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Articles 91 - 120 of 323
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Self-Learning-Based Multiple Spacecraft Evasion Decision Making Simulation Under Sparse Reward Condition, Zhao Yu, Jifeng Guo, Yan Peng, Chengchao Bai
Self-Learning-Based Multiple Spacecraft Evasion Decision Making Simulation Under Sparse Reward Condition, Zhao Yu, Jifeng Guo, Yan Peng, Chengchao Bai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the ability of spacecraft formation to evade multiple interceptors, aiming at the low success rate of traditional procedural maneuver evasion, a multi-agent cooperative autonomous decision-making algorithm, which is based on deep reinforcement learning method, is proposed. Based on the actor-critic architecture, a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm is designed, in which a weighted linear fitting method is proposed to solve the reliability allocation problem of the self-learning system. To solve the sparse reward problem in task scenario, a sparse reward reinforcement learning method based on inverse value method is proposed. According to the task scenario, …
Relationship Between Suspension Damping And Stability Of Vehicle Hunting Motion, Yan Yong, Zeng Jing, Kun Xu, Feiyan Zhao
Relationship Between Suspension Damping And Stability Of Vehicle Hunting Motion, Yan Yong, Zeng Jing, Kun Xu, Feiyan Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to avoid or restrain the primary hunting stability of rail vehicles, correlation between the primary hunting stability and suspension damping parameters under the damping ratio of 0 and 5% is calculated based on the analysis of suspension parameters on the vehicle modal frequency. The method to improve the stability of vehicle hunting motion by optimizing suspension parameters is obtained. The results show that when selecting different damping ratios to calculate the critical stability, the range of damping parameters varies greatly. The lateral damping parameter in a certain range or a larger vertical damping is beneficial to keep …
Modeling On Anti-Uav System-Of-Systems Combat Ooda Loop Based On Netlogo, Zhao Zhu, Wang Yi, Ruifeng Fan, Liya Li, Qi Meng
Modeling On Anti-Uav System-Of-Systems Combat Ooda Loop Based On Netlogo, Zhao Zhu, Wang Yi, Ruifeng Fan, Liya Li, Qi Meng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the threats from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or swarm, as well as the difficult problems of systems confrontation modeling, overall process design, and operational effectiveness evaluation in anti-UAV system-of-systems, the structure and operational process both of the UAV and anti-UAV systems are analyzed respectively, and the anti-UAV Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) system-of-systems combat model which based on multi-agent modeling platform NetLogo is proposed. Utilizing the emergence of agent role in this simulation model, the influence exerted by OODA on anti-UAV is studied by the multi-agent simulation. The results show that the OODA loop is one …
Application Of Trust Driven Adaptive Cooperative Control Algorithm, Xindong Gui, Hongjiang Ji, Lingling Fan, Shida Liu
Application Of Trust Driven Adaptive Cooperative Control Algorithm, Xindong Gui, Hongjiang Ji, Lingling Fan, Shida Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: When a multi-manipulator performs cooperative task, it's end position is difficult to accurately track the target and ensure the consistency influenced by the nonlinear factors such as working environment, assembly condition and system disturbances, resulting in large errors during collaborative work. To solve multi-manipulators position coordinated control problem, a multi-agent based adaptive position coordination control algorithm is proposed by researching on the novel trust mechanism, including adaptive update mechanism of trust value (self-trust and mutual-trust) and Fisher information weighted (covariance) update mechanism. In automated collaborative assembly tasks, the precise consensus positioning of end-effector is achieved with improvements in the …
A Signal Decomposition Method Based On Multi-Layer Iteration Structured Singular Spectrum Analysis, Yumiao Wei, Zhili Zhang, Hongguang Li, Shuqing Li
A Signal Decomposition Method Based On Multi-Layer Iteration Structured Singular Spectrum Analysis, Yumiao Wei, Zhili Zhang, Hongguang Li, Shuqing Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To process the complex signals with concentrated frequency distribution, an adaptive decomposition method based on singular spectrum analysis with multi-layer iteration structure is researched. The traditional singular spectrum analysis is improved by frequency band subdivision and iterative filtering approach. A high-precision decomposition algorithm base on recursive structure is therefore designed, solving the problems such as insufficient adaptive capability and unsatisfied decomposition. Simulation results show that adaptive decomposition capability of the proposed method is effectively enhanced. For the multi-mode vibration signal with 0.2% ratio of spitting frequency to center frequency, the components are all accurately extracted, and consistent well …
Simulation Analysis Of Assessment Method For Missile Accuracy, Shuqing Li, Zhili Zhang, Yumiao Wei, Haitao Wang
Simulation Analysis Of Assessment Method For Missile Accuracy, Shuqing Li, Zhili Zhang, Yumiao Wei, Haitao Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The missile accuracy of the falling points is one of the important performance indexes of missile systems, so the assessment method is very important. An improved algorithm for missile accuracy assessment is proposed. Accuracy assessment problem is simplified as a hypothesis check for probability circle, and the accuracy difference coefficients are defined to describe the accuracy difference between the real falling points and the expected situation. Based on the probability circle method, an improved risk assessment method is put forward to balance and minimize producer's risk and consumer's risk. According to sequential check method, this risk assessment …
Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Of Bridge Crane Based On Improved Rrt Algorithm, Zhimei Chen, Li Min, Xuejuan Shao, Zhicheng Zhao
Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Of Bridge Crane Based On Improved Rrt Algorithm, Zhimei Chen, Li Min, Xuejuan Shao, Zhicheng Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the problem that the reasonable path can not be obtained quickly for bridge crane planning in complex environment, a rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm combined with particle swarm algorithm is proposed. According to the characteristics of the bridge crane operation, the RRT algorithm is improved. The two-way RRT algorithm is used to make the tree grow in the direction of the target according to the probability. When the path is generated, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to smooth the path to get a more suitable path for the operation of the bridge crane. …
Cloud Model Pid Control Of Pmsm Based On Svm Inverse System, Li Hui, Yun Hao, Hongli Yue
Cloud Model Pid Control Of Pmsm Based On Svm Inverse System, Li Hui, Yun Hao, Hongli Yue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of multivariable, nonlinearity and strong coupling of the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM), a strategy of inverse system identification which is independent of precise mathematical model and parameters based on support vector machines(SVM) is proposed. The dynamic decoupling control of PMSM is researched based on multivariable nonlinear control inverse system theory. To deal with direct inverse control open-loop system with poor robustness and inverse modeling error of SVM, a parameter self-tuning PID(Proportional Integral Differential) closed-loop controller based on cloud model rule inference is designed. The simulation results confirm that the cloud model PID control based on …
Combination Weighting-Based Comprehensive Evaluation For Discrete Workshop Production Plan, Zhangzhen Luo, Haifan Jiang, Jianlin Fu, Guofu Ding
Combination Weighting-Based Comprehensive Evaluation For Discrete Workshop Production Plan, Zhangzhen Luo, Haifan Jiang, Jianlin Fu, Guofu Ding
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the lack of a general evaluation index system and a comprehensive evaluation method combining qualitative and quantitative for discrete workshop production planning, an evaluation index system is constructed from the economy, timeliness and adaptability and a combination weighting-based comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. A combination weight of subjective and objective significance is obtained by combining the extension of analytic hierarchy process, entropy value method and improved CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) method, which improves the scientific evaluation of discrete workshop production planning. The verification results of examples show that the method is more sensitive to the …
Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Based On Lstm Neural Network Optimized By Improved Pso, Tengfei Wei, Tinglong Pan
Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Based On Lstm Neural Network Optimized By Improved Pso, Tengfei Wei, Tinglong Pan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve the accuracy of short-term power load forecasting, a short-term power load forecasting model (ACMPSO-LSTM) based on long-short memory neural network (LSTM) optimized by adaptive Cauchy mutation particle swarm optimization (ACMPSO) is proposed. For the problem of difficult selection of LSTM model parameters, ACMPSO is used to optimize model parameters, and non-linear changing inertia weights are adopted to improve the global optimization ability and convergence speed of PSO algorithm. In the optimization process, a mutation operation based on genetic algorithm is added to reduce the risk of particles falling into local optimal solutions. The simulation results show that …
Mpc Algorithm Design Based On Improved Macroscopic Traffic Flow Model, Hongguang Pan, Gao Lei, Wenyu Mi
Mpc Algorithm Design Based On Improved Macroscopic Traffic Flow Model, Hongguang Pan, Gao Lei, Wenyu Mi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to obtain stable and orderly traffic flow, a model predictive control method based on improved macroscopic traffic flow model is proposed for highway system. Considering the uncertainty caused by the inflow and outflow of ramp, the method takes the traffic density and velocity of each section as the control target. Based on the traditional macroscopic traffic flow model, a macroscopic traffic flow state space model is improved. Aiming at the problem of multiple variables and control constraints, a traffic flow density and velocity controller based on model predictive control is designed to ensure better control effect. The …
Method Of Battlefield Frequency Allocation Based On Chaotic Perturbation Mechanism Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Niu Kan, Li Bing, Fu Qiang
Method Of Battlefield Frequency Allocation Based On Chaotic Perturbation Mechanism Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Niu Kan, Li Bing, Fu Qiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to carry out the frequency allocation in the electromagnetic environment of battlefield and reduce the frequency equipment interference of various forces, a frequency allocation method based on chaotic perturbation mechanism particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Which transforms battlefield frequency allocation into the optimal spectrum resource search and solution problem with constraints. The frequency allocation model with the lowest interference cost is built and the frequency allocation through the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is carries out. The chaotic perturbation mechanism is introduced to improve the population diversity and the global optimization ability of the …
Sar Imaging Seeker Interference Modeling & Evaluation And Simulation System Design, Xueping Luo, Yunhe Cao, Hu Qi, Shutao Chen, Shijie Yan, Cai Xi
Sar Imaging Seeker Interference Modeling & Evaluation And Simulation System Design, Xueping Luo, Yunhe Cao, Hu Qi, Shutao Chen, Shijie Yan, Cai Xi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the simulation, evaluation and verification of SAR imaging seeker interference, the modeling and evaluation of SAR imaging seeker interference and design of simulation system are discussed. The simulation system can be used to model and simulate the target environment, jamming and seeker at the signal level. The signal environment simulation, echo signal acquisition, signal processing and other processes can be simulated under the environment of multiple interference signals, and the interference effect can be evaluated at the same time. The validity and practicability of the simulation system are verified with simulation test. The design of this simulation system …
Game Analysis Of Government Procurement Contract Financing Based On Blockchain Technology, Haitao Huang, Qinming Liu, Chunming Ye, Chen Xiang
Game Analysis Of Government Procurement Contract Financing Based On Blockchain Technology, Haitao Huang, Qinming Liu, Chunming Ye, Chen Xiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Abstract: In view of the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprise and the existing credit problems of financial supply chain, the block chain technology is applied to the financing mode of government procurement contract of the Ministry of Finance. From the supply chain business aspect, the tripartite game model of government procurement departments, small and medium-sized enterprises and banks is built, and the decision of the main body is analyzed. From the block chain technology, the evolutionary game model is built and the selection of chain node is analyzed. By MATLAB, the simulation experiments are carried out to …
Residential Demand Response Scheduling Optimization And Simulation Based On An Improved Pso Algorithm, Huazhen Li, Youquan Liu, Jiawei Zhu, Liao Qiang
Residential Demand Response Scheduling Optimization And Simulation Based On An Improved Pso Algorithm, Huazhen Li, Youquan Liu, Jiawei Zhu, Liao Qiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of household load energy and the potential damage to the power grid caused by the lack of systematic and efficient management of household power consumption, the power consumption characteristics of controllable equipment and the energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles are modeled respectively, and the scheduling optimization objective function of household equipment under time of use price is established, and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. Through the example simulation, the residential power dispatching under various scenarios is analyzed. The experimental results show that the …
Two-Point Joint Cpa Attacks Against Aes And Its Simulation, Tong Yu, Jingwen Cai
Two-Point Joint Cpa Attacks Against Aes And Its Simulation, Tong Yu, Jingwen Cai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large sampling amount and low utilization rate of attack information in single-point power analysis attack, a method of two-point joint power analysis attack for AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is proposed. This method selects two power leakage points for power analysis according to the correlation between the power leakage points and the key in the AES. By constructing a power leakage model of intermediate variables, an intermediate value joint function is established which means, the method can be used to recover the key of AES. The simulation results demonstrate that the attack time of …
Simulation Of Cooperative Control Process For Multiple Uavs Based On Local Information Connection, Xiangyang Li, Zhili Zhang, Zhang Ning, Gui Yi, Li Jia
Simulation Of Cooperative Control Process For Multiple Uavs Based On Local Information Connection, Xiangyang Li, Zhili Zhang, Zhang Ning, Gui Yi, Li Jia
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the requirements of cooperative control for multiple UAVs based on local information connection, the distributed architecture of Multi-UAV system is established on the basis of multilayer structure. The communication network topology, state control information model and intelligent Ad-Hoc network mechanism are proposed to ensure the reliable interactive communication among multiple UAVs under local information connection. The cooperative collision avoidance strategy with local state prediction and distributed iterative optimization, combined with the cooperative on-line track planning and threat avoidance control methods, are applied to realize the cooperative control of Multi-UAV's task execution process. Simulation experiments verify the …
Research On Active Suspension Control Of High-Speed Train Based On Fuzzy Compound Strategy, Jianjun Meng, Zhongjun Wang, Ruxun Xu, Decang Li
Research On Active Suspension Control Of High-Speed Train Based On Fuzzy Compound Strategy, Jianjun Meng, Zhongjun Wang, Ruxun Xu, Decang Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the running stability of high-speed train, a semi-vertical six-degree-of- freedom state space model is established based on the active suspension system. Based on fuzzy control theory, the fuzzy controllers and fuzzy PID controllers are designed. Aiming at the defects of strong subjectivity of fuzzy PID control which needs manual adjustment, particle swarm optimization is used to optimize the initial parameters of the controller to make the suspension system be more correspond with the objective reality. In order to verify the advance of this strategy, with the sky-hook damping strategy for comparison, the controller model …
Research On Control Strategy Of Isolated Ac-Dc Matrix Converter Under Input Unbalance, Wenlang Deng, Li Yong, Hongbin Pan
Research On Control Strategy Of Isolated Ac-Dc Matrix Converter Under Input Unbalance, Wenlang Deng, Li Yong, Hongbin Pan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To reduce the active power fluctuation of the isolated AC-DC matrix converter (IAMC) under the input unbalance and to suppress the resonance of the LC filter, a deadbeat direct power control strategy based on active damping is proposed. The strategy uses the grid-side current and its delay component to calculate the IAMC input side filter capacitor voltage, which eliminates the high-precision voltage sensor of traditional active damping control, reduces the hardware cost, without the rotation coordinate transformation and phase-locked loops, so the calculation cost is small. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively …
Fast Maritime Simulator Scene Modeling Method Based On Aerial Images, Lijia Chen, Wang Kai, Shigang Li, Yanfei Tian
Fast Maritime Simulator Scene Modeling Method Based On Aerial Images, Lijia Chen, Wang Kai, Shigang Li, Yanfei Tian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Artificial Modeling using Computer Aid Design software are frequently applied in maritime simulator scene modeling,but with low accuracy, low efficiency and complicate workflow. It's not the ideal method of modeling a large-scale area. A modeling method is proposed based on aerial images in combination with tilt photography modeling, procedural modeling and image semantic segmentation method. It's a fast and highly automated modeling method specially for the maritime simulator. A water area near Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge is chosen as the model. Experiment results show that the proposed method is of fast speed, high precision, high degree of automation, …
Research On Agile Reentry Method For Maneuvering Vehicle, Lin Yue, Yingmin Jia, Songtao Fan
Research On Agile Reentry Method For Maneuvering Vehicle, Lin Yue, Yingmin Jia, Songtao Fan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Alarge-scale orbit maneuver method is proposed and analyzed for hypersonic space reentry vehicles, and the air assisted methods are adopted to conduct space orbit maneuvers by complying with the energy balance strategy of the aircraft. By the L/D ratio of aircraft, the efficiency of the propellant use during orbital maneuvers is elevated, and the maneuverability is also enhanced, while the risk of aircraft being tracked in space can be reduced. Aero-assisted guidance technology is applied based on full-coefficient adaptive prediction-correction technology which significantly simplifies the computation of the GNC computer, while such application ensures the convergence and enhances the …
Research On Performance Modeling And Simulation Method Based On Dense Crowd, Yihao Li, Tianyu Huang, Li Peng, Gangyi Ding
Research On Performance Modeling And Simulation Method Based On Dense Crowd, Yihao Li, Tianyu Huang, Li Peng, Gangyi Ding
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the high complexity of crowd organization and the difficulty of abstracting the performance, the performance simulation of dense crowds relies heavily on manual work, and it is difficult to establish a highly automated simulation model. In order to reduce the sensitivity of creative modification and design risks, a performance model based on dense crowd is proposed. Through the strategy of time dimension slicing and spatial layering, a highly automated crowd performance simulation method that could meet the director's creativity is realized. Through the construction of simulation experiments, the generation effect and calculation efficiency of the crowd …
Design And Engine Implementation Of Submarine Combat System Simulation Based On Lvc, Jinping Wu, Minghua Lu, Changyou Xue
Design And Engine Implementation Of Submarine Combat System Simulation Based On Lvc, Jinping Wu, Minghua Lu, Changyou Xue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Submarine combat system simulation is one of the key and most important content in submarine combat simulation. On the basis of LVC simulation technology, practicing simulation-as-a-service idea, the LVC integration simulation method of submarine combat system is proposed and the LVC integration simulation environment is constructed. The composition and relationship of LVC simulation system are researched. The compositional structure of LVC simulation engine was designed. Based on the component design and development specifications in Java/EJB technological infrastructure, in use of software component technology, the simulation engine components are designed and implemented. The LVC integration simulation of submarine combat system …
Optimization Of Urban Metro-Based Underground Logistics System Network With Hub-And-Spoke Layout, Ren Rui, Wanjie Hu, Jianjun Dong, Zhilong Chen
Optimization Of Urban Metro-Based Underground Logistics System Network With Hub-And-Spoke Layout, Ren Rui, Wanjie Hu, Jianjun Dong, Zhilong Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Dual application of passenger commuting and underground logistics based on urban metro (M-ULS) provides a solution for traffic congestion. A three-stage optimization approach for the hub-and-spoke M-ULS network is proposed. An Entropy-TOPSIS model for underground flow screening was established based on indicators of freight flows unity, order priority and regional accessibility, considering facility capacity constraints, a location-allocation-routing combinatorial model with construction and operation costs objectives is proposed, Set Coverage Exact Algorithm, Adaptive Immunity Clone Selection Algorithm and Floyd-Warshall Algorithm are developed. Geographic information statistics of Nanjing is applied as the benchmark for real-world simulation. Results show that the modeling …
Research On Simulation Experiment Support Technology For Complex Sos Of Live And Constructive Symbiosis, Wu Xi, Ma Jun
Research On Simulation Experiment Support Technology For Complex Sos Of Live And Constructive Symbiosis, Wu Xi, Ma Jun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The technology of simulation experiment for System of Systems (SoS) is very important in research of complex SoS. The operation SoS is typical complex SoS.Based on the concept of parallel system, symbiotic simulation, digital twin, etc., the main characteristics of the technology are summarized. Focus on the architecture of complex system simulation experiment environment, the experiment environment architecture, hybrid simulation driving mechanism and virtual real data access mode are studied. A feasible method is provided to carry out the complex SoS experiment of multi domain joint, data fusion, resource integration and human-computer integration, and the comprehensive application of …
Research On A Dynamically Perceptive Connectivity Restoration Method, Hua Xiang, Baohua Li, Hongjuan Yao, Wang Zhao, Jiaxian Zuo
Research On A Dynamically Perceptive Connectivity Restoration Method, Hua Xiang, Baohua Li, Hongjuan Yao, Wang Zhao, Jiaxian Zuo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The cluster communication network has the characteristics of time-varying topology, strong node mobility, and unstable link status, etc. It is difficult to maintain a stable topology. The network is divided into disconnected subgroups. In order to solve the communication problem between different groups, the cooperative relay node is introduced and a dynamic-sensing connection recovery method is proposed. A cooperative communication model is built and the mathematical expression of link quality indicators is deduced, which designs a multi-objective link evaluation function and achieves the optimal relay location planning through a multi-objective connectivity recovery algorithm. Simulation results show that the …
Networked Simulation And It's Development Trend, Duan Hong, Xiaogang Qiu
Networked Simulation And It's Development Trend, Duan Hong, Xiaogang Qiu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Carrying out simulating whenever and wherever possible as well as the large-scale trend of simulation lead to the demand of networked simulation.. Through the changes of range, from model interconnection, experimental collaboration and domain simulation collaboration, three layers of meanings of networked simulation are analyzed; The characteristics of networked simulation are summarized from five aspects, pattern, application, target, focus, and morphology. The idea that the networked simulation will bring changes to the simulation application of the activity scope and method, resource construction, resource verification, organizational structure, and so on is proposed. By sorting out the development process …
Research On Generating Technology For Equipment Standard Set Based On Uaf Modeling, Shuofang Zheng, Ruiheng He, Wenming Ren
Research On Generating Technology For Equipment Standard Set Based On Uaf Modeling, Shuofang Zheng, Ruiheng He, Wenming Ren
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to meet the requirements of equipment standardization work of top-down design of current era, the modeling principles and methods of Unified Architecture Frame (UAF) are studied. Focus on the construction of four standard view models specified by UAF, Standards taxonomy, Standards structure, Standards roadmap, Standards traceability, the correlation model of operation perspective, requirement perspective and resource perspective are analyzed to form the requirement-driven equipment standard set generation technology. A new standard generation mechanism oriented to use scenarios and closely related to equipment development needs is established, and a new entry point for equipment standardization is proposed. The …
Study On Universal Characteristics Of Insect Population Ecological Network, Guilan Luo, Hongjun Hao, Wang Xiao, Zhang Mei
Study On Universal Characteristics Of Insect Population Ecological Network, Guilan Luo, Hongjun Hao, Wang Xiao, Zhang Mei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to evaluate the current state of insect ecological development in Erhai wetland, complex network theory is used to construct a topological structure model of insect ecological network with insect populations as network nodes and correlations as edges. By analyzing the characteristic parameters of the model, it is concluded that the insect ecological network conforms to the characteristics of small world and scale-free network, and the node degree distribution obeys the power law distribution. The method of destroying the topology is used to simulate the dynamic evolution of the network ecology. The study shows that the disappearance of …
Study On Task Allocation Of Uav Swarm Based On Cognitive Control, Ruixuan Wei, Zichen Wu
Study On Task Allocation Of Uav Swarm Based On Cognitive Control, Ruixuan Wei, Zichen Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A centralized allocation method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm real-time task allocation is proposed. Based on the real-time battlefield situation, this method relies on the coordination scheduling layer to make allocation decisions, generates the strike order according to the strike efficiency ratio, and makes rolling optimization for real-time battlefield situation, so that the allocation results can always maintain the balance between optimization and efficiency within the current cognitive range. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve the task assignment problem. In particular, a 2-D particle 0-1 coding and correction method for nonstandard particles is designed. The simulation …