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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 1969
Full-Text Articles in Law
Commercial Free And Open Source Software: Knowledge Production, Hybrid Appropriability, And Patents, Greg R. Vetter
Commercial Free And Open Source Software: Knowledge Production, Hybrid Appropriability, And Patents, Greg R. Vetter
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Pull Of Patents, Brett M. Frischmann
User Innovator Community Norms: At The Bounds Between Academic And Industry Research, Katherine J. Strandburg
User Innovator Community Norms: At The Bounds Between Academic And Industry Research, Katherine J. Strandburg
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Cops, Robbers, And Search Engines: The Questionable Role Of Criminal Law In Contributory Infringement Doctrine, Mark Bartholomew
Cops, Robbers, And Search Engines: The Questionable Role Of Criminal Law In Contributory Infringement Doctrine, Mark Bartholomew
Journal Articles
Online technologies have created a new litigation locus for intellectual property rights holders, one that targets intermediaries, not direct infringers. This unprecedented litigation strategy has put sudden pressure on the courts to evaluate the liability of indirect infringers. Without a developed body of precedent at their disposal, judges have resorted to analogies from the criminal law of accomplice liability to set the boundaries of contributory infringement. Does it make sense for intellectual property regulation to depend on the same principles that animate criminal law? This Article maintains that it would be a mistake to remake contributory infringement law in criminal …
Contributory Infringers And Good Samaritans, Mark Bartholomew
Contributory Infringers And Good Samaritans, Mark Bartholomew
Journal Articles
The introduction of online technologies has put increased pressure on the doctrine of contributory infringement as intellectual property rights holders switch their attention from direct infringers to Internet intermediaries. The Supreme Court has instructed lower courts to evaluate contributory infringement in light of traditional tort law. The common law of aiding and abetting, however, is so inconsistent as to offer no real guidance. A better approach lies in a separate but related area of tort doctrine. In a limited number of circumstances, tort law recognizes a duty to protect third parties from the actions of others. Like aiding and abetting, …
Things Are Worse Than We Think: Trademark Defenses In A 'Formalist' Age, Michael Grynberg
Things Are Worse Than We Think: Trademark Defenses In A 'Formalist' Age, Michael Grynberg
College of Law Faculty
Numerous articles decry the reach of modern trademark law. This article assumes the premise that these critiques are valid and asks what courts can do in response. The answer may be, not much. The “common law” practices that extended trademark’s scope are not up to the task of creating adequate countervailing defenses. Congress acquiesced to the judicial expansion of trademark liability by amending the Lanham Act with conforming language. That pattern is unlikely to be repeated for trademark defenses. The Supreme Court’s recent trademark precedents resist assertions of trademark rights beyond the express confines of the Lanham Act. If these …
Of Patents And Property, James Bessen, Michael J. Meurer
Of Patents And Property, James Bessen, Michael J. Meurer
Faculty Scholarship
Do patents behave substantially like property rights in tangible assets, in that they encourage development and innovation? This article notes that historical evidence, cross-country evidence, economic experiments, and estimates of net benefits all indicate that general property rights institutions have a substantial direct effect on economic growth. Conversely, with a few important exceptions like chemicals and pharmaceuticals, empirical evidence indicates that intellectual property rights have at best only a weak and indirect effect on economic growth. Further, it appears that for public firms in most industries today, patents may actually discourage investment in innovation for fear of winding up on …
The Andean Tribunal Of Justice And Its Interlocutors: Understanding Preliminary Reference Patterns In The Andean Community, Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter
The Andean Tribunal Of Justice And Its Interlocutors: Understanding Preliminary Reference Patterns In The Andean Community, Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter
Faculty Scholarship
In the European Union, national courts have been key intermediaries in helping to bolster and expand the authority of the European Court of Justice through its preliminary reference mechanism. This article analyzes the role of national judges in the Andean Community, a regional legal system whose judicial institution - the Andean Tribunal of Justice (ATJ) - was modeled directly on its European predecessor. Our analysis is based on an original coding of every publically available national court referral to the ATJ from 1987 to 2007 and interviews with over forty participants in the Andean legal system. We find that the …
Intellectual Property In The Twenty-First Century: Will The Developing Countries Lead Or Follow?, Jerome H. Reichman
Intellectual Property In The Twenty-First Century: Will The Developing Countries Lead Or Follow?, Jerome H. Reichman
Faculty Scholarship
This article continues the author's contributions on the subject of intellectual property protection in developing countries, and focuses on how those developing countries with growing technological prowess should accommodate their own national systems of innovation to the worldwide intellectual property regime emerging in the post-TRIPS period, with a view to maximizing global economic welfare in the foreseeable future.
Testing Modern Trademark Law's Theory Of Harm, Mark P. Mckenna
Testing Modern Trademark Law's Theory Of Harm, Mark P. Mckenna
Journal Articles
Modern scholarship takes a decidedly negative view of trademark law. Commentators rail against doctrinal innovations like dilution and initial interest confusion. They clamor for clearer and broader defenses. And they plead for greater First Amendment scrutiny of various applications of trademark law. But beneath all of this criticism lies overwhelming agreement that consumer confusion is harmful. This easy acceptance of the harmfulness of confusion is a problem because it operates at too high a level of generality, ignoring important differences between types of relationships about which consumers might be confused. Failure to differentiate between these different relationships has enabled trademark …
Information May Want To Be Free, But Information Products Do Not: Protecting And Facilitating Transactions In Information Products, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga
Information May Want To Be Free, But Information Products Do Not: Protecting And Facilitating Transactions In Information Products, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga
Law Faculty Publications
Information products-products that are used to organize, provide context, and distribute information-have gone largely unprotected by intellectual property regimes. As a result, producers of information products, such as databases and software, have resorted to alternative mechanisms to protect their investments. These mechanisms have resulted in both over-protection and under-protection of the information products. Further, the uncertainty in the boundaries of coverage, coupled with the resort to self-help mechanisms, may well inhibit, rather than facilitate, information flow. What is needed is a sui generis protection scheme for information products that clearly defines the boundaries and protection requirements for these works and …
When Worlds Collide: Intellectual Property At The Interface Between Systems Of Knowledge Creation, Introduction, Katherine J. Strandburg, Brett M. Frischmann, Jay P. Kesan
When Worlds Collide: Intellectual Property At The Interface Between Systems Of Knowledge Creation, Introduction, Katherine J. Strandburg, Brett M. Frischmann, Jay P. Kesan
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Notes On A Geography Of Knowledge, Michael J. Madison
Notes On A Geography Of Knowledge, Michael J. Madison
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Interface: The Push And Pull Of Patents, Peter Lee
Interface: The Push And Pull Of Patents, Peter Lee
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Regulation Of Creativity Under The Wipo Internet Treaties, Ruth L. Okediji
The Regulation Of Creativity Under The Wipo Internet Treaties, Ruth L. Okediji
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Keynote Address, Harmless Use: Gleaning From Fields Of Copyrighted Works, Wendy J. Gordon, Sonia Katyal
Keynote Address, Harmless Use: Gleaning From Fields Of Copyrighted Works, Wendy J. Gordon, Sonia Katyal
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Burden Of Knowledge, Christian Turner
The Burden Of Knowledge, Christian Turner
Scholarly Works
Sometimes we are better off not knowing things. While we often hear that "ignorance is bliss," there has not been a comprehensive consideration in the legal academy of the virtues of ignorance and its regulation. Though the distribution of knowledge, like the distribution of other goods, is affected both directly and indirectly by law, several characteristics of knowledge distinguish it from other kinds of property. Much has been written about the impact of the nonrival and nonexclusive nature of knowledge on its production and distribution. This Article centers around two other attributes of knowledge that combine to create a special …
Medimmune V. Genentec, Kelly Casey Mullally, Gregory Castanias, Franklin E. Gibbs
Medimmune V. Genentec, Kelly Casey Mullally, Gregory Castanias, Franklin E. Gibbs
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Patents Are Property: A Fundamental But Important Concept, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau
Patents Are Property: A Fundamental But Important Concept, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Ebay V. Mercexchange And Quanta Computer V. Lg Electronics, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau, F. Scott Kieff, Lawrence M. Sung, Thomas Woolston
Ebay V. Mercexchange And Quanta Computer V. Lg Electronics, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau, F. Scott Kieff, Lawrence M. Sung, Thomas Woolston
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
In The Wake Of Reinvigorated U.S. Supreme Court Activity In Patent Appeals, Lawrence M. Sung
In The Wake Of Reinvigorated U.S. Supreme Court Activity In Patent Appeals, Lawrence M. Sung
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Trespass-Copyright Parallels And The Harm-Benefit Distinction, Wendy J. Gordon
Trespass-Copyright Parallels And The Harm-Benefit Distinction, Wendy J. Gordon
Faculty Scholarship
Currently, the elements of a plaintiff’s cause of action for copyright largely follow the tort of trespass to land in that volitional entry (for land) or volitional copying (for copyright) gives rise to liability regardless of proof of harm and without any need for the plaintiff to prove the defendant acted unreasonably. Many scholars have criticized copyright law for following the strict liability model of real property trespass, and have suggested alternatives that would more resemble conditional causes of action such as unfair competition, nuisance, or negligence. In Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives, Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh argues that copyright plaintiffs …
Appropriability And Property, Yonatan Even
Appropriability And Property, Yonatan Even
American University Law Review
This paper challenges the malleability of the idea of property as a relative, indeterminate "bundle of rights", which appears to dominate property doctrine at least since Ronald Coase's "The Problem of Social Cost". Focusing on the core goals of property regimes, the paper proposes an alternative view of property rights - one that is centered on the ability of owners to appropriate the benefits of their assets in the face of a threat from numerous potential adversaries, rather than their ability to contract such assets away within a bilateral context. This appropriability problem, it is argued, is a defining concept …
Ending The Patent Monopoly, Michael B. Abramowicz, John H. Duffy
Ending The Patent Monopoly, Michael B. Abramowicz, John H. Duffy
GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works
For nearly two centuries, an inventor applying for a U.S. patent has been required to obtain the opinion of an expert who has searched the prior art and determined that the inventor’s application meets the standards of patentability. And for nearly two centuries, those expert opinions could be obtained only from a single office run by the U.S. government. The patenting monopoly, which is almost certainly undesirable, is now being eroded. Rising global trade and technological sophistication have increased the number of patent filings in every country; government patent offices here and abroad are thus being driven to rely on …
Replacing Slingshots With Swords: Implications Of The Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report For Developing Countries And The World Trading System, Georgia Hamann
Replacing Slingshots With Swords: Implications Of The Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report For Developing Countries And The World Trading System, Georgia Hamann
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
In December 2007, the WTO awarded Antigua the right to suspend TRIPS obligations at a value of $21 million. This decision represents the WTO's continuing evolution into a body capable of addressing the concerns of developed countries while balancing the legitimate interests of developed nations. For the second time, the WTO has authorized suspension of intellectual property protection under the TRIPS agreement. Such a remedy, if widely adopted, has the capacity to address concerns surrounding effective retaliation by small economies versus large economies, which traditionally have discouraged developing countries from participating in WTO dispute resolution. Additionally, the remedy seems likely …
Is There Such A Thing As Postmodern Copyright?, Peter Jaszi
Is There Such A Thing As Postmodern Copyright?, Peter Jaszi
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Back in 1992, artist/entrepreneur Jeff Koons suffered a humiliating setback when the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit repudiated the suggestion that his reuse of objects from public culture might constitute a "fair use" defense to a copyright infringement claim. Fourteen years later, in a case that again involved a photographer's claim of copyright infringement, Koons triumphed in the same judicial forum. What had changed? This Article explores, in particular, one among a variety of alternative explanations: Koons may have caught the very leading edge of a profound wave of change in the social and cultural conceptualization …
Tribute To John M. Kernochan – January 11, 2008, Jane C. Ginsburg
Tribute To John M. Kernochan – January 11, 2008, Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
Were it not for Jack, I probably would not be teaching at Columbia Law School today. Way back in 1983, Jack, then several years from emeritus status, determined to identify and recruit a prospective intellectual property scholar who would join him in building an IP program for Columbia, and might in the long run succeed him. Jack had read all the articles about copyright published by young scholars and would-be scholars, and then proceeded to contact some of the authors for interviews. The interview led, at least in my case, to an invitation to teach a session of Jack's "Business …
Convergence And Incongruence: Trademark Law And Icann's Introduction Of New Generic Top-Level Domains, Christine Haight Farley
Convergence And Incongruence: Trademark Law And Icann's Introduction Of New Generic Top-Level Domains, Christine Haight Farley
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This paper demonstrates how problematic convergences between Internet technology, the demands of a burgeoning e-market and trademark laws have created myriad issues in international governance of domain names. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the body that governs internet's infrastructure, recently approved a new policy that would allow it to accept applications for additional generic top-level domains (gTLDs). What ICANN contemplates is a uniform system to approve generic top level domains that is expected to have profound implications. Under this new plan anyone can apply for a new gTLD at any time and it could be literally …
Trademark Intersectionality , Sonia K. Katyal
Trademark Intersectionality , Sonia K. Katyal
Faculty Scholarship
Even though most scholars and judges treat intellectual property law as a predominantly content neutral phenomenon, trademark law contains a statutory provision, Section 2(a) that provides for the cancellation of marks that are “disparaging,” “immoral,” or “scandalous,” a provision that has raised intrinsically powerful constitutional concerns. The constitutional tensions surrounding Section 2(a), invariably, affect two central metaphors that are at war within trademark law: the marketplace of goods, which premises itself on the fixedness of intellectual properties, and the marketplace of ideas, which is premised on the very fluidity of language itself. Since the architecture of trademark law focuses only …
Cross-Border Injunctions In U.S. Patent Cases And Their Enforcement Abroad, Marketa Trimble
Cross-Border Injunctions In U.S. Patent Cases And Their Enforcement Abroad, Marketa Trimble
Scholarly Works
In surveying recent literature on difficulties with cross-border injunctions in patent cases, one may conclude that the problem appears to be limited to the phenomenon of pan-European injunctions granted by some courts in Europe in cases concerning infringements of foreign patents. However, even in cases concerning domestic patents, injunctions reaching beyond national borders can be issued; the empirical evidence presented in the paper demonstrates a variety of such instances in U.S. patent cases. Certainly the existence of such injunctions in the U.S. raises concerns about their enforceability in other countries, particularly when they are issued against a foreign entity that …