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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 1494
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Trajectory Capture And Sway Frequency Analysis Of Trees Based On Kinect, He Peng, Shaojun Hu, Dongjian He
Trajectory Capture And Sway Frequency Analysis Of Trees Based On Kinect, He Peng, Shaojun Hu, Dongjian He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The morphology and structure of plants were complex. It is of great significance to investigate the inherent motion law of plants under the action of external force, such as realistic animation formation, plant pruning, vibration picking and forest protection. A low cost outdoor tree complex motion capture method was explored, and the relationship between the stem motion and the external force was analyzed. The Kinect was used to capture the branches motion; MeanShift algorithm was used for tracking branches markers and the three-dimensional trajectory of the trunk was extracted according to the principle of Kinect coordinate transformation. A method …
Simulation On Psychosocial Adaption Of Urban New Migrants Based On Catastrophe Theory, Zhao Xu, Chuanchao Huang, Bin Hu
Simulation On Psychosocial Adaption Of Urban New Migrants Based On Catastrophe Theory, Zhao Xu, Chuanchao Huang, Bin Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the mental recovery and adaptive behavior translation of the new urban migrants, a two system decision-making model for psychological adaption was built. The simulation research of psychosocial adaption process was studied through the stochastic catastrophe theory and the specific artificial social environment. Simulation experiments indicate that the sustained pressure-bearing suffers from outside situation and the policy system result in the fluctuation of migrants' psychosocial adaption with the former more significant. In the translation of adaptive psychology to adaptive behavior, the attitude orientation and psychological cognition of migrants are critical. The duration or degree of the adaptive process …
Modeling And Simulation Of Mooring Force Prediction Based On Improved Ga-Bp Network, Shifeng Li, Zhanzhi Qiu
Modeling And Simulation Of Mooring Force Prediction Based On Improved Ga-Bp Network, Shifeng Li, Zhanzhi Qiu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the mooring security and early warning control requirement of the large open sea terminal, a ship mooring force prediction model based on genetic algorithm and BP network was studied. Environmental dynamic factors were considered and a model structure was determined by a weight statistics method; the learning method was improved by individual parent information and contemporary individual local gradient information; according to the improved model, a ship mooring force prediction method of the open sea terminal was proposed. The simulation results show that the performance of the prediction model has improved in the iteration number, …
Simulation Of Joint Power Control Routing Algorithm For Interference And Energy Consumption In Crahns, Zhufang Kuang, Zhigang Chen
Simulation Of Joint Power Control Routing Algorithm For Interference And Energy Consumption In Crahns, Zhufang Kuang, Zhigang Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Problems of interference power to primary user by secondary userand the secondary user's running out of energy under underlay spectrum access model in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) were investigated. Joint power control, routing and spectrum (channel) allocation algorithm (PRSA) based on particle swarm optimization were proposed. The goal of PRSA was to minimize interference power to primary user and prolong lifetime of CRAHNs. Particle encoding, particle initialization, fitness function, particle flight were included in PRSA. An Adjacency matrix with two-tuples containing allocated channel and power level was designed, and three operation rules for particle were redefined. …
Improved Design Scheme And Simulation Analysis Of Non-Valve Controlled Hydraulic Impact System, Liu Zhong, Zou Yu, Zhang Kai, Zhao Fei, Junjun Liu
Improved Design Scheme And Simulation Analysis Of Non-Valve Controlled Hydraulic Impact System, Liu Zhong, Zou Yu, Zhang Kai, Zhao Fei, Junjun Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to valve port commutation of traditional hydraulic impact system caused valve leakage. For the above shortcomings, an improved structure principle of the new type of non-valve controlled hydraulic impact system was proposed establishing dynamic equations of impact system andconducting simulation analysis based on AMESim. Due to the simulation results which was inconsistent with design goal, two improvement schemes were proposed adding throttle device and controlling inlet and outlet circuit. The simulation results suggest that the working performance of impact system has been improved by adding throttle device, and its efficiency has been increased from 11.8% to 18.3% …
Intensity Analysis And Fatigue Life Simulation For Connecting Bolt Of Shearer Machine Body, Zhiyong Hao, Yaolong Lei, Mao Jun, Yuan Zhi
Intensity Analysis And Fatigue Life Simulation For Connecting Bolt Of Shearer Machine Body, Zhiyong Hao, Yaolong Lei, Mao Jun, Yuan Zhi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To obtain the cutting load spectrum of themachine body connecting bolt, the method of merging unknown quantities and multi calculation combined with the test experiments of shear mechanical properties was used to solve the overdetermined equations of shearer left haulage unit spatial mechanical model The cutting load spectrum of the machine body connecting bolt was taken to run PSD analysis, and the rainflow counting method was used to script the load spectrum. The frequency domain characteristics and time domain continuation characteristics were therefore obtained. The static analysis and fatigue life simulation analysis combined with the bolt load …
Study Of Model Predictive Control Of Pwm Voltage Source Converterwithout Ac Electromotive Force Sensor, Li Hui, Li Zhi, Zhang Jin, Hanmei Peng
Study Of Model Predictive Control Of Pwm Voltage Source Converterwithout Ac Electromotive Force Sensor, Li Hui, Li Zhi, Zhang Jin, Hanmei Peng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The traditional model-predictive-control (MPC), applied to three-phase converter, requires to use AC electromotive force sensor, and then it reduces the system reliability. A three-phase converter model predictive control without AC electromotive force sensor was proposed, and the virtual flux observer was constructed by DC bus voltage, switching signal and AC current. On this basis, a mathematical model of three-phase converter model predictive control quadratic programming (QP-MPC) based on virtual flux oriented was established. Using quadratic programming algorithm, the system can quickly calculate the optimal change, minimize the objective function, and obtain the optimal switch control signal, so as to …
Application Of Weighted Dynamic Svdd In Nonlinear Process Monitoring, Yanhong Xie, Chengao Sun, Li Yuan
Application Of Weighted Dynamic Svdd In Nonlinear Process Monitoring, Yanhong Xie, Chengao Sun, Li Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the complexity of the chemical process, the data are often characterized by dynamics and correlation between sequences. Traditional support vector data description (SVDD) methods are difficult to guarantee real-time monitoring online. A Weighted-Dynamic-SVDD (WDSVDD) method was proposed to monitor fault in real time online. The dynamic method was introduced, and the correlation between the data was considered. The weighted information was used to highlight the useful information. The model was established by using SVDD method, and the online real-time fault monitoring was realized. The method not only overcomes the adverse effect of non-Gaussian and nonlinearity, but …
Under-Determined Blind Source Separation Anti-Collision Algorithm For Rfid Based On Hamming Weight Grouping, Yungang Jin, Xiaohong Zhang, Qiuli Wang
Under-Determined Blind Source Separation Anti-Collision Algorithm For Rfid Based On Hamming Weight Grouping, Yungang Jin, Xiaohong Zhang, Qiuli Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The results of the algorithm ofunder-determined blind source separation RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) system become worse or even lead to the degradation of overall system performancewith the large increase in the number of tags. Anovel parallelizable identification anti-collision algorithm based on constrained non negative matrix factorization (NMF) and Hamming weight grouping technology was proposed. The tag groupings were made by calculating the Hamming weight of the tag's front M bits, which were within the reader identification range. Each group was identified by the RFID reader according to the grouping sequence. Simulation results show that when the antenna number is …
Research On One-Cycle Controlled Bi-Directional Dc-Dc Converter Based On Switch Capacitor Network, Chen Lei, Tinglong Pan, Yanxia Shen, Dinghui Wu, Zhicheng Ji
Research On One-Cycle Controlled Bi-Directional Dc-Dc Converter Based On Switch Capacitor Network, Chen Lei, Tinglong Pan, Yanxia Shen, Dinghui Wu, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the switch capacitor network working characteristics of discharging in series, charging in parallel, a high ratio bidirectional DC-DC converter based on switch capacitor network was proposed. In order to improve the converter's ability of resist input voltage disturbance and dynamic response speed, an improved method was focused on which combined the advantage of one-cycle control and the output voltage feedback compensation control, which could realize inhibition the input voltage perturbation in one cycle and improve the converter's resistance ability of load disturbance. The operating principle and control characteristics of the new converter were analyzed. The improved one-cycle …
Simulation On Waste Heat And Water Recovery System Of Flue Gas In Plant Boiler, Jinping Wang, Deng Yu, Bin Li, Zhu Rui
Simulation On Waste Heat And Water Recovery System Of Flue Gas In Plant Boiler, Jinping Wang, Deng Yu, Bin Li, Zhu Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To further improve economy of power plant, the waste heat and water recovery system was put forward. The mathematical model of the gas cooler was established, and the simulation model of this system was built. This simulation model was integrated into the simulation system of a 350mw heating unit, and the simulation experiment was carried out. The influences caused by the introduction of the flue gas waste heat and water recovery system to thermal power unit were analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of the flue gas waste heat and water recovery system based on the valve perturbation experiments were …
Simulation Of Adaptive Dangerous Weather Warning Method Based On Airborne Weather Radar, Wang Lei, Xingang Liu, Wei Ming
Simulation Of Adaptive Dangerous Weather Warning Method Based On Airborne Weather Radar, Wang Lei, Xingang Liu, Wei Ming
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A kind of suitable airborne weather radar algorithm for different seasons, latitude and longitude and underlying surface in China was proposed. A simulation model of airborne weather radar for detecting strong storm weather based on the ground-based weather radar data was established. The improved algorithm of region segmentation and TITAN were used to identify strong storms and their characteristic parameters. China was divided into 16 climate characteristic regions (including East China Sea and South China Sea) per the latitude and longitude. The threshold of strong hail storm radar echo characteristic parameters in these areas was obtained, and the dangerous …
Meteorological Service Federate Design And Realization Based On Hla, Yintian Liu, Xiaodong Wang, Zaikui Wang
Meteorological Service Federate Design And Realization Based On Hla, Yintian Liu, Xiaodong Wang, Zaikui Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To increase flight safety and flight experience under special weather phenomena, the diversity and typical cases of special weather conditions should be considered in flight simulation training, the dynamic and successive meteorological data should be studied, and the insufficient of meteorological services should be overcome by comparing with the traditional flight simulator. The meteorological service with the generation model of multiple size of template library for typical special weather, the dynamical deduction model of meteorological data, and the interpolation calculation model of meteorological grid-point data were proposed. The meteorological service federate based on High Level Architecture (HLA) was established. …
Weld Trajectory Measurement Based On Stripe Type Laser Sensor, Li Lin, Weijie Chen, Yanbiao Zou
Weld Trajectory Measurement Based On Stripe Type Laser Sensor, Li Lin, Weijie Chen, Yanbiao Zou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Teaching and playback are usually used on welding robot to weld a part. To make sure the implementation of this mode, it is needed to locate the part using artificial sport welding in the front process, which could cause location error and make the actual track deviate from the teaching track. A welding track offline detection device using stripe type laser sensor was proposed for solving the problem. The laser sensor was mounted at the end of the robot. The robot moved along the weld trajectory before welding. The information of the weld track section was gotten and the …
Modeling And Simulation For Inter-Harmonics Of Double Pwm Ac Speed Control System For Port Bridge Crane, Wenhuan Yang, Dirui Yang, Ronggao Li
Modeling And Simulation For Inter-Harmonics Of Double Pwm Ac Speed Control System For Port Bridge Crane, Wenhuan Yang, Dirui Yang, Ronggao Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: When the total capacity of double PWM reversible speed control system in distribution network accounts for a larger proportion of power grid capacity, the power quality pollution, or even voltage flicker is generated by interharmonics of double PWM system. Therefore the stable operation of the power grid is affected. Based on the studies on bridge crane system in Shanghai Deep water Port area, a mathematical model of multi-quadrant double PWM reversible speed control system was established. In accordance with the operating characteristics of motor, the inter-harmonic currents, injected into grid were simulated at different speeds respectively in the power …
Modeling And Simulation Of Power Communication Networking Based On Quality Of Service, Xueyi Zhang, Juhui Gu, Meiqin Zhou
Modeling And Simulation Of Power Communication Networking Based On Quality Of Service, Xueyi Zhang, Juhui Gu, Meiqin Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the complex network topology and channel time-varying characteristics of power line carrier communication in low voltage distribution grid, there is a phenomenon of slow convergence and stagnation when solving the routing problem with traditional ant colony algorithm. The algorithm used is easy to fall into premature and local optimization. An automatic networking algorithm based on transmission delay and the load factor of the evaluation factors was proposed and a genetic algorithm was joined at a later stage. The optimal solution was obtained by using the improved crossover operators, and the convergence of optimal algorithm solution was accelerated by …
Simulation On Global Demand Information Sharing Value In B2b Supply Chain, Dongbo Hu, Shen Yue, Rudan Heng, Binbin Zhang
Simulation On Global Demand Information Sharing Value In B2b Supply Chain, Dongbo Hu, Shen Yue, Rudan Heng, Binbin Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In B2B e-commerce environment, a multi-agent simulation model based on the supply chain with multi suppliers was established to study the incentive effects of the global demand information sharing on suppliers and the effects of different parameters on these incentive effects. The research results are as follows: Compared with the local demand information sharing, the global demand information sharing can bring significant incentive effect to the supplier. The global demand information sharing is more valuable with the number of selected suppliers getting closer to the number of alternative suppliers, and an optimal number of alternative suppliers do exist. Based …
Novel Power Control Algorithm For Cognitive Radio Network, Long Min, Juanjuan Lei
Novel Power Control Algorithm For Cognitive Radio Network, Long Min, Juanjuan Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the problems of near-far effect, large path loss, and stability of algorithm, etc., in the cognitive radio, a new power control algorithm was proposed. Utility function was improved effectively, where punishment factors, such as, link quality and the interference capacity limit of the primary users (PUs) were considered. Signal-to-interference radio (SINR) of cognitive users (CUs) was controlled above the minimum threshold, and the interference value of the CUs was controlled below the capacity tolerance of PUs. The existence of Nash equilibrium was given. Simulation results show that the new algorithm has better stability; the loss of path …
Research On Feedback Compensation Control For Aircraft Electric Antiskid Brake System Based On Il, Gao Jie, Gao Bing, Jianying Liu
Research On Feedback Compensation Control For Aircraft Electric Antiskid Brake System Based On Il, Gao Jie, Gao Bing, Jianying Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Safety, efficiency and comfort of aircraft are all determined by antiskid braking system. Because of the problem of inadequate control in the anti-skid braking system, the nonlinear model of the aircraft electric braking system was built by the analysis of aircraft landing process, and the iterative learning algorithm was introduced for reciprocating characteristics of anti-skid control. The groups in different speeds and road conditions were trained using the PD type learning rate. The knowledge base on the relationship among the optimal slip ratio and velocity and road conditions was built. The feed-forward control knowledge system for identifying the different …
Improved Marching Cubes Algorithmand Its Three-Dimensional Meteorological Simulation, Shuoben Bi, Lu Yuan, Xiaowen Zeng, Mingyue Lu, Yonghua Zhang
Improved Marching Cubes Algorithmand Its Three-Dimensional Meteorological Simulation, Shuoben Bi, Lu Yuan, Xiaowen Zeng, Mingyue Lu, Yonghua Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Methodof obtaining intersection points of isosurface and vowex by linear interpolation in original Marching Cubes algorithm has been replaced by the method of trisecting element boundaries. The problem of linear interpolation not suitable for meteorological data simulation is therefore solved and the number of triangular facets in isosurfacemapping is effectively reduced. While reducing redundancy and improving mapping speed, the quality of isosurface mapping is further improved. The improved Marching Cubes algorithm is applied to the simulation of meteorological model data, i.e., the isosurface of WRF data, and good results are obtained in both the speed of image rendering and …
Design And Implementation Of Spatial Augmented Reality In Large Scene, Shuiying Ge, Shuman Liu, Shibiao Xu, Xiaopeng Zhang
Design And Implementation Of Spatial Augmented Reality In Large Scene, Shuiying Ge, Shuman Liu, Shibiao Xu, Xiaopeng Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To get long distance marker recognition in Augmented Reality, three software development toolkits were used to construct the long distance marker-less registration technology based on depth sensor, and develop a new augmented reality system based on PC platform. The tracking system was constructed by Kinect and camera. Defects in the single camera tracking system for long distance tracking were improved, and human-computer interaction in Augmented Reality was realized. By the detailed description of the main function modules, such as position calibration module, maker-less virtual-real registration module, and natural interaction module, the system design concept was introduced. Experiment results show …
Multiple Faults Identification Of Three-Level Inverter, Yanxia Shen, Wu Juan, Zhipu Zhao, Zhicheng Ji
Multiple Faults Identification Of Three-Level Inverter, Yanxia Shen, Wu Juan, Zhipu Zhao, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter was taken as an example, phase current and bridge voltage in the fault states of single switch open and several switches open at the same time were analyzed, and a method based on reconstructive phase space (RPS) and wavelet packet analysis was proposed to identify three-level inverter faults. Based on RPS method, totally different reconstructed current trajectories were obtained, which showed the features of the inverter under different fault conditions. With the help of image processing technology, all kinds of faults with different phase currents were identified. The wavelet packet analysis was …
Solving Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem By Improved Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Shipeng Xu, Dinghui Wu, Kong Fei, Zhicheng Ji
Solving Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem By Improved Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Shipeng Xu, Dinghui Wu, Kong Fei, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) more effectively, an improved chicken swarm optimization (ICSO) algorithm was proposed. A flexible job-shop scheduling model was established for the purpose of minimizing the machine makespan. The improved chicken swarm optimization algorithm was presented. Algorithm improved the update formula of chicks and combined the advantages of simulated annealing algorithm and dynamic inertia cosine weight strategy, which achieved an effective balance of global search and local exploration. According to simulating and testing four standard functions and a flexible job shop scheduling model and compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and chicken swarm …
Inertia Effect In Dynamic Tensile Tests Of Concrete-Like Materials, Zhang Shu, Yubin Lu, Dongmei Zhao, Chen Xing
Inertia Effect In Dynamic Tensile Tests Of Concrete-Like Materials, Zhang Shu, Yubin Lu, Dongmei Zhao, Chen Xing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The different understanding on the influential degree of the inertial effect does exist among researchers, and it has not been uniformly defined in dynamic tensile tests. The finite element numerical simulation method was employed to analyze the three typical dynamic tensile tests, without considering the real strain-rate effect in these models, where a constitutive model only considered the influence of hydrostatic pressure was used for modeling the specimen in these models. It is found that the dynamic tensile strength of concrete specimens in the three models mentioned is strengthened with the increase of loading strain-rate, owing to the …
Fluid Flow, Heat And Mass Transfer In Hot Dip Galvanizing Bath, Shouqun Sun, Zhongshuang Wei, Huayang Lu
Fluid Flow, Heat And Mass Transfer In Hot Dip Galvanizing Bath, Shouqun Sun, Zhongshuang Wei, Huayang Lu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Zinc dross is produced inevitably as a metallurgical phenomenon of continuous hot galvanizing process, and the quality of galvanizing is affected. The phenomenon is closely related to the physical field of molten zinc and more surface defects are easily produced if the zinc dross removal process is improperly handled. By constructing a three-dimensional viscous standard k-ε two equation turbulence model, the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer law and the distribution regularities of flow vortex were obtained under the specific initial conditions and boundary conditions. The simulation results of the observation points are basically in agreement with the experimental …
Rtds Simulation Of Quasi-Proportional Resonant Control Of Statcom Under High Voltage, Zhang Yang, Xiaopin Yang
Rtds Simulation Of Quasi-Proportional Resonant Control Of Statcom Under High Voltage, Zhang Yang, Xiaopin Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: ±100 MVar high voltage static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device is used for high voltage DC transmission which needs higher reliability. Faster response for its control system to deal with metal ground fault and other situations is required. Direct Current Control (DCC) can be used for these situations. Quasi- Proportional Resonant (quasi-PR) controller under DCC was studied and its parameters settings were discussed. The calculation methods of key parameters such as Kp and Kr were explained by mathematical deduction process. The STATCOM under higher voltage in Yunnan-Guangxi Funing transaction station was taken as an example for the calculation …
Short-Term Prediction Of Wind Speed For Wind Farm Based On Ide-Lssvm Model, Zhang Yan, Dongfeng Wang, Han Pu
Short-Term Prediction Of Wind Speed For Wind Farm Based On Ide-Lssvm Model, Zhang Yan, Dongfeng Wang, Han Pu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve the prediction accuracy of short-term wind speed for wind farm, an improved differential evolution algorithm was applied to optimize the parameters of least squares support vector machine. Two mutation operators were integrated, and the scale factor and crossover probability factor were changed gradually to adapt to the evolutionary generations. The good global search ability and population diversity in early stage of evolution were ensured, therefore the local search accuracy and the convergence speed in the late stage were enhanced. The forecasting performance of the least squares support vector machine optimized by IDE was improved. Simulation experiments on …
Simulation Of Three-Region Commutation Torque Ripple Reduction For Brushless Dc Motor, Junjie Zhu, Haoran Liu
Simulation Of Three-Region Commutation Torque Ripple Reduction For Brushless Dc Motor, Junjie Zhu, Haoran Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at brushless DC motor torque ripple during commutation section, new three-step three phases PWM method was proposed based on voltage balance principle, improving existing two phase PWM suppression method and suitable for all speed section. In this new method, the principle of non-commutation phase voltage and the neutral point voltage variation was researched. Voltage difference was remained the same by three-step PWM control strategy before and after commutation in order to suppression current ripple. Comparing with existing current slope research method, this new method is with a series of advantages: simple parameters, computing, and sampling circuit design. …
Research On Natural Gas Explosion Rules For Cuboid Obstacles In Offshore Oil Platform, Pengcheng Wang, Yuqing Sun
Research On Natural Gas Explosion Rules For Cuboid Obstacles In Offshore Oil Platform, Pengcheng Wang, Yuqing Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Quantities and blockage ratios of equipment on the platform has a great effect on the peak overpressure and temperature. The loss caused by explosion can be reduced to the minimum through the reasonable distribution of equipment, and the finite element method has been widely used in the simulation of gas cloud explosion. Offshore oil platform models with different cuboid obstacles were established by the finite element method and cuboid obstacles were distributed in 15 different situations. Mathematical relationships between overpressure and cuboid obstacles' quantities and blockage ratios were obtained. The results show that with the increase of quantities and …
Study On Balanced Energy-Consumption Routing Protocol Of Airfield Single-Lamp Monitoring System, Gao Mei, Bingyuan Wang, Dandan Zhang, Zhaorong Sun
Study On Balanced Energy-Consumption Routing Protocol Of Airfield Single-Lamp Monitoring System, Gao Mei, Bingyuan Wang, Dandan Zhang, Zhaorong Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To extend the sensor node lifetime and balance the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network, on the basis of the protocols AL-CAME (Airfield lighting-clustering algorithm based on max energy) and ECOMP (Efficient cluster-based communication protocol), a clustered hierarchy protocol of balanced energy-consumption was proposed for the airfield single-lamp monitoring system. According to the protocol, every two sensor nodes formed a cluster, and the node with the highest remaining energy was elected to be cluster head which was responsible for data aggregation within the cluster. The balanced routing algorithm was adopted in data-transmission from cluster head to …