Law Commons^™

America's Apostasy, James C. Hathaway

Articles

It has often struck me that the prominence of the Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States epitomizes the plight of international law in this country. The title of this standard reference on international law does not even refer to international law, but instead to foreign relations law. That is, it is meant to set out the standards by which we may legitimately judge the conduct of others. The clear, if unintended, message is that the Restatement is not really a codification of laws that bind us. And indeed, it is explicitly not just a codification, but …

A Child's Right To Physical Integrity, Suellyn Scarnecchia

Articles

As we wring our hands over increasing reports of severe child abuse and how violent many of our children have become, it might be time to reassess policies that give parents and others the license to use even the most mild forms of violence against our children.

Constitutions And Spontaneous Orders: A Response To Professor Mcginnis, Adam C. Pritchard, Todd J. Zywicki

Articles

Professor John McGinnis has written a perceptive and provocative comment on our economic analysis of the role of tradition in constitutional interpretation.1 A brief summary of our areas of agreement and disagreement may help set the stage for this response. It appears that Professor McGinnis substantially agrees with the two central propositions of our article. First, he appears to agree with our definition of efficient traditions as those evolving over long periods of time from decentralized processes.2 Second, he explicitly agrees that Justices Scalia and Souter have adopted sub-optimal models of tradition because they rely on sources that lack the …

The Tentative Case Against Flexibility In Commercial Law, Omri Ben-Shahar

Articles

Well-rooted in modern commercial law is the idea that the law and the obligations that it enforces should reflect the empirical reality of the relationship between the contracting parties. The Uniform Commercial Code ("Code") champions this tradition by viewing the performance practices formed among the parties throughout their interaction as a primary source for interpreting and supplementing their explicit contracts. The generous recognition of waiver and modifications, as well as the binding force the Code accords to course of performance, course of dealings, and customary trade usages, effectively permits unwritten commercial practices to vary and to erode explicit contractual provisions.

Jury Reform At The End Of The Century: Real Agreement, Real Changes, Phoebe C. Ellsworth

Articles

Complaints about the jury system and calls for its reform are nothing new-they have probably existed as long as the jury system itself. Warren Burger called for the reform of the civil jury in 1971'; in 1905 William Howard Taft decried the contemporary tendency "to exalt the jury's power beyond anything which is wise or prudent .... ,2 Judges complain to judges, lawyers complain to lawyers, legal academics write articles about the jury for other legal academics, social scientists report their research on juries to other social scientists, and the jurors themselves go home and express their exasperation to their …

Rejoinder (Response To Article By William G. Bowen And Derek Bok), Terrance Sandalow

Articles

In The Shape of the River, presidents Bowen and Bok pronounce the race-sensitive admission policies adopted by selective undergraduate schools a resounding success. The evidence they adduce in support of that conclusion primarily concerns the performance of African-American students in and after college. But not all African-American students in those institutions were admitted in consequence of minority preference policies. Some, perhaps many, would have been admitted under race-neutral policies. I argued at several points in my review that since these students might be expected to be academically more successful than those admitted because of their race, the evidence on which …

John H. Jackson: Master Of Policy - And The Good Life (A Tribute To John Jackson), Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

A faculty can make no prouder boast than the claim that some of its members are the preeminent figures in the country in their particular fields. During my years at Michigan, I believe that claim could fairly be made for at least eleven of our colleagues. For obvious reasons, I shall not reveal my complete list. On a celebratory occasion like this, however, I trust it will not seem indiscreet for me to name John Jackson as one of my choices. I shall leave the more nuanced assessments of John's work to the experts. But from my nonspecialist's perspective, John …

Markets As Monitors: A Proposal To Replace Class Actions With Exchanges As Securities Fraud Enforcers, Adam C. Pritchard

Articles

Fraud in the securities markets has been a focus of legislative reform in recent years. Corporations-especially those in the high-technology industry-have complained that they are being unfairly targeted by plaintiffs' lawyers in class action securities fraud lawsuits. The corporations' complaints led to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 ("Reform Act"). The Reform Act attempted to reduce meritless litigation against corporate issuers by erecting a series of procedural barriers to the filing of securities class actions. Plaintiffs' attorneys warned that the Reform Act and the resulting decrease in securities class actions would leave corporate fraud unchecked and deprive defrauded …

Tax Consequences Of Assigning Life Insurance - Time For Another Look, Douglas A. Kahn, Lawrence W. Waggoner

Articles

The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 furnishes the courts and the Internal Revenue Service an opportunity to close certain loopholes in the federal tax consequences of assigning life insurance. About twenty years ago, we published an article arguing that the tax consequences of assigning life insurance affords taxpayers unwarranted opportunities for tax avoidance. Since then, developments in the case law and Internal Revenue Service rulings have broadened the loopholes. In the update of our article, we show how the new tax law supports our original position.

Confessions, Search And Seizure And The Rehnquist Court, Yale Kamisar

Articles

About the time William Rehnquist ascended to the Chief Justiceship of the United States, two events occurred that increased the likelihood that Miranda would enjoy a long life. In Moran v. Burbine,' a 6-3 majority held that a confession preceded by an otherwise valid waiver of a suspect's Miranda rights should not be excluded either (a) because the police misled an inquiring attorney when they told her they were not going to question the suspect she called about or (b) because the police failed to inform the suspect of the attorney's efforts to reach him.

Family Law And Gay And Lesbian Family Issues In The Twentieth Century, David L. Chambers, Nancy D. Polikoff

Articles

Over these thirty years, lesbians and gay men have increasingly challenged conventional definitions of marriage and the family. In this brief article, we tell the story of gay people and family law in the United States across this period. We divide our discussion into two sections: issues regarding the recognition of the same-sex couple relationship and issues regarding gay men and lesbians as parents. These issues overlap, of course, but since family law discussions commonly treat adult-adult issues of all sorts separately from parent-child issues, we believe it convenient and helpful to do so as well.

Intellectual Property As An Investment: A Look At How Adr Relates To The European Union’S Proposal For Electronic Commerce In The Single Market, Melissa Devack

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This Note addresses the importance of designing effective ADR provisions to the EU’s Directive on Electronic Commerce in the Single Market. The advantages arbitration offers will be demonstrated through its current use in settling copyright disputes that arise from online activity. Part I will define e-commerce and will outline the forum for its online transactions, the Internet. In addition, it will discuss the difficulty of regulating activity in virtual space and the types of issues left for the legal field to resolve. Part II will set out the framework of the EU and its vision for economic and monetary union. …

Employers And Employees Beware: The Duties Imposed By The Recent Supreme Court Decisions And Their Impact On Sexual Harassment Law, Jill Kreisberg

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The comment examines the Supreme Court's decisions in Faragher and Burlington Industries, which clarified employer liability for sexual harassment by supervisors under Title VII. The Court established that employers are vicariously liable for supervisor harassment, subject to a limited exception if the employer can demonstrate reasonable efforts to prevent misconduct and the employee unreasonably failed to utilize corrective measures. These rulings resolved conflicting lower court standards and emphasized the importance of anti-harassment policies and procedures to address workplace harassment effectively.

A Solomonic Decision: What Will Be The Fate Of Frozen Preembryos?, David H. Fiestal

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The Kass v. Kass case highlights the legal complexities surrounding disputes over frozen preembryos post-divorce, emphasizing the court's reliance on prior agreements and the need for a balanced legal framework that respects individual rights while addressing medical advancements.

Motion Pictures, Moral Rights, And The Incentive Theory Of Copyright: The Independent Film Producer As "Author", Stuart K. Kauffman

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Giving Meaning To The Second Generation Of Adr Education: Attorneys' Duty To Learn About Adr And What They Must Learn, Suzanne J. Schmitz

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This article explores the need for attorneys to learn about ADR and sets out a basic primer for the second generation of ADR education. Part II of this article details why attorneys have a duty to be educated about ADR. Part IV sets out an ADR primer, with recommended readings, for litigation and transactional attorneys who desire to meet the expectations of the courts and of their clients.

Brownfields Policies For Sustainable Cities, Joel B. Eisen

Law Faculty Publications

My analysis begins in Part I with a short summary of brownfields law and policy, and a description of our current understanding of "sustainable development." There is no hard and fast definition of the term, but it is increasingly more clear that a body of sustainable development "law" will take shape as the product of a host of decisions made now and in the near future. The optimal way to ensure that brownfields programs mesh with this body of law-whatever it turns out to be-is to incorporate basic norms of sustainable development about which there is widespread agreement. Those agreed-upon …

From Stockholm To Kyoto And Back To The United States: International Environmental Law's Effect On Domestic Law, Joel B. Eisen

Law Faculty Publications

In Part I, I begin my discussion of the relationship between the two legal regimes with a brief introduction to modern international environmental law to assist those whose knowledge is as limited as mine was not too long ago. I also describe how the Allen Chair Symposium and seminar series was designed to facilitate exploration of major trends in international environmental law. Part II provides a more in-depth look at the specific relationship between domestic and international environmental law. I conclude that international environmental law informs domestic law as a wellspring of law leading to domestic innovation, a complement to …

Blocked Pathways: Potential Legal Responses To Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Noah M. Sachs

Law Faculty Publications

Over fifty different chemicals may have endocrine disrupting effects, and these chemicals permeate our environment. We may be exposed to them through the products we use, the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breath. Although there is a clear need for further research into EDCs, the legal and regulatory communities should begin to consider the types of responses that may be appropriate if the scientific evidence grows stronger.

This article describes and assesses potential legal responses to EDCs, focusing on regulation and litigation, and concludes that existing legal tools will probably be inadequate to respond …

Managed Care And Mental Health: Clinical Perspectives And Legal Realities, Jesse Goldner

All Faculty Scholarship

Managed care is beginning to dominate the delivery of mental health services. The Article reviews limitations on managed care's ability to deal adequately with mental illness. It discusses empirical and other research examining the use of primary care providers as gatekeepers and it explores utilization review mechanisms, focusing particularly on providers' responses to UR. The impact on quality, access and continuity of care on discrete populations is analyzed. The article then surveys a variety of legal issues in the regulation of managed care, particularly as they apply to the provision of mental health services. These include ERISA, parity and liability …

Montana Offer Of Judgment Rule: Let's Provide Bonafide Settlement Incentives, Russell C. Fagg

Montana Law Review

Montana Offer of Judgment Rule: Let's Provide Bonafide Settlement Incentives

Doctors, Lawyers, And The Unabomber, Joel S. Newman

Montana Law Review

Doctors, Lawyers, and the Unabomber

The Imminent Demise Of Interspousal Tort Immunity, Carl Tobias

Montana Law Review

The Imminent Demise of Interspousal Tort Immunity

Protecting The President's Limited Expectation Of Privacy During An Investigation May Justify The Protective Function Privilege For The Secret Service, L. Darnell Weeden

Montana Law Review

Protecting the President's Limited Expectation of Privacy During an Investigation May Justify the Protective Function Privilege for the Secret Service

Clean Air, Congress And The Constitution: Why Delegation Ruling Was Correct, David Schoenbrod

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Enforcing Family Promises: Reliance, Reciprocity, And Relational Contract, Melanie B. Leslie

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Squaw Drudges, Farm Wives, And The Dann Sisters' Last Stand: American Indian Women's Resistance To Domestication And The Denial Of Their Property Rights, Allison M. Dussias

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Legal Accountability For Utilization Review In Erisa Health Plans, Jeffrey E. Shuren

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Standing Up For Minority Coworkers - White Males Do Not Have Aggrieved Person Standing For Hostile Environment Actions Under Childress V. City Of Richmond, David B. Hawley

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Ideology Of Shame: An Analysis Of First Amendment And Eighth Amendment Challenges To Scarlet-Letter Probation Conditions, Phaedra Athena O'Hara Kelly

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.