textualism by framing decisions within textualist methodology, even when outcomes seem to depart from strict textual interpretation.

John Roberts And Constitutional Law, Brianne J. Gorod

Cardozo Law Review

The article examines Chief Justice John Roberts's judicial approach during his first decade on the Supreme Court, highlighting his generally conservative jurisprudence while noting instances where institutional concerns about the Court's legitimacy led him to prioritize law over ideology. Roberts's record reflects a tension between his conservative ideological convictions and his commitment to the Court's institutional reputation.

Where Techs Rush In, Courts Should Fear To Tread: How Courts Should Respond To The Changing Economics Of Today, Melanie Defiore

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Insular Citizens: America's Lost Electorate V. Stare Decisis, Nathan Muchnick

Cardozo Law Review

The note examines the historical and ongoing implications of the Insular Cases, which established a form of colonial governance over U.S. territories like Puerto Rico, denying residents full citizenship rights. It argues that these cases, rooted in outdated political and racial biases, contradict modern democratic principles and urges the Supreme Court to overturn this precedent to enfranchise Puerto Rican citizens.

Securing Sequences: Ensuring Adequate Protections For Genetic Samples In The Age Of Big Data, Elizabeth R. Pike

Cardozo Law Review

Bulk collection of our personal data is increasingly common. Our internet browser history leads to personalized, targeted advertising; credit card companies aggregate billions of our collective transactions to gain insight into our spending patterns; and, as recently revealed, the National Security Agency engaged in the widespread collection of our telephone data without our knowledge or consent. But what if the data being collected, stored, shared, and used without our knowledge or consent is arguably the most personal of all data - our unique genetic sequence? In ways underreported and underexamined, the genetic information of nearly every American is likely to …

Birthright Citizenship On Trial: Elk V. Wilkins And United States V. Wong Kim Ark, Bethany R. Berger

Cardozo Law Review

In the summer of 2015, the majority of Republican candidates for president announced their opposition to birthright citizenship. The constitutional dimensions of that right revolve around two cases decided at the end of the nineteenth century, Elk v. Wilkins (1884) and United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898). The first held that an American Indian man born in the United States was not a citizen under the Fourteenth Amendment; the second, that a Chinese American man born in the United States was indeed a citizen under the amendment. This Article juxtaposes the history of these decisions. By showing the distinctive …

The Promise Of America, Joseph A. Greenaway Jr.

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Keeping It In The Kitchen: An Analysis Of Intellectual Property Protection Through Trade Secrets In The Restaurant Industry, Sarah Segal

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

No Better Instrument: The Necessity Of Notice And An Opportunity To Be Heard And The Due Process Deficiencies Of Nuisance Abatement, Elise Bernlohr

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.