Law Commons^™

Admiralty--Punitive Damages Awarded, P. B. S., J. V. K., W. E. H.

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Admiralty--Punitive Damages Awarded under the Jones Act

P.B.S.

Subpoena of Documents Located in Foreign Jurisdictions Where Compliance Subjects Witness to Civil or Criminal Sanctions in Foreign State

J.V.K.

Release of American Serviceman to Foreign Court for Trial is not Violative of Due Process Where Substantial United States Constitutional Guarantees are Provided by Foreign Court

W. E. H.

The Role Of Law In The Negotiated Settlement Of International Disputes, James K. Irvin

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

One of the chief functions of any legal system is to provide the machinery for settling disputes between members of the society which the system serves. No legal system can be expected to solve all such disputes, but law can create an atmosphere in which the parties themselves may effect, without bloodshed, the resolution, minimization or avoidance of disputes. The disputants may choose an arbiter or conciliator to reach a settlement for them, or they may bargain and compromise until they find a common basis for an agreement ending the dispute. The latter process, called negotiation, is the most effective …

International Security Markets, Robert L. Knauss

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

I would like to concentrate on what we might call the international aspects of the European securities markets and, if nothing else, to define a couple of terms. What I want to do first is to look at the question of integration of capital markets, and what we mean by that term. Is it really easier for a French company to raise capital in Belgium than a company from the United States? Has there been any integration in the Common Market? Do foreign issuers raise capital on national securities markets in the currency of that market? I think we have …

The Problems: An Overview, Mark S. Massel

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Securities regulation -- domestic and foreign -- has a technical fascination for the lawyer, whether he be a practicing attorney, corporate counsel, government regulator, or legal scholar. The intricate detail of the primary regulations and of their subsidiary byways provide opportunities for stimulating mental gymnastics. The piecing together of the various phases provides interesting occasions for experimentation, speculation, and analyzation.

Yet, a preoccupation with securities regulation which overlooks the setting can produce mere academic exercise. The need for an appreciation of the setting is all-important in examining foreign securities regulation. In considering United States securities regulation we do not need …

Peking And The Mysterious West, Howard L. Boorman

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The task of keeping the Western world, or at least the United States, convinced that Chairman Mao and his current associates in the Forbidden City at Peking are madmen is both demanding and deadening. The Russian Communist leaders in Moscow, it is estimated, devote six days weekly to the chore, a stint paralleled by the Chinese Nationalist leaders in Taipei. Dedicated anti-Communists from New York to Long Beach contribute significantly to the effort, And the Chinese Communists themselves, not to be outdone, appear to allot roughly half their working hours to programs designed to convince the American Congress that they …

International Agencies And The Capital Formation Process, Lester Nurick

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The theme of my address will be (a) the principal means by which the international public lending institutions (principally the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development--the World Bank), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)) join with others in the channeling of funds from private, governmental and other international sources for development projects, and (b) some of the main legal problems which arise.

An operation of this kind is usually called a joint financing operation. However, it should be noted that in a sense every loan by an international organization for …

Headnotes, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

With this issue the Vanderbilt International enters its second year of publication and attempts to continue a metamorphosis from International Law Society newsletter to scholarly legal journal. While the birth of the International has been accompanied by the welcome emergence of numerous other international legal periodical, it is hoped that this publication will make a singular contribution by providing a medium for interdisciplinary analyses of international problems. Eventually, each issue will be a symposium in which a particular problem will be discussed by economists, political scientists, lawyers, and, of course, law students.

Some Comments On Burdell V. Canadian Pacific Airlines, Andreas F. Lowenfeld

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Frank Burdell was the Far Eastern representative of an American heavy-equipment company, stationed in Singapore. At the end of February 1966, Burdell traveled to Tokyo on a Singapore-Bangkok-Hong Kong-Tokyo and return ticket, purchased in Singapore from Cathay Pacific but using Canadian Pacific Airlines for the Hong Kong--Tokyo portion of the journey. Canadian Pacific's flight 402 from Hong Kong to Tokyo on March 4, 1966, arrived over Tokyo in a fog, circled for about an hour, finally came in to land, and crashed into the rear wall at the end of the runway killing its crew of ten and all but …

A Comparison Of The Roles Of American And Civil Law Judges In The Development Of The Law, James C. Hair

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The traditional distinction between a judge in the Civil Law System and his counterpart in the United States is that the former only applies codified law, while the latter not only applies but also "makes" law through judicial decision. The theory underlying the Civil Law System holds that development of the law is the exclusive province of the legislature and that judges are not to engage in such activity unless the legislature permits it. In France, for example, to ensure that judges do not exceed their authority, the Civil Code prohibits a judge, under threat of criminal sanction, from basing …

Headnotes, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

On April 4, 1969, the American Society of International Law (ASIL) and the Vanderbilt International Law Society held a Conference on Legal Problems of International Capital Formation. The Symposium appearing in this issue of the International directly results from this Conference.

Manuel F. Cohen, former Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, begins the Symposium with a brief overview of the development of international securities markets in Europe. Mark S. Massel then suggests the questions a businessman or lawyer should ask before making foreign investment. Lester Nurick shows how international organizations, especially the World Bank, join with private parties in …

Legal Problems Of International Capital Formation, Manuel F. Cohen

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In the past ten or fifteen years, a revolution has been going on in the financial and securities field. This phenomenon is only an aspect of a wider revolution which is occurring throughout our society. To understand these revolutions, one must understand not only the economic issues but also the national interests and prejudices that affect governmental action. For example, securities law is moving in a slightly different direction in Canada from that in the United States. This introduction sets forth what I sense is going on in Western Europe.

Unless the people whose savings the market wishes to tap …

Introduction: Symposium On The Legal Problems Of International Capital Formation, Manuel F. Cohen

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In the past ten or fifteen years, a revolution has been going on in the financial and securities field. This phenomenon is only an aspect of a wider revolution which is occurring throughout our society. To understand these revolutions, one must understand not only the economic issues but also the national interests and prejudices that affect governmental action. For example, securities law is moving in a slightly different direction in Canada from that in the United States. This introduction sets forth what I sense is going on in Western Europe. Unless the people whose savings the market wishes to tap …

Securities Regulation In Selected European Countries, Mitchell Brock

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In approaching the subject of securities regulation in selected European countries, I will not attempt to provide a detailed description of the existing arrangements in the principal European countries. I shall of course to some degree descend to the "nitty gritty" of concrete details to give to airy generalizations a local reality, but my principal objective will be to discuss the economic context, the structure of the capital markets in which the regulatory authorities are performing their functions.

This economic context is pertinent to an understanding of why the pattern of regulation differs in many respects from that existing in …

The Common Market Twenty-First Century (With An International Franchising Assist), Bernard Goodwin

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The development of a supranational economy calls for novel legal approaches to bridge the gaps created by national boundaries. These barriers are now too artificial with the increasingly accelerated pace of an ever-shrinking world of speedy, even instantaneous, communications, much more so than they were in the pre-Industrial Revolution era ending with the close of the eighteenth century.

To understand the possibilities of a supranational economy, it will be helpful to look briefly at history, because some intergroup action or economy has always existed among neighboring groups. It was usually the power of one group over another that controlled their …

The Outer Space, Antarctic And Pell Treaties--Similar Solutions To A Common Problem, Allen W. Rigsby

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

During the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in those rules of international law governing the exploration and exploitation of ocean space. This is due primarily to the recent upsurge of technological developments among the highly industrialized nations. Rivalry between the U.S.S.R. and the United States has spurred these two countries, in particular, to a high level of competition in the field of ocean mining technology. The less highly developed countries are also interested in exploiting the ocean space in order to bolster their own economies. The traditional principle governing the law of the oceans has been …

United States Participation In International Agreements For The Preservation Of Human Rights, A. Hamilton Cooke

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The past two decades of international legal history have been characterized by an increased emphasis upon the importance of the individual as a proper subject of international law. Revolutionary changes have occurred in the area of human rights with the completion of various declarations, covenants, and conventions aimed at the preservation of specific rights within a framework of international law. The continuing importance and relevance of this general subject was symbolized by the designation of 1968 as the International Year for Human Rights in honor of the twentieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

This paper examines the …

The French Conseil D' Etat: A Case Study In Boundary Maintenance, Robert Carp, Harrell Rodgers

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Very little is known about the role that courts play in the total political system of a nation. In two recent works Professors Walter Murphy and Joseph Tanenhaus have centered attention on this question and have isolated some of the major functions of courts and developed several working hypotheses concerning these functions. They suggest that one of the major functions of constitutional courts consists of "defining the rules of the political game and determining the boundaries of authority between competing public officials as well as the boundaries between governmental authority and individual liberty." In approving or disapproving the acts of …

Vietnam And Public International Law: Comment, Anthony A. D'Amato

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

With each international crisis inevitably come the self-styled "realists" proclaiming that there is no such thing as public international law. The Vietnam war is no exception, although here, due to the unusual complexity of the facts and the controversy over the applicable rules of international law, many of the published replies to the "realist's" positions have themselves been insubstantial and unconvincing. Let us look first, briefly, at the arguments of one of the realists, and then, with equal brevity, at some of the counter claims. The remainder of this comment will be addressed to the larger issues involved and some …

Shipowners' Limitation Of Liability In International Seafaring Disasters, Joseph N. Barker

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Adherence to the principle of strict limitation of liability in any area of the law has been out of vogue since the time of Winterbottom v. Wright. This is true whether it be in the area of products liability, master-servant relations, or international air travel. The trend is to remove all limitation on recoveries available under our law for death or injury. An exception is the limitation of liability in maritime disasters. Here, in this watery domain, the narrowness that formerly dominated the field of products liability continues to exist. Some critics condemn such strict limitation as an anachronism in …

Nato Before And After The Czechoslovak Crisis, Leo J. Reddy

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

There are few black and white issues in the field of foreign relations. The problems that NATO faced and that our government faced as a member of NATO in responding to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia illustrate at least some of the complexities that may not have been evident in the news reports. For example, there is a widely held impression that NATO was in a state of decline prior to August 20, 1968 when the Soviet armies marched on Prague, and that this event snatched the organization from the jaws of historical oblivion. This statement greatly oversimplifies the actual …

Artificial Islands Constructed On United States Continental Shelf Denied Status Of Independent Sovereignty, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The United States brought injunction and trespass claims in the federal district court against three private persons to prevent the unauthorized construction of artificial islands atop several submerged coral reefs located about four and one-half miles off the southeast coast of Florida. These reefs were composed of the skeletal remains of coral organisms and lay at a depth of 600 feet. The reefs continued to grow laterally, but had reached their maximum height and were completely submerged at all times except at low tide when their highest projections were momentarily visible. The reef area, which harbored countless varieties of marine …

Professor Elliott E. Cheatham, John J.A. Hossenlopp, William B. Reynolds

Vanderbilt Law Review

Professor Cheatham taught far more than legal rules. By imparting to his students a sense of his commitment to achieving excellence through self-education, he indeed prepared them well. Of course, the ideas and insights which he afforded them will continue to guide all students of the law. To those who follow to the classroom he now leaves behind, we offer on his behalf a thought which, more than any other, calls to mind both his teachings and the way he lives: "The great lawyer has always been a great teacher and his best pupil is himself."'

Elliott E. Cheatham: His Contributions To A Developing Sense Of Professional Responsibility, Robert E. Mathews

Vanderbilt Law Review

It may not, after all, be difficult to be a nunc pro tunc prophet, but it takes real imagination to think of it. Hindsight is quite another matter; all of us are constantly explaining how a better decision years ago would have made for a happier world today. But to think in 1947 of assuming oneself to have been prophesying in 1897 as to what would be the state of affairs fifty years thence reveals an imaginative gift of some magnitude. Not only does it offer a sure-fire guaranty of accuracy of prediction, but also it dramatizes the fallibility of …

Elliott E. Cheatham - Gentleman, Richard R. Powell

Vanderbilt Law Review

It was suggested to the writer that he write about Elliott E. Cheatham as a colleague in the field of legal education. This is but one aspect of his special preeminence, but any aspect of this man finds its ultimate foundation in his underlying and pervasive qualities as a gentleman. Kindly in the face of student stupidity, gentle in persuading his obstinate colleagues, loving in his more personal relations, the man embodies the best that can be connoted by the phrase "Southern gentleman."

The Published Works Of Elliott E. Cheatham, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Published Works of Elliott E. Cheatham

conflict of laws, legal education, professional standards

BOOKS CASES AND MATERIALS ON CONFLICT OF LAWS Chicago, 1936(with others); 2d edition, 1941; 3d edition, Brooklyn, 1951; 4th edition, 1957; Supplement, 1961; 5th edition, 1964.

CASES AND OTHER MATERIALS ON THE LEGAL PROFESSION. Chicago, 1938; 2d edition, Brooklyn, 1955.

COURS GENERAL SUR PROBLEMES ET METHODES EN MATIERE DECONFLIT DE LOIS. Paris, 1960. A LAWYER WHEN NEEDED. New York, 1963.

ARTICLES

What Can Law Schools Do to Raise the Standards of the Legal Profession? Symposium on Co-operative Efforts to Raise the Standards of the Legal Profession), …

Elliot E. Cheatham, Phillip C. Jessup

Vanderbilt Law Review

A man of great courage and a fighter for principle, he would never surrender, but if conscience and conviction permitted, he would have great pleasure in giving. As one of our other colleagues has suggested to me, Elliott Cheatham's greatness as a teacher' is due to the fact that he is always eager to give. I have witnessed many examples of Elliott's modesty, which should not be mistaken for any wobbly lack of self-confidence. When he pleads that he has limitations which suggest the desirability of seeking someone else for an honor or place of distinction or a juridical contribution, …

Private International Law And Its Sources, Elliott E. Cheatham, Harold G. Maier

Vanderbilt Law Review

Professors Cheatham and Maier raise the question, "What are the sources of the law applied in private international cases?" The authors consider this question under two main headings. The first deals with the "authoritative sources" of private international law applied in United States courts. It considers the question, Where, within the complex governmental structure of the United States, does power over private international matters rest?" Several possible sources are considered: public international law, state law, and federal law, and within federal law, the major components: international agreements, legislation, federal common law and executive law. The second part of the article …

Book Reviews, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Since there has never been an era in which as much aggregate contemplation has been expended on the problems involved in the protection of literary property, Professor Patterson's book is both timely and important. The issues involved are being widely debated and discussed, but unfortunately much of the current discussion appears to be proceeding more from emotion, oratory, and vested concern than from detached and dispassionate logic. For this reason especially, the scholarly, sound history in Professor Patterson's new monograph is certain to be welcome, as it cuts through four centuries of continuing obfuscation and confusion and clarifies considerably the …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Divorce-- Minimum Contacts Doctrine Extended to Non-Resident in Alimony Award

Conflict of Laws--Torts--Law of Forum Applies to Accident Involving Only Out-of-State Motorists

Constitutional Law--Desegregation--States Are Required To Take Affirmative Action To Desegregate Higher Education Facilities

Constitutional Law--Selective Service Act--Fifth Amendment Requires Civil Judicial Review of Draft Board Classification and Induction Orders

Public Welfare--Substitute Father Regulation Inconsistent with Social Security Act and Invalid Criterion for Denying AFDC Payments to Needy Children

Taxation--Corporate Income Tax--Pre-Sale Declaration of Dividend by Subsidiary in Amount Equal to Retained Earnings Held Tax-Exempt Inter-Corporate Dividend on Receipt by Parent

Eec, John W. Wade

Vanderbilt Law Review

Elliott Cheatham is a man of young ideas--often radical ones. His thoughts and plans are of the future, and he looks to the past only for the lessons it gives as to how the future can be improved. He thinks always of the "energizing forces of the law."' He sees the turmoil and vicissitudes of contemporary society as a challenge to the law, the lawyer, and the law school, to identify the values in them and find a way for law to produce the orderly change which will capture and utilize those values. He can sternly and firmly prod and …