Law Commons^™

Regulating Conflict Of Interest Of Public Officials: A Comparative Analysis, Ross F. Cranston

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Conflicts between the public duties and private interests of government officials have received considerable attention and have produced a variety of legislative and executive actions. President Carter laid down high standards of behavior for his appointees; Congress tightened its financial disclosure requirements in 1977 and the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 embodies some of these measures in legislation. Britain established a register of Parliamentarians' interests in 1975 and a Royal Commission has made a report on the standards of behavior in public life. An Australian Joint Parliamentary Committee recommended a register of Parliamentarians' interests in 1975, and now a …

Recent Decisions, James A. Walker, Charles A. Daughtrey, A. Dale Wilson

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW--PRESIDENT'S ATTEMPT UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDER TO REMOVE PRESIDENTIALLY APPROVED CAB ORDER FROM SCOPE OF THE WATERMAN DOCTRINE

James A. Walker

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EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES--TRADEMARK RIGHTS--COURT OF JUSTICE PREVENTS THIRD PARTY FROM AFFIXING TRADEMARK TO GOODS SOLD UNDER ANOTHER MARK

Charles Anthony Daughtrey

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THE TREATY POWER--THE PROPERTY CLAUSE PERMITS THE TRANSFER OF UNITED STATES PROPERTY THROUGH SELF-EXECUTING TREATY

A. Dale Wilson

In Search Of An International Solution To Bribery: The Impact Of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Of 1977 On Corporate Behavior, Steven M. Morgan

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Since enactment, the FCPA has been criticized for its ambiguity, pitfalls, and underlying policy weakness. For instance, a payment of $10,000 to a customs official by X Corporation in order to speed a shipment of perishables through customs would be a legal facilitating payment under the FCPA. Under the same circumstances, however, a $100 payment to a Cabinet minister who has the discretionary power to clear the shipment will subject the X Corporation to a million dollar fine and expose the guilty company officer, director or employee to a jail term of up to five years for violating the FCPA. …

Book Reviews, Kevin M. Clark, Charles A. White, Jr.

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

LEGAL REASONING AND LEGAL THEORY

Philosophers have always questioned the nature of rationality. The history of philosophy appears to many as an ongoing struggle between dogmatism and scepticism, between those who defend the broad scope of reason and those who assert its strict limitation. Concern for the nature of reason has thus become almost synonymous with philosophy. In the past few decades, however, the nature of this concern has changed in a fundamental manner, giving rise to inquiry into the interrelation between different modes of rationality.

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MILITARY OBEDIENCE

Two major characteristics, the concepts of command responsibility and obedience to …

The Texas Bar In The Nineteenth Century, Maxwell Bloomfield

Vanderbilt Law Review

As the twentieth century approached, bar leaders increasingly complained that the open bar, like the open range, had outlived its usefulness. In 1899 the Texas Bar Association began a vigorous lobbying effort for more restrictive regulation of attorneys. The state legislature responded four years later with a bill that required all future bar candidates to take a standardized written examination.The results of this new approach were immediate and gratifying to those who clamored for a more exclusive profession. While approximately four hundred candidates had applied for, and obtained, a license between August 1, 1896, and August 1, 1897, only ninety …

Law And Disorder In Nineteenth-Century Kentucky, Robert M. Ireland

Vanderbilt Law Review

Nineteenth-century Kentuckians responded paradoxically to their criminal justice system. Although they complained constantly about the inadequacies of their constabulary, they refused to appropriate funds necessary to establish more efficient police forces. And while they carped continually about the ineffectiveness and ineptitude of prosecutors, the slowness and timidity of judges, the permissiveness of juries, and the leniency of governors, they also expressed equal concern about the rights of the accused and the convicted. By their ambivalence, nineteenth-century Kentuckians reflected an internal conflict that historically has characterized the response of Americans to the problem of crime. A free and dynamic society inevitably …

Essays On Problems And Prospects In Southern Legal History, Kermit L. Hall

Vanderbilt Law Review

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., once urged historians to study the law because it offered a magic mirror whose reflections divulged fundamental social values.' Holmes' plea on behalf of the utility of legal history has relevance for southerners intrigued by the possibility of their historical distinctiveness. Without a basis of comparison, however, the search for southern exceptionality becomes a quest after the arcane. As C. Vann Woodward observed,southern history ought to tell all Americans, not southerners alone,something about their common pasts. Woodward argued that attaining this goal was entirely feasible, since certain aspects of the southern past, such as slavery …

China's Joint Venture Law: A Preliminary Analysis, Preston M. Torbert

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

China's Joint Venture Law is an impressive step towards modernizing the Chinese economy with the help of Western managerial and technical help. It is, however, unclear and incomplete in several respects. In assessing the nature of the Joint Venture Law as it presently stands and in forecasting the changes that will be made, it is helpful to look both to the experiences of Romania and Yugoslavia as well as to China's own experience with compensation trade and joint state-private enterprises. Not only are these prior experiences valuable from an analytical point of view, but they are also useful as practical …

To Bring To An End The State Of War: The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, John F. Murphy

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This article will describe and evaluate the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, and set it in historical and contemporary perspective in order to highlight some of the primary problems facing decision-makers in their deliberations on approaches to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. The article will then consider alternative courses of action available to the world community in light of principles of the United Nations Charter and of other sources of public international law and justice, political feasibility and the perceived interests of all parties to the conflict. Lastly, it will suggest new approaches to the problem, with a view …

Recent Decisions, Jamie S. Martin, Margaret H. Fiorillo, J. Andrew Hoyal, Ii

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--COMMERCE CLAUSE--STATE TAX ON INSTRUMENTALITIES OF FOREIGN COMMERCE INVALID WHEN TAX RESULTS IN MULTIPLE TAXATION AND IMPAIRS FEDERAL UNIFORMITY IN REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE

Jamie S. Martin

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IMMIGRATION--LAWFUL UNRELINQUISHED DOMICILE--DEPORTABLE RESIDENT ALIEN MUST ACCUMULATE SEVEN YEARS OFLAWFUL DOMICILE SUBSEQUENT TO ADMISSION FOR PERMANENT RESIDENCE TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR DISCRETIONARY RELIEF

Margaret H. Fiorillo

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LONGSHOREMEN'S AND HARBOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION ACT--MANUFACTURER MAY SUE STEVEDORE FOR INDEMNIFICATION FROM LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF LONGSHOREMEN'S INJURIES--THEORY OF EQUITABLE CREDIT DOES NOT APPLY TO THE LHWCA

J. Andrew Hoyal, II

Unilateral Termination Of The 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty Between The United States And The Republic Of China Pursuant To The President's Foreign Relations Power, Ronald P. Cima

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The act of terminating a treaty may initiate an international embroglio or create international arrangements as effectively as the act of entering into a treaty. Although the ramifications of each act may be significant, recent United States commentary has expressed greater concern over the constitutional efficacy of the methods by which the United States has entered international agreements than over the methods by which the United States has removed itself from them. President Carter's unilateral termination of the 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of China has raised the issue of which branch ought to …

Department Of Justice Opinion Letter, Patricia M. Wald

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Department of Justice supports the main purpose of these bills, that is, expeditious exposure of, and effective opposition to, secret cartel arrangements supported by foreign governments that cause direct injury in U. S. commerce. The Department of Justice also welcomes support for accelerated efforts toward international resolution of restrictive anticompetitive business practices. However, the Department, for the reasons stated above, recommends against enactment of H.R. 13921 and H.R. 13922 in their present forms.

We do believe the continued exploration and discussion of the need for enactment of a reporting requirement for foreign, governmentally-involved, cartels would be worthwhile. We have …

The Cartel Restriction Act Of 1979: Response To A Global Economic Problem, Albert Gore

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The potential for workable cartels presently exists in several commodities, and host-countries and multinationals have already initiated or attempted cartel activities in minerals and agricultural goods. The recent success of the OPEC cartel was a significant factor influencing the formation of the uranium cartel by easing corporate and governmental inhibitions against cartel activities. Given the increasing exploitative attitude among developed countries and what has been termed the "irrational solidarity" among developing countries, it is not unreasonable to expect more imitations of OPEC success wherever market conditions would allow a group of producers to extract monopoly rents from consuming nations. Such …

Foreign Nationals And Agencies Of Foreign Governments As Persons Under The Freedom Of Information Act: A Question Of Constitutionality, Lloyd F. Leroy

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This note will first examine the FOIA as it is juxtaposed against the President's power in the area of foreign affairs. Particular attention in this area will be directed to the expressed congressional purpose for passage of the FOLA and the President's role as sole voice of the nation in international relations. Next, the conflicting interests will be highlighted by means of a hypothetical fact situation in which the FOIA dictates disclosure of information which the President feels must be withheld because of foreign policy considerations. Finally, this note will propose some solutions to both the practical problems presented and …

The Applicability Of Shaffer To The Quasi-In-Rem Attachment Of Foreigners' Assets, Steven H. Becker

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Note proposes to examine the nature of United States contacts availed of by foreign defendants, and to determine the impact of Shaffer on the potential assertion of quasi-in-rem jurisdiction based on those contacts. It is instructive to consider quasi-in-rem jurisdiction's relation to four possible scenarios involving a foreign defendant: (1) the foreign defendant who owns real estate in this country; or (2) maintains deposits in United States banks; or (3) invests in securities that are registered locally; or (4) extends credit to United States companies or individuals on a regular basis. This Note ultimately concludes that in light of …

The Due Process Mandate And The Constitutionality Of Admiralty Arrests And Attachments Pursuant To Supplemental Rules B And C, Jon L. Goodman

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In the past decade, the area of procedural due process, including traditional doctrines of in rem and quasi in rem jurisdiction, has undergone a constitutional facelift. As a result, two of admiralty's most extraordinary features--maritime attachment and garnishment and actions in rem--have been questioned from a constitutional standpoint.

The United States Supreme Court inaugurated the new era with its decision in Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp. In that case, the Court first began changing its procedural due process philosophy by broadening its conception of constitutionally protected forms of property. Having narrowly addressed itself to the question of what constitute constitutionally …

Book Reviews, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Book Reviews

MERCHANTS OF GRAIN Dan Morgan New York: The Viking Press,1979. Pp. xiv, 387. $14.95.

Reviewed by Leo V. Mayer

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THE DISCIPLINE OF LAW Lord Denning London: Butterworths, 1979. Pp. xxii, 331.

Reviewed by P. F. Ashman

Book Review: How Nations Behave, Alfred P. Rubin

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

he point of view of How Nations Behave is that of the experienced teacher and wise statesman. Henkin begins by pointing out that all statesmen assume the binding force of some fundamental rules such as: treaties must be obeyed, ambassadors protected, territorial integrity of others respected, and that failure to observe these rules has the most dire consequences. Those consequences rarely involve the use of force, but those who define "law" to include only coercive systems based on a monopoly of force cannot, in their analysis of international relations or in their practical decisions as statesmen, take account of one …

Corporal Punishment In Public Schools: Constitutional Challenge After Ingraham V. Wright, Charles L. Schlumberger

Vanderbilt Law Review

Corporal punishment has been employed to maintain discipline and order in American schools since the colonial period.' During that era, the practice was not restricted to the classroom: corporal punishment was the generally accepted mode of correction for practically every civil and criminal offense. Attitudes toward correction did not begin to change until after the American Revolution. Since then, corporal punishment has been steadily discarded as a method of correction in both prisons and the military. Despite discontinuance in these areas, corporal punishment remains a well-established facet of the American educational process. Only a few states and municipalities have legislative …

State Buy-American Laws - Is There A Judicial Solution?, George C. Lamb, Iii

Vanderbilt Law Review

State buy-American statutes are among the most peculiar of legislative responses to problems of unemployment and low levels of economic growth in the United States. Designed to decrease unemployment among American workers by promoting the development of American industry, the statutes typically require that purchasers of goods to be used in state-subsidized projects prefer products manufactured in America over those made in foreign countries, often regardless of price or quality.' State buy-American statutes are presently in effect in a number of states, despite criticism that they constitute devices of economic protectionism for domestic goods and barriers to a unified United …

Proposed Legislative Solutions To Tax Shelter Partnership Abuses - The End Of The Aggregate Concept?, Thomas E. Settles

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Note first will set forth the Treasury Department's perception of the present abuses of tax shelter partnerships and will analyze existing procedural rules, the Treasury Department's proposed amendments, and the House of Representatives' proposed amendments in light of these abuses. Next, the Note will examine the substantive law of Subchapter K and will attempt to point out the probable effects of the proposed amendments on the aggregate concept of partnerships, on substantive partnership tax law, and on the viability of the partnership form of business. Finally, this Note will propose a solution to the problem of tax shelter partnership …

Implied Private Right Of Action Under Section 17 Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934, Andrew Bor

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and vested it with broad regulatory and enforcement powers. While one of the purposes of the Act is to protect investors, the SEC has long recognized that it lacks the resources to fully accomplish that goal. Consequently, plaintiffs injured by actions in violation of the Act have sought remedies in the federal courts that have been willing to imply private rights of action under the securities laws. Recently, however, the Supreme Court has indicated that it will restrict the scope of remedies available to private litigants, thus …

Recent Publications, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Bar Admission Rules and Student Practice Rules

Edited by Fannie J. Klein with contributions by Ms. Klein, Steven H. Leleiko, and Jane H. Mavity

In this single volume, the Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility provides the first comprehensive collection of state and federal bar admission and law student practice rules. - - - - - - - - -

Desegregation from Brown to Alexander: An Exploration of Supreme Court Strategies

By Stephen Wasby, Anthony D'Amato,and Rosemary Metrailer.

In 1954, the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (Brown I) held that "separate" education for blacks …

Post-Dissolution Liabilities Of Shareholders And Directors For Claims Against Dissolved Corporations, D. Gilbert Friedlander, P. Anthony Lannie

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Article initially will explore the nature and extent of shareholders' and directors' liabilities for contingent claims against the dissolved corporation by examining section 105 of the Model Business Corporation Act and the case law of those states that have adopted the Model Act.' Two purposes underlying the Model Act are uniformity and progressive resolution of issues inadequately resolved by the common law or earlier statutes. An exhaustive analysis of the case law under section 105 of the Model Act, however,reveals that both purposes have been frustrated, if not defeated. First, uniformity among jurisdictions, as well as within each Model …

Denial Of Standing To Private,Noncommercial Consumers Under Section 4 Of The Clayton Act, David L. O'Daniel

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Sherman Act and the Clayton Act are efforts by Congress to promote a free and competitive economy and to compensate those injured by anticompetitive activities. To supplement government enforcement, section 7 of the Sherman Act provided a means of combating antitrust violations through private treble damage actions. Section 4 of the Clayton Act, which superseded section 7 of the Sherman Act with only slight modification, provides for treble damage actions by "any person who shall be injured in his business or property by reason of anything forbidden in the antitrust laws"....

In light of the uncertainty regarding private consumer …

Plaintiff's Standard Of Care After Hochfelder: Toward A Theory Of Causation, Robert P. Bryant

Vanderbilt Law Review

The extended debate by the Institute illustrates the logical and even emotional difficulty of dealing with the victim of an admittedly intentional deception who has acted foolishly in his own behalf and does not seem to deserve recovery. The crux of the controversy in the common law deceit cases mirrors that in the 10b-5 cases:should the victim have to investigate, and what might trigger an obligation to investigate? As this discussion demonstrates, tort principles provide some guidance. In deceit cases, the obligations placed on the plaintiff arise from the requirement that his reliance be justified. To the extent that his …

Reference Guides To State Legal Bibliography: A Composite Review, Marvin R. Anderson

Vanderbilt Law Review

At present, the curriculum at almost all law schools includes a first-year course teaching the fundamentals of the legal method.The practical value of these courses, however, has been questioned. One criticism of the current course structure is the overemphasis placed on the basics of legal research and legal writing to the detriment of legal bibliography.More pertinent to this review is another practice of these classes-the use of certain national-in-scope legal research texts that cannot treat fully the many special characteristics of published legal materials in the various states. To know that states have similar publishing practices for codes, session laws, …

Alternatives To Absolute Termination Of Parental Rights After Long-Term Foster Caret, Andre P. Derdeyn, Andrew R. Rogoff, Scott W. Williams

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Article will explore in detail the variety of child placement arrangements, both within and outside the system, which can be tailored to meet the needs of children and their biological or foster parents. This examination will reveal numerous statutory reforms and recent judicial decisions that promise increasingly flexible approaches to the traditional custodial alternatives following long-term foster care. Particular emphasis will be devoted to the termination of parental rights case that first united the authors and confronted them with the fact that none of the traditional legal alternatives available to those children could adequately meet their emotional needs.

Competing Merger Offers - Disclosure And Related Problems, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

An attractive company that makes known its desire to find a merger partner or announces an agreement in principle to merge with another corporation is likely to receive multiple inquiries or multiple offers from acquisition-minded corporations. This Note examines various problems and duties confronting a publicly held company' that receives multiple merger inquiries and offers. The starting point for this analysis is one court's directive that a proxy statement soliciting shareholder approval of a merger recommended by management must disclose competing merger offers from third parties if such offers are "definitive" and "may" be more advantageous to the shareholders than …

Natural Gas Rate Design: A Neglected Issue, Richard J. Pierce, Jr.

Vanderbilt Law Review

The theses of this Article are: (1) the present method of allocating natural gas costs among consumers produces significant allocative inefficiency that has contributed to the present problems in the natural gas market and is certain to create even greater problems in the future; (2) the new rate designs suggested over the past years in regulatory and congressional debates would do little to eliminate the allocative inefficiency inherent in present rate designs and would introduce unnecessary collateral problems; (3) several approaches to the rate design issue potentially could eliminate or greatly reduce allocative inefficiency at a tolerable cost; and (4) …