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Gates, Leon And The Compromise Of Adjudicatory Fairness: (Part Ii)-Aggressive Majoritarianism, Willful Deafness, And The New Exception To The Exclusionary Rule, Joel J. Finer

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This Article will offer an elaboration of the idea of judicial "aggressiveness" (which Professor Stone, by and large, leaves undefined) through examination of the majority opinion in United States v. Leon and its application in Massachusetts v. Sheppard. It will also advance the thesis that the majority in Leon exhibited a particular kind of aggressiveness--willful deafness.

Subpoenas To Criminal Defense Lawyers: Proposal For Limits, Ellen Y. Suni

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Hearsay Rule, Peter K. Westen

Book Chapters

The hearsay rule is a non constitutional rule of evidence which obtains in one form or another in every jurisdiction in the country. The rule provides that in the absence of explicit exceptions to the contrary, hearsay evidence of a matter in dispute is inadmissible as proof of the matter. Although jurisdictions define "hearsay" in different ways, the various definitions reflect a common principle: evidence that derives its relevance in a case from the belief of a person who is not present in court—and thus not under oath and not subject to cross-examination regarding his credibility—is of questionable probative value.

The Improper Use Of Presumptions In Recent Criminal Law Adjudication, Charles W. Collier

UF Law Faculty Publications

This note argues that, in developing the contemporary mandatory-permissive standard, the Supreme Court has misunderstood the effects of presumptions on juries. Presumptions that are ‘permissive’ in theory may nevertheless be ‘mandatory’ in fact, thereby leading some juries to convict regardless of their beliefs and inclinations. Thus, these legal presumptions may undermine the moral sense and political function of the jury.

Part I of this note shows, through doctrinal analysis, that the mandatory-permissive distinction is an anomaly in the Court's jurisprudence. Part II shows that this distinction is at variance with a substantial body of empirical social science research. This part …

Conflicts-Of-Interest Disqualification In Medical Malpractice Litigation, George J. Annas

Faculty Scholarship

Less than two decades ago it was thought sufficient to say, "When a practitioner is in doubt on an ethical question, the best answer is usually No." A more recent commentator has suggested, however, that "[s]uch platitudes have become increasingly inadequate to guide the attorney facing conflicts of interests in the private practice of law." Because of the general vagueness of the American Bar Association's Model Code of Professional Responsibility, and of state codes based on it, courts have begun to fashion a vast "common law" of conflicts of interest A particularly controversial entry to this body of common law …

Casenotes: Criminal Procedure — Juveniles — State Law Authorizing Pretrial Detention Of Juveniles Upon A Finding Of Risk Of Future Criminal Behavior Upheld As Valid Under The Due Process Clause. Schall V. Martin, 104 S. Ct. 2403 (1984), Kim Detrick

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Compulsory Process, Right To, Peter K. Westen

Book Chapters

The first state to adopt a constitution following the Declaration of Independence (New Jersey, 1776) guaranteed all criminal defendants the same ‘‘privileges of witnesses’’ as their prosecutors. Fifteen years later, in enumerating the constitutional rights of accused persons, the framers of the federal Bill of Rights bifurcated what New Jersey called the ‘‘privileges of witnesses’’ into two distinct but related rights: the Sixth Amendment right of the accused ‘‘to be confronted with the witnesses against him,’’ and his companion Sixth Amendment right to ‘‘compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.’’ The distinction between witnesses ‘‘against’’ the accused and witnesses …

Police Interrogation And Confessions, Yale Kamisar

Book Chapters

In the police interrogation room, where, until the second third of the century, police practices were unscrutinized and virtually unregulated, constitutional ideals collide with the grim realities of law enforcement.

The Federal Rules Of Criminal Procedure, James Boyd White

Book Chapters

After the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (1938) established a uniform set of procedures for the trial of civil cases in federal courts, Congress authorized the supreme court to make rules for the trial of federal criminal cases as well. With two Justices dissenting, the Supreme Court adopted the rules in 1944 and submitted them to Congress, which, by silence, approved them.

Why Prosecutors Misbehave, Bennett L. Gershman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The author, perhaps the nation's top authority on prosecutorial misconduct, raises and analyzes two questions: Why does this misconduct occur? (It often pays off.) And why does it continue? (There are no effective sanctions.)

Attorney Loyalty And Client Perjury - A Postscript To Nix V. Whiteside, Bennett L. Gershman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

How much, if at all, can a criminal defense lawyer cooperate in his or her client's decision to commit perjury? Courts, commentators, and bar committees have grappled with this question for years without offering clear or consistent guidelines. Any principled response must take into account some very hard questions. Under what circumstances, for instance, does the lawyer ever really "know" that his client's proposed testimony is false? Is it sufficient if the lawyer simply disbelieves his client's story, or that of his client's witnesses? Does it make any difference if the attorney learns of a plan to perjure during the …

Criminal Justice Issues In Revolutionary Nicaragua, Stephen C. Thaman

All Faculty Scholarship

In this article, the author discusses his experiences traveling to Nicaragua in May 1985, as a part of a group of American lawyers and law professors invited by the Nicaraguan Association of Democratic Justice to consult on the judicial process, as well as a revolutionary struggle within the Nicaraguan institutions responsible for criminal justice. This article addresses current criminal procedure, special tribunals, and popular anti-Somocista tribunals. It also discusses a pilot project geared to improve criminal justice issues in Nicaragua.

Jury Instructions: A Bibliography. Part Ii: Criminal Jury Instructions, Cheryl R. Nyberg, Jane Williams, Carol Boast

Librarians' Articles

Pattern jury instructions are used by trial judges to explain the law to jurors in language that they can understand and that provide consistency from one trial to another. This criminal jury instructions bibliography of 169 entries is a companion to a previous bibliography on civil jury instructions. An index to acronyms for both criminal and civil jury instructions is also included.

Commonwealth Right Of Appeal In Criminal Proceedings

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Report And Analysis Of The Military Mental Nonresponsibility Defense, Darryll K. Jones

Journal Publications

Due to the intense pressures of warfare, and the more common stress related demands placed on the peacetime service member, the mental nonresponsibility defense should be more often legitimately asserted in a military criminal trial. Further, those who place demands on service members have an obligation to ensure that the nonresponsibility defense is substantively and procedurally fair. This article analyzes the nonresponsibility defense, beginning with the procedural aspects and later examining significant substantive issues and how they are resolved by the United States Court of Military Appeals. The procedural section will discuss how the nonresponsibility issue is raised, the defendant's …

Religion And Procedure, Robert E. Rodes

Journal Articles

God has no use for procedural rules since He knows the full truth and is able to exercise absolute justice simultaneously alongside complete mercy. This paper discusses the religious significance of legal rules of procedure in light of this truth. It finds that since we, unlike God, are inherently fallible, we are forced to implement procedures in the legal pursuit of our goals of truth, justice, and mercy. These procedures remain imperfect in implementing these goals, as compromises must often be made between competing values such as mercy on one hand and justice on the other. Nevertheless, though legal procedure …

The Bad Faith-Harassment Exception To The Younger Doctrine: Exploring The Empty Universe, C. Keith Wingate

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Virginia Criminal Procedure, Ronald J. Bacigal

University of Richmond Law Review

Reversing a recent trend, the past year was relatively quiet with respect to search and seizure cases. The United States Supreme Court decided two cases dealing with open fields and the curtilage of a dwelling. Dow Chemical Co. v. United States held that the open areas of an industrial plant complex with numerous plant structures spread over an area of 2,000 acres are not analogous to the "curtilage" of a dwelling for purposes of aerial surveillance; such an industrial complex "is more comparable to an open field and as such is open to the view and observation of persons in …

Virginia's Jury Exemptions: Ripe For Reform, T. S. Ellis Iii, J. Thomas O'Brien Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

Jury exemptions are frequent targets of derisory comment. Who among us has not heard of the proverbial litigant who, upon hearing his lawyer describe juries and jury exemptions, remarked that only a fool would place his fate in the hands of seven or twelve people who were not smart enough to get excused through an exemption. Indeed, the number and scope of jury exemptions have grown so substantially over the years that it is not unreasonable to suppose that jury non-service is now the norm and jury service the exception.

The Availability Of Injunctions In Bankruptcy To Restrain Collection Of I.R.C. 6672(A) Penalties, Beth K. Neelman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Closing Argument Procedure, J. Alexander Tanford

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Legal scholars have paid little attention to closing arguments. There are few publications that touch on this phase of the trial process, most focusing on the substance of prosecution arguments in criminal cases. As a result, too few of the legal principles and doctrines of closing argument procedure are understood, especially in civil trials. The purpose of this article is to set out a more comprehensive picture of this body of law than has been done previously, and to define and analyze its major doctrines.

Attempting The Impossible: The Emerging Consensus, Ira Robbins

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Impossible attempts are situations in which an actor fails to consummate a substantive crime because he is mistaken about attendant circumstances. Professor Robbins divides mistakes regarding circumstances into three categories: mistakes of fact, mistakes of law, and mistakes of mixed fact and law. Courts and commentators disagree primarily over the identification and treatment of mixed fact law cases. Professor Robbins surveys each category of mistake. He then examines the objective, subjective, and hybrid approaches to dealing with the mixed fact/law category. The objective approach requires an objective manifestation of the actor's intent before conviction is allowed. The subjective approach permits …

Corrections In Crisis : Report Of The Governor's Blue Ribbon Commission On Corrections, Maine Governor's Blue Ribbon Commission On Corrections

Maine Collection

Corrections In Crisis : Report of the Governor's Blue Ribbon Commission on Corrections.

Augusta, Me., The Commission, December 1985

"This Commission was funded through the 1984 Appropriations Act, P.L. 1983, Ch. 824, Pt. A."

Contents: Preamble / Summary of Recommendations / Community Corrections Recommendations / Sentencing Recommendations / Correctional Management Recommendations / Selected Legislative Issues / Conclusion

Questioning Miranda, Gerald M. Caplan

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Article argues that the Supreme Court should go further and reexamine the basic principles underlying Miranda. Although its impact has been tamed by interpretation and practice, and although the hour is late," a case can be made for overruling Miranda. Miranda was not a wise or necessary decision, nor has Miranda proved to be, as is generally contended, a harmless one. It sent our jurisprudence on a hazardous detour by introducing novel conceptions of the proper relationship between the suspect and authority. It accentuated just those features of our system that manifest the least regard for truth seeking, that …

The Child Witness: The Progress And Emerging Limitations, Lucy Berliner

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.

Other Crimes Evidence To Prove The Corpus Delicti Of A Child Sexual Offense, Amber Donner-Froelich

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.

Indicia Of Reliability And Face To Face Confrontation: Emerging Issues In Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions, Michael H. Graham

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.

Introduction: Background And Overview Of Child Sexual Abuse Law Reforms In The Mid-1980'S, Josephine Bulkley

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.

The District Attorney As A Mobilizer In A Community Approach To Child Sexual Abuse, Robert E. Cramer Jr.

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.

Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions: The Current State Of The Art, Michael H. Graham

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.