Law Commons^™

Encouragement Of Employment Of The Handicapped, Howard D. Fabing, Roscoe L. Barrow

Vanderbilt Law Review

Six million Americans of employable age have a physical impairment which is sufficiently serious to hinder them in finding employment. Included among the handicapped are orthopedics, those having defective vision, hearing or speech, cardiacs, diabetics, epileptics, and others. Employment of handicapped persons is in the interest of society. Employed, the handicapped are tax-payers; unemployed, they are tax-spenders. If they are not given the employment which they desire the handicapped are forced to become a charge on society. To secure their employment, however, is a problem of great magnitude, requiring the cooperation of employers, employees, interested civic organizations and governmental agencies …

Conditions In The Law Of Contracts, Merton Ferson

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conditions Precedent. Assume that a contract obligation has been created. When must the obligor perform? In some cases the performances become due by the mere passing of time. But in many cases the performances are not due until and unless certain other events have occurred. These other events are called conditions precedent. Until they come to pass the obligor may omit performance with impunity. He has an excuse that will stay the hand of the obligee. The case of Shadforth v. Higgin' will serve to illustrate the immunity of an obligor when a condition precedent has not come to pass. …

Some Problems Arising Under The Workmen's Compensation Law Of Tennessee, R. Wayne Estes, Doris A. Dudney

Vanderbilt Law Review

Although there are many problems arising under the Workmen's Compensation Laws of Tennessee, it appears that here, as elsewhere, the most difficult questions are those arising out of the interpretation of the phrases "injury by accident," "arising out of," and "in the course of," employment. The present study is therefore limited to a consideration of these three particular problems, and does not purport to be a comprehensive treatment of the entire topic of Workmen's Compensation Law in Tennessee.

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Jurisdiction to Modify Custody Decree after Child's Domicile Changes--Full Faith and Credit in Third State

Constitutional Law--Freedom of Speech--"Prior Restraint" of Motion Pictures

Corporations--Uniform Stock Transfer Act--Effect of Notice of Restriction on Transfer

Criminal Procedure--Contempt--Extent of Power of Trial Judge to Punish Summarily

Evidence--Post-Accident Statements--Theories of Admissibility

Insurance--Automobile Theft Policy--Meaning of "Possession" in Exclusionary Clause of Policy

Malicious Prosecution--No Recovery for Base Less Civil Action--Necessity of "Special Injury"

Malpractice--Negligent Prescription of Habit--Forming Drugs--Patent's Simulation of Pain as Contributory Negligenic

Book Reviews, John W. Wade

Vanderbilt Law Review

Cogitations on Torts

By Warren A. Seavey.

Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1954. Pp. 72. $2.00

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Selected Topics on the Law of Torts

By William L. Prosser

Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1953. Pp. xi, 627.

The Controversy Over Federal Regulation Of Independent Producers Of Natural Gas, Jerome M. Alper

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Natural Gas Act,' enacted in 1938, gives to the Federal Power Commission the power of comprehensive regulation over the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce and over the sale in interstate commerce of natural gas for resale. Under this statute the Commission has regulated the activities of the interstate pipelines which link the distant market points with the producing fields. One of the most controversial questions arising in the administration of the Act has been whether the producers and processors which sell the natural gas to the interstate transmission lines are subject to the Act. The question remained …

The Place Of Unemployment Insurance Within The Patterns And Policies Of Protection Against Wage-Loss, Stefan A. Riesenfeld

Vanderbilt Law Review

The following paper deals with an intricate and perplexing subject, covering an enormous expanse. For modern society has produced income-maintenance schemes of infinite variety and tremendous complexity. Perhaps the most outstanding and important point is the fact that it has developed them at all. When, however, it comes to classifying the different existing systems and to unraveling and correlating their underlying policies, a task resembling the labor of the Danaides is assumed.

The Coverage Of Unemployment Compensation Laws, Alanson W. Willcox

Vanderbilt Law Review

The federal tax which induced the states to enact unemployment compensation laws set a pattern of coverage which the states were under pressure to meet, but which they were wholly free to exceed. With notable exceptions, state coverage is shaped to conform with federal law. In this matter, indeed, federal leadership is so far accepted that the charge of federal "dictation" has not, as it has in other aspects of unemployment compensation, prevented some expansion of the system by federal initiative.

Coverage of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act starts with the concept of "employment" as the determinant of tax liability, …

Eligibility For Benefits, Lee G. Williams

Vanderbilt Law Review

The various state unemployment compensation statutes measure eligibility for unemployment "benefits" or "insurance" or "compensation" by means of a variety of yardsticks. "In the Federal-State system of unemployment insurance established in this country under the Social Security Act, the individual states have been free to develop the particular program that seems best adapted to conditions prevailing within the State. Consequently no two state laws are alike; and the differences are increased by amendments from year to year."

The term "eligibility," as used in the unemployment compensation field, includes many statutorily prescribed factors which themselves differ from state to state. These …

The Labor Dispute Disqualification -- A Primer And Some Problems, Jerre S. Williams

Vanderbilt Law Review

Particularly in the last five years there has been a substantial maturing of the labor dispute disqualification of the various state unemployment compensation statutes. The unpredictable and vacillating administrative decision has given way to more authoritative court decision. In turn, the nonconforming court decision has tended to disappear as clear majority interpretations of the various questions arising under the disqualification begin to develop. Further, and perhaps most significantly, a number of states which have experimented with various nonconforming types of labor dispute disqualification provisions have tended to abandon these experiments and return to the more conventional pattern. Hence, with regard …

Experience Rating: Its Objectives, Problems And Economic Implications, Edwin R. Teple, Charles G. Nowacek

Vanderbilt Law Review

Within a decade, the system of rate differentiation which has become one of the distinctive characteristics of the unemployment insurance program in the United States spread from the North Woods to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. The idea so vigorously advocated by Professors John R. Commons and Harold M. Groves, and their Wisconsin colleagues, having been first put into effect under the Wisconsin Law in 1938, was finally incorporated in the Mississippi Law in 1948. Though unknown to the older European systems, experience rating thus took a firm grip upon the program in this country.

A Symposium On Unemployment Insurance - Foreword, Stuart Rothman -- General Counsel, Federal Security Agency

Vanderbilt Law Review

Any statutory program which has such an impact on our economic life is worth consideration by law students and lawyers. More and more, workers and employers will need to consult with lawyers about their rights under the unemployment insurance laws. An increasing number of unemployment insurance cases are being appealed to the courts and an increasing amount of unemployment insurance legislation is being introduced in state legislatures. This symposium will give law students, lawyers, judges and legislators some background information, as well as a discussion of significant legal problems; it will help all to a better understanding of the unemployment …

Administrative Law Problems In The Unemployment Insurance Program, Reginald Parker

Vanderbilt Law Review

"A good government," Albert Einstein said recently, "not only gives its citizens a maximum amount of liberty and political rights but also provides for a certain amount of economic security."' Our Constitution provides for political rights and liberties but not for economic security. Unlike foreign federal constitutions it neither provides for it directly nor delegates social legislation to the states; nor does the Constitution expressly prohibit this type of law. As, however, the Constitution authorizes the states to exercise powers not reserved to the central government, it may be deduced that unemployment relief legislation is within the competence of the …

Book Reviews, Lloyd P. Stryker, Howard J. Graham (Reviewer)

Vanderbilt Law Review

Book Reviews

The American Lawyer

Albert P. Blaustein Charles O. Porter with Charles T. Duncan Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,1954. Pp. xiii, 360. $5.50.

reviewer: Lloyd Paul Stryker

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American Business Corporations Until 1860; with Special Reference to Massachusetts

By Edwin Merrick Dodd. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954. Pp. xix, 524. $7.50

reviewer: Howard Jay Graham

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

RECENT CASES

Criminal Law--Insanity--Test of Irresponsibility

Criminal Procedure--Continuances--Delay of Trial Because of Crowded Civil Docket

Elections--Underage Candidate--Power of Judiciary over Names Appearing on Ballot

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure--Impleader--UnderRule 14(a)--Effect of Judgment between Plaintiff and Third-Party Defendant

Husband and Wife--Expenses of Last Illness--Husband's Right to Reimbursement under Wife's Will

Joint Tort Feasors--Release of One as Release of All--Application of Rule when First Tort Feasor is not Legally Liable

Restraint of Trade--Employee's Covenant Not to Compete--State-Wide Restraint

Specific Performance--Conveyance of Leased Premises upon Lessee's Exercise of Option to Purchase--Defense of Hardship

Unemployment Compensation--"Suitable" Employment--Refusal of Sabbath on Religious Grounds

Wrongful Death--Unborn …

Book Note, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Book Note

Tax Planning for Estates (1955 Revision)

By William J. Bowe

Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1955. Pp. 98. $3.00

Disqualification For Unemployment Insurance, Paul H. Sanders

Vanderbilt Law Review

Our public arrangements in this country for compensating unemployment (including the aggregate of federal and state legislation to that end) are quite properly referred to as an "insurance" program.' Study of the elements of coverage in an insurance policy will be found instructive, therefore, in the matter of eligibility and disqualification for unemployment benefits. A contract of insurance is designed to transfer certain defined risks from the insured to the insurer. The risks selected for this process in a particular policy will be described or stated affirmatively in its provisions. Certain exclusions from the risk may be specified for even …

Federal Standards In Unemployment Insurance, Frank T. De Vyver

Vanderbilt Law Review

Some of the most vigorous arguments during meetings of the Federal Advisory Council of the Bureau of Employment Security have concerned federal standards.' "Federalizers" was the name attached by industry groups to those advocating change in existing standards, and labor groups strongly denounced industry members of the Council for insisting that existing federal standards are sufficient. Nor did industry members hesitate to condemn the Secretary of Labor, the Director of the Bureau of Employment Security and other Bureau employees for suggesting legislation to strengthen federal standards. Discussions of the subject at Council meetings were never free from emotion. Yet an …

The Guaranteed Annual Wage And Unemployment Compensation, Ernest J. Eberling

Vanderbilt Law Review

The recent demands of the CIO unions for the guaranteed annual wage have aroused considerable interest in this issue among those concerned with labor-management relations. Several factors have accentuated this interest. First, during 1954 when these demands were being pressed with considerable vigor, a recession had developed,resulting in a considerable increase in unemployment levels. Second, these demands were made on mass production industries manufacturing durable goods which are subject to wide variations in demand and output during periods of cyclical change. Third, the recent proposals are taking a form quite different from the existing plans, namely, they propose an integration …

The Development Of Unemployment Insurance In The United States, Arthur Larson, Merrill G. Murray

Vanderbilt Law Review

The federal-state system of unemployment insurance in the United States is the result of a combination of influences. At its inception, it was influenced by experience with unemployment insurance abroad, by experience with voluntary plans already in existence in this country, by bills that had been introduced in state legislatures over a period of years, and by a number of studies that had been made by official commissions and students of the subject. Its structure was also considerably affected by the fact that those chiefly responsible for drawing up the original legislation had a background of experience in the administration …

Interstate Aspects Of Unemployment Insurance, Emmett Conner, Charles K. Cosner

Vanderbilt Law Review

State-operated systems of unemployment insurance, first instituted in the United States in Wisconsin in 1932, were set up in all of the states, and in the District of Columbia, Hawaii and Alaska within the two years following the enactment in 1935 of Titles III and IX of the Social Security Act.' Mutual problems of administration and of coordination among the various state programs led to a series of conferences of state officials charged with the operation of the systems. These early conferences were informal in nature, but steps were taken looking toward the creation of a formal organization. With the …

Suggestions For The Improvement Of Municipal Annexation Law, Wallace Mendelson

Vanderbilt Law Review

World War II aggravated one of our most troublesome municipal problems--the growth of urban fringe areas around the outskirts of towns and cities. Many municipalities are finding their natural development either frustrated or completely strangled by choker necklaces of satellite settlements. Parent cities are surrounded by slum areas which they cannot control and wealthy suburban sections which they cannot tax. For it is common that the poorest and the most prosperous tend to live in the outskirts--the former to avoid the sanitation and anti-nuisance standards of urban life, the latter to escape their share of the cost of government in …

Manipulation Of Share Priorities, Alfred F. Conard

Vanderbilt Law Review

Investors, who seldom read law reviews, continue to put their money into preferred stocks. In the last five reported years, approximately 3 billion of dollars worth of preferred shares have been offered to the public, or more than a third of the value of all stock offered. Can Mr. Becht and the investors both be right?

Presumably the investors are directing their attention to different aspects of preferred stock than is Mr. Becht. Like other lawyers, he is considering what managements can do to preferred shareholders if they do their worst. His conclusions are based on the records of cases …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--ALIENS--CONSTITUTIONALITY OF McCARRAN ACT

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--DUE PROCESS--DUTY OF NON-RESIDENT VENDOR TO COLLECT USE TAX

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--DUE PROCESS--TAXABLE SITUS OF PROPERTY OF INTERSTATE AIR CARRIER

DOMESTIC RELATIONS--INFANTS--RIGHT TO DISAFFIRM SEPARATION AGREEMENT

DOMESTIC RELATIONS--RES ADJUDICATA--FAILURE TO CROSS CLAIM IN SEPARATE MAINTENANCE SUIT AS BAR TO SUBSEQUENT DIVORCE

FEDERAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE--FEDERAL STATUTORY RIGHT--CHARACTERIZATION OF RIGHT FOR PURPOSE OF APPLYING STATE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS

INCOME TAXATION--TAXABLE INCOME--INCLUSION OF PROCEEDS OF PUNITIVE DAMAGES

NATURAL GAS ACT--STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION--SCOPE OF STATUTE AS AFFECTED BY SUBSEQUENT DECISIONS

NEGLIGENCE--USED-CAR DEALER--DUTY TO INSPECT

SALES--IMPLIED WARRANTY--REQUIREMENT OF PRIVITY BETWEEN PROCESSOR AND ULTIMATE CONSUMER

TORTS--UNATTENDED AUTOMOBILE STATUTE--LIABILITY OF OWNER FOR …

Aspects Of The Military Law Of Confessions, Robert D. Duke

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Uniform Code of Military Justice, which became effective in May, 1951, was enacted largely in response to the criticisms leveled at the administration of military justice during World War I. The Code reflected the prevailing feeling that military justice should be brought more nearly into line with the criminal procedures followed in civilian courts. To further this objective, Congress required that in general court-martial cases legally qualified counsel be appointed to represent both the Government and the accused. The position of "law officer" was created and invested with much of the authority exercised by a federal district judge in …

Tennessee Labor Decisions: 1901-1954, James C. Kirby Jr.

Vanderbilt Law Review

Any survey of a state's decisional law in the labor field should include some reference to the jurisdiction of its courts over labor controversies. There would be no separate body of substantive labor law but for the intervention of Congress into employment relations affecting interstate commerce with comprehensive legislation designed to strengthen the worker in his collective capacity.' The administration of this legislation by the National Labor Relations Board provides the great majority of case law governing the employment relationship. However, that residue which may be regulated exclusively or concurrently by the states is an important one, as evidenced by …

Book Reviews, Nels F.S. Ferre, Seymour W. Wurfel (Reviewer), Lloyd S. Adams (Reviewer)

Vanderbilt Law Review

Few topics are currently more at the center of both interest and need than that of Dr. Stumpf's new book. The ship of democracy is being tossed by heavy seas. Many are looking for a haven of faith. They tell us that the ship cannot stay afloat unless it reaches the well-protected harbor of religion. It needs at least to be overhauled, they say, and made more seaworthy in that harbor before it braves again the heavy onslaughts which it must necessarily breast. Dr. Stumpf probes too deeply into the relation between democracy and religion, however, to fall prey to …

Procedure And Evidence -- 1954 Tennessee Survey, Edmund M. Morgan

Vanderbilt Law Review

Generally: The strict rules of pleading are not applicable in a will contest,' which is a proceeding sui generis and regulated by statute. Demurrer. A demurrer to a cross-bill in chancery on the ground that it "states no cause of action upon which relief can be granted" is a nullity, and should be stricken on motion.

Plea in Abatement: Where the chancellor upon hearing a plea inabatement of another action pending for the same cause, found that the cause was substantially the same, and granted plaintiff permission to file the bill in the later suit as an amended or supplemental …

Personal Property And Sales -- 1954 Tennessee Survey, Clyde L. Ball

Vanderbilt Law Review

This article is limited to cases involving transfers of personal property by gift or by sale, and the resultant legal relationships. Cases involving liens on personal property, chattel mortgages, and those dealing with sales in bulk are discussed in the article on Creditors' Rights and Security Transactions in this Survey.'

Torts -- 1954 Tennessee Survey, John W. Wade

Vanderbilt Law Review

There were over forty appellate decisions during the past year in the field of Torts. All but about half a dozen of these involved Negligence, and half of the Negligence cases involved traffic accidents. A reading of this latter group is well calculated to induce an automobile driver to use more care in the future.

In the great majority of Negligence cases the defendant owes the plaintiff a duty to use care. As Judge Howard expressed it in Monday v. Millsaps: "Whenever one person is by circumstances placed in such a position with regard to another that it is obvious …