Law Commons^™

Discovery Of Breathalyzer Source Code In Dui Prosecutions, Aurora J. Wilson

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

In driving under the influence (DUI) cases, prosecutors habitually rely on the results from breathalyzer tests as proof of the defendant’s blood alcohol level at the time of arrest. In response, DUI defendants often attempt to compel discovery of the source code contained in the test device, which can reveal whether the breath test at issue was performed accurately. Despite the popularity of this strategy, nearly all states to consider the issue have denied the defendant’s motion for discovery of breathalyzer source code. The majority of courts construe state and federal rules of criminal procedure to limit discovery orders to …

Copyright Infringement Liability Of Placeshifting Services In The United States And Japan, Naoya Isoda

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Placeshifting is a convenient service that enables customers to enjoy television programs from their home countries even if they are in foreign countries. Placeshifting works by receiving/recording a television program in one country and then transmitting the digital data to customers everywhere in the world via the Internet upon each customer’s request. Because placeshifting may be involved with recording and/or transmitting copyrighted content, service providers must face the question whether they may be liable for copyright infringement. In the United States, the Second Circuit in Cartoon Network v. CSC Holdings decided the legality of placeshifting by requiring a “volition element” …

Following You Here, There, And Everytwhere: An Investigation Of Gps Technology, Privacy, And The Fourth Amendment, Stephanie Gaylord Forbes

W&M Law Student Publications

No abstract provided.

A Future Of Equality For Virginia's Tribes: Reform The Federal Recognition Process To Repair Injustice, Katherine A. Womack

Law Student Publications

This article first examines the historical background of the Virginian-American Indian identity after European contact in Part I. This section looks at the early interactions between American Indians and colonial settlers, the treaties that defined American Indian identity, and the first government-to-government relationships between the tribes and colonial powers. It also follows the changing social attitudes toward American Indians. Part II discusses how social attitudes in the early twentieth century about American Indians led to long-reaching legal effects for Virginian-American Indians. Part III details the federal recognition process, and discusses how and why it denies Virginia’s tribes an equal place …

Punishment V. Restoration: A Comparative Analysis Of Juvenile Delinquency Law In The United States And Mexico, Beth Caldwell

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article critiques the punitive approach to juvenile justice in the United States, particularly in California, by contrasting it with Mexico's restorative model, as seen in Oaxaca. It argues that the U.S. system violates international human rights standards, fails to address adolescent development, and prioritizes punishment over rehabilitation, while Oaxaca's approach aligns with the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child and incorporates restorative justice principles. The analysis calls for U.S. juvenile justice reform, urging policymakers to consider Oaxaca's model and align policies with adolescent brain development research and human rights frameworks.

Free Websites For Virginia Legal Research, Paul Hellyer

Library Staff Publications

It’s no secret that free websites give away content sold by high-cost subscription databases, but you might not know how useful free sites are. If you think there’s always a trade-off between cost and quality, think again. Some free resources for Virginia legal research are as good as—or better than—subscription sites. And some free resources aren’t quite as good as what you can buy, but are an option.

The Limits Of Global Judicial Dialogue, David S. Law, Wen-Chen Chang

Washington Law Review

The notion that “global judicial dialogue” is contributing to the globalization of constitutional law has attracted considerable attention. Various scholars have characterized the citation of foreign law by constitutional courts as a form of “dialogue” that both reflects and fosters the emergence of a common global enterprise of constitutional adjudication. It has also been claimed that increasing direct interaction between judges, face-to-face or otherwise, fuels the growth of a global constitutional jurisprudence. This Article challenges these claims on empirical grounds and offers an alternative account of the actual reasons for which constitutional courts engage in comparative analysis. First, it is …

Warmest Climes Nurse Cruelest Fangs: South Carolina's Hurricane Response In An Era Of Global Climate Change, J. Camden Hodge

Southeastern Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Learning How To Learn: Carnegie's Third Apprenticeship, Laurie Barron

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Covenants For The Sword, Alice Ristroph

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Enforcing A Parent/Child Relationship At All Cost?: Supervised Access Orders In The Canadian Courts, Fiona Kelly

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

Supervised access has become a key component of Canadian custody and access decision making in recent years, in large part due to a shift in attitudes towards post-separation contact between non-custodial parents, typically fathers, and their children. While the sole criterion upon which an access decision can be made is the “best interests of the child,” the increased emphasis on ensuring that children have “maximum contact” with each of their parents post-separation, and the particular focus on maintaining paternal contact, has meant that orders for “no access” have almost disappeared. In an effort to unpack the themes underlying supervised access …

Was Magna In The Public Interest?, Anita Anand

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Making Sense Of Magna, Edward Iacobucci

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

In 2010, Magna International Inc. (Magna) obtained court approval of an arrangement to buy back its super-voting shares, which placed control in the hands of a shareholder with 0.6 per cent of the equity, at a 1,800 per cent premium to non-voting shares. I agree with the decision to approve but disagree with some of the court's reasons. Magna's board failed to provide a clear description of the possible benefits of the transaction. For example, theory and empirical analysis challenge the board's suggestion that liquidity benefits would help justify the arrangement. The board and the court also failed to describe …

Making Sense Of "Moral Rights" In Intellectual Property, Brian A. Lee

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Class Of 2014 Incoming Il Law Students, St. Mary's University School Of Law, St. Mary's University School Of Law

Incoming 1L Photos (Facebooks)

Photographs of incoming law students for the St. Mary’s University School of Law, class of 2014

Behavioral Antitrust, Amanda P. Reeves, Maurice E. Stucke

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Triumph And Failure Of International Law, Ruth Gordon

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Mckissick V. Carmichael Revisited: Legal Education In North Carolina Through The Lens Of Desegregation Jurisprudence, Wendy B. Scott

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Creating New Law Or Restoring The Old - Retroactivity And The Americans With Disabilities Amendments Act Of 2008: A Comment On Eeoc V Autozone, Frederick J. Melkey

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Gambling By Another Name; The Challenge Of Purely Speculative Derivatives, Timothy E. Lynch

Faculty Works

Derivatives contracts can be used to hedge pre-existing risks, but they can also be used to speculate. This Article focuses on derivatives contracts in which both counterparties are speculators. These “purely speculative derivatives (PSD) contracts” have become increasingly common over the last several years and have notably resulted in the transfer of many tens of billions of dollars from institutions that had invested in the US subprime housing market to a handful of speculators who foresaw the market’s collapse, as well as many billions of dollars in fees to PSD brokers.

PSD contracts are problematic. PSD contracts are less-than-zero-sum transactions …

Family Law Education Reform: Progress And Innovation, Barbara Glesner Fines

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Improving The Fda Approval Process, Mark Van Der Laan, Anup Malani, Oliver Van Der Bembom

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

The FDA employs an average-patient standard when reviewing drugs: it approves a drug only if is safe and effective for the average patient in a clinical trial. It is common, however, for patients to respond differently to a drug. Therefore, the average-patient standard can reject a drug that benefits certain patient subgroups (false negative) and even approval a drug that harms other patient subgroups (false positives). These errors increase the cost of drug development – and thus health care – by wasting research on unproductive or unapproved drugs. The reason why the FDA sticks with an average patient standard is …

Derivation And Prior Art Problems With The New Patent Act, Joshua Sarnoff

College of Law Faculty

No abstract provided.

Improving The Fda Approval Process, Mark Van Der Laan, Anup Malani, Oliver Van Der Bembom

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

The FDA employs an average-patient standard when reviewing drugs: it approves a drug only if is safe and effective for the average patient in a clinical trial. It is common, however, for patients to respond differently to a drug. Therefore, the average-patient standard can reject a drug that benefits certain patient subgroups (false negative) and even approval a drug that harms other patient subgroups (false positives). These errors increase the cost of drug development – and thus health care – by wasting research on unproductive or unapproved drugs. The reason why the FDA sticks with an average patient standard is …

Richard A. Nagareda, "In Memorian" 1963-2010, Chris Guthrie, John C.P. Goldberg, Andrew R. Gould, J. Maria Glover

Vanderbilt Law Review

A year ago, many of us gathered in Vanderbilt University Law School's Flynn Auditorium to attend a "Celebration of the Life of Professor Richard Nagareda." Frankly, I didn't feel like celebrating, a sentiment I suspect others shared. Richard-scholar, teacher, mentor, colleague, friend, father, husband-had left this earth before any of us were ready to part with him. And yet, as the speakers shared their memories of Richard, the intense grief I had felt since learning of Richard's untimely death began to dissipate. There was then, and there remains now, so much to celebrate about his life. For in his forty-seven …

Should "Twombly" And "Iqbal" Apply To Affirmative Defenses?, Nathan Pysno

Vanderbilt Law Review

In 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court promulgated a new pleading standard in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, specifically holding that complaints must state a claim to relief that is "plausible on its face." The Twombly decision retired the well-established and more lenient pleading regime that reigned since the Court's 1957 decision in Conley v. Gibson. Two years after Twombly, the Supreme Court confirmed in Ashcroft v. Iqbal that neither the reach of the new plausibility standard nor the death of Conley was exaggerated. "Labels and conclusions" are now insufficient, as are "naked assertions devoid of further factual enhancement" and "unadorned …

When A Promise Isn't A Promise: Public Employers' Ability To Alter Pension Plans Of Retired Employees, Gavin Reinke

Vanderbilt Law Review

The economic downturn has placed enormous pressure on state budgets. The recession hit state pension funding plans for public employees particularly hard. Some projections indicate that, even with as much as an 8% return on their pension fund investments, seven states' funds will be out of money by 2020, and half of states' funds will be fully depleted by 2027.

State legislatures are scrambling to pass measures designed to return their pension funds to solvency. Most proposals only call for decreases in the amount of pension benefits provided to future retirees, but four states have gone much further. Colorado, Minnesota, …

Plea Bargaining, Discovery, And The Intractable Problem Of Impeachment Disclosures, R. Michael Cassidy

Vanderbilt Law Review

Several recent high-profile cases have illustrated flaws with the government's discovery practices in criminal cases and have put prosecutors across the country on the defensive about their compliance with disclosure obligations. The conviction of former Alaska Senator Ted Stevens on ethics charges was set aside after it was revealed that federal prosecutors withheld notes of an interview with a key government witness; one member of the Stevens prosecution team who was under investigation for contempt subsequently committed suicide. The Supreme Court remanded a double murder case from Tennessee for potential resentencing after it was revealed that state prosecutors had withheld …

Patently Impossible, Sean B. Seymore

Vanderbilt Law Review

The quest to achieve the impossible fuels creativity, spawns new fields of inquiry, illuminates old ones, and extends the frontiers of knowledge. It is difficult, however, to obtain a patent for an invention which seems impossible, incredible, or conflicts with well- established scientific principles. The principal patentability hurdle is operability, which an inventor cannot overcome if there is reason to doubt that the invention can really achieve the intended result. Despite its laudable gatekeeping role, this Article identifies two problems with the law of operability. First, though objective in theory, the operability analysis rests on subjective credibility assessments. These credibility …

Splitting The Baby: Standardizing Issue Class Certification, Jenna G. Farleigh

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Bible depicts King Solomon resolving a dispute between two women who claimed to be the mother of the same child. In the pursuit of justice, King Solomon threatened to do the unthinkable- slice the child in two. Although severing children is not a recommended vehicle for justice, severing lawsuits is. In fact, in the class-action context, the "issue class" established by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(c)(4) does just what King Solomon threatened-it severs litigation into pieces, allowing aggregate treatment of only certain issues in a given lawsuit. Residual issues are left to be determined in plaintiff-specific, follow-on suits. …