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Articles 91 - 120 of 864
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
A Just-In-Time Learning Soft Sensing Modeling Method Based On Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model, Qi Cheng, Weili Xiong
A Just-In-Time Learning Soft Sensing Modeling Method Based On Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model, Qi Cheng, Weili Xiong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For some time-varying industrial processes with non-Gaussian properties, the model established by the general soft-sensing method is difficult to meet the accuracy requirement. To solve the above problems effectively, a JITL soft sensor modeling method (BGMM) is proposed based on Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model. For the given training sample set, the number of components of the Gaussian mixture model is optimized by Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC); For new test samples, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model is established by using the BGMM similarity criterion for the training samples to find out the most similar set;The model is used to predict …
Multi-Agent Simulation Model Of Urban Safety Livability Change, Lihu Pan, Xiaowen Li, Shipeng Qin, Yingjun Zhang, Huimin Yan
Multi-Agent Simulation Model Of Urban Safety Livability Change, Lihu Pan, Xiaowen Li, Shipeng Qin, Yingjun Zhang, Huimin Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Urban livability is an important factor for the decision of modern urban construction. Based on the multi-agent modeling theory, a model for the change of urban livability is proposed, so as to analyze the present situation and changing trend of urban livability in complex urban system. Taking safety as an example, five environmental indicators of public security, fire protection, traffic, emergency response and residence are given. The interactive dynamic feedback mechanism between residents' decision-making behavior and urban safety livability under the influence of the five indicators and policies is provided, and the residents' decision-making simulation of urban safety livability …
Teaching And Training Platform For Virtual Equipment Of Replenishment Based On Web3d, Li Nan, Shiyun Zhang
Teaching And Training Platform For Virtual Equipment Of Replenishment Based On Web3d, Li Nan, Shiyun Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the problem that military simulation training system can't maximize to the advantages of virtual reality simulation technology because of the limitations of regional, space and training ability, this paper developed a virtual equipment training and teaching platform. It made a large-scale compression for 3D models and map data. Meanwhile it made streaming and multithreading download of compressed data through the HTTP protocol. It dealt with the high concurrent access on network by using the balanced load. So that it has broken the limitations of regions space and training ability of the previous military simulation training system, …
Low-Cost Hardware-In-The-Loop Flight Simulation System, Chuanyan Tian, Junzhao Hu, Jikui Liu, Qianlong Yang
Low-Cost Hardware-In-The-Loop Flight Simulation System, Chuanyan Tian, Junzhao Hu, Jikui Liu, Qianlong Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is an effective way and experimental method to evaluate and verify the performance of the aircraft system. To satisfy the requirements of real-time, scalability, high reliability simulation of a certain aircraft control system, a new design of low-cost hardware-in-the-loop real-time scene simulation system consisted of IPC, DSP, three-axis turntable, steering engine and visual simulation computer was put forward. Real-time simulation system software composed by flight control simulation module, aircraft movement simulation module and scene simulation module was implemented, and it resolved the difficulties in real-time, data synchronization, multiple node communication of simulation system. Comparison with …
Design And Implementation Of Parallel Central Securities Trading Simulation System, Guangbin Xu
Design And Implementation Of Parallel Central Securities Trading Simulation System, Guangbin Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Chinese securities market has become a worldly very important finance pricing center. As the core facilities of the markets, the central securities trading systems of stock exchanges have been upgraded continually. Both Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges currently adopt the third-generation central securities trading systems to support respective business requirements, which are both based on the advanced parallel processing paradigm. To support various securities trading simulation experiments of the Chinese markets, referring to NGTS, the central trading system currently-used by Shanghai Stock Exchange, a PC-based simulation system is designed and implemented, which can support full market data distribution and …
Review Of Evaluation Methods Of Contribution Rate To System Of Systems, Xiaojing Yin, Xiaofeng Hu, Rong Ming, Haiyang Liu, Yongli Yang
Review Of Evaluation Methods Of Contribution Rate To System Of Systems, Xiaojing Yin, Xiaofeng Hu, Rong Ming, Haiyang Liu, Yongli Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The warfare is the encounter of system of systems (SoS). The evaluation on the contribution rate to SoS is of great importance to the development of operational SoS as a measure of the evaluating units’ contribution to SoS. In this paper the basic concept and classification of the contribution rate to operational SoS are elaborated; its connotation and nature are analyzed; and the current research status and the technical difficulties in this research field are summarized. The development trend is predicted, which provides a useful reference for relative research.
Characteristic Index Digging Of Combat Sos Capability Based On Machine Learning, Yongli Yang, Xiaofeng Hu, Rong Ming, Xiaojing Yin, Wenxiang Wang
Characteristic Index Digging Of Combat Sos Capability Based On Machine Learning, Yongli Yang, Xiaofeng Hu, Rong Ming, Xiaojing Yin, Wenxiang Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the two difficulties in characteristic index digging of combat system of systems (CSoS), namely operation data generation and digging method selection, this paper proposes a new digging method, that is, using the simulation testbed to generate operation data, then adopting the machine learning to dig characteristic index. Two methods of characteristic index digging based on machine learning are researched: (1) the method based on network convergence, divides the communities for fundamental indexes based on their relationship, and obtains the characteristic indexes by principal component analysis (PCA); this method is applied to dig the characteristic indexes of …
Reaction Force Of Ship Bearing Including Multi Factors, Shengdong Zhang, Xiuying Yang
Reaction Force Of Ship Bearing Including Multi Factors, Shengdong Zhang, Xiuying Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Since the variety and complexity of the stern bearing's operational environment and working conditions, the stern bearing load has uncertainty characters. The mathematical model of uncertainty reaction force of bearing is established including multiple random factors by using the stochastic theory; the uncertainty calculation method is formulated; and the calculation example is put forward to verify the validity of the theoretical model. The influence law among multi factors such as hull deformation, propeller hydrodynamic vertical force and bearing wear is revealed for the uncertainty reaction force of ship stern bearing by taking a large container ship as example. …
Some Problems And Countermeasures In Simulation Credibility Evaluation, Jiao Peng, Zhang Qi, Xiangyu Wei, Yabing Zha
Some Problems And Countermeasures In Simulation Credibility Evaluation, Jiao Peng, Zhang Qi, Xiangyu Wei, Yabing Zha
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the increasing application of simulation technology in various fields, users have put forward higher requirements for the credibility of the simulation system. This paper focuses on some key issues of the credibility evaluation of the simulation system, such as the unclear expected application, the incomplete evaluation, the unclear evaluation criteria, and the open loop of evaluation conclusions. From the perspectives of comprehensive implementation of credibility assessment, strengthening the design of acceptability standards, and focusing on the evaluation of closed-loop implementation, how to solve the real problem has been studied and discussed. The research results of this paper …
Osgearth Stereoscopic Vision Generation Method For Hmd-Based Virtual Reality, Liheng Tan, Ma Qiang, Bingchuan Jiang, Li Feng
Osgearth Stereoscopic Vision Generation Method For Hmd-Based Virtual Reality, Liheng Tan, Ma Qiang, Bingchuan Jiang, Li Feng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The technology of immersive virtual reality based on helmet mounted display (HMD) has become a focus of study, however, its visual content is mainly produced through commercial game engines. OsgEarth is an open-source, state-of-the-art and widely used digital earth simulation system. Based on this, we studies the stereoscopic vision generation method for global virtual terrain environment, mainly focusing on: stereoscopic vision theory; construction of global high-precision virtual geographical environment; calculation of binocular view frustrum; system integration. The proposed method is verified under the hardware conditions of PC and HTC VIVE, which can generate stereo images of the global virtual …
Simulation Platform For Invulnerability Of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, Xiuwen Fu, Yongsheng Yang
Simulation Platform For Invulnerability Of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, Xiuwen Fu, Yongsheng Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Existing simulation platforms for industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) mainly focus on the general scenario and fail to take into consideration the impacts of interference brought by external environments and emergencies on network performance, thus failing to evaluate the network invulnerability. For given the environment-impacted and event-driven features of IWSNs, the connections between network invulnerability and deployment environment are built. On this basis, a simulation platform for invulnerability of IWSNs is proposed by introducing deployment environment component and event creator. Experiments show that the platform is capable of evaluating the invulnerability of IWSNs.
Design And Implementation Of Interactive Ar System For Campus Roaming, Shengwei Qin, Li Zhong, Jinfeng Li, Zihao Chen, Jingqian Ding, Wanshun Liu
Design And Implementation Of Interactive Ar System For Campus Roaming, Shengwei Qin, Li Zhong, Jinfeng Li, Zihao Chen, Jingqian Ding, Wanshun Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are many kinds of navigation applications in universities recently. These applications have obvious shortcomings, which only indicate the outdoor locations without detail information; even some places cannot be found in the map; and it takes a lot of time to design a system. Meanwhile the system cannot achieve real-time interaction effect in virtual ramble. An interactive campus roaming augmented reality (AR) system is designed combining with GPS module for locating outside the campus and utilizing deep learning technology to achieve locating the inside buildings of campus. Simultaneously AR technology will improve interactivity of the system. The experiment …
Research And Implementation Of Driving Concern Area Detection Based On Deep Learning, Jihua Ye, Shuxia Shi, Hanxi Li, Shimin Wang, Siyu Yang
Research And Implementation Of Driving Concern Area Detection Based On Deep Learning, Jihua Ye, Shuxia Shi, Hanxi Li, Shimin Wang, Siyu Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As a key technology of intelligent driving, driving concern area detection method has an important impact on the performance of intelligent driving or intelligent early warning system. In view of the shortcomings of the existing methods, this paper proposes an effective method for driving concern area detection based on the deep learning. We obtain the camera internal and external parameters by using camera self-calibration method based on camera model, use the Canny edge detection and Bisecting K-means clustering to realize the vanishing point estimation, and establish the road detection model based on the obtained estimates. We obtain the depth …
Visualization Analysis Method Of Passenger Hotspot Based On Fast Density Clustering, Zihe Huang, Shangbing Gao, Zhigeng Pan, Hui Hao, Qiyu Liao, Fengfeng Zhao
Visualization Analysis Method Of Passenger Hotspot Based On Fast Density Clustering, Zihe Huang, Shangbing Gao, Zhigeng Pan, Hui Hao, Qiyu Liao, Fengfeng Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the development of urbanized transportation, the perceptual computing plays an important role in smart cities. Aiming at the problem that the traditional density clustering algorithm cannot adapt to massive taxi GPS trajectory data and visualization, the BCS-DBSCAN (Big-Data Cluster Center Statistics Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering algorithm is proposed. The algorithm can segment and parallelize the trajectory data, extract the maximum density cluster, and adapt the result to the visualization model. The experimental results show that compared with other popular methods, this method has significant advantages in extracting clustering speed, accuracy and visualization of urban …
Cooperative Control Technology Of Networked Autonomous Driving Vehicle Based On Delay Compensation, Zhengze Zhu, Haiying Zhou, Yongzhi Fu, Zhou Kui, Sishan Wang, Jiayuan Gong, Sihao Deng, Kunming Hou
Cooperative Control Technology Of Networked Autonomous Driving Vehicle Based On Delay Compensation, Zhengze Zhu, Haiying Zhou, Yongzhi Fu, Zhou Kui, Sishan Wang, Jiayuan Gong, Sihao Deng, Kunming Hou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the disordered and lost packets problems in intelligent transportation system, this paper studies the cooperative control technology of autonomous driving vehicle and proposes an autonomous platoon-driving model based on Zero Order Hold (ZOH) information processing mechanism. A dedicated nonlinear state estimation algorithm is used to compensate for the delay so the platoon-driving model remains valid under the complex vehicle driving environments. A real autonomous driving platoon is tested in a vehicle proving ground for cooperative driving. The analysis of the experimental data and simulation results based on the real networked autonomous driving system verified the stability, …
Numerical Simulation Of Steady Flow Performance Of Venturi Tube Based On Fluent, Fuyu Liu, Xiaodong Hu, Zhixi Liang, Qinglei Liu
Numerical Simulation Of Steady Flow Performance Of Venturi Tube Based On Fluent, Fuyu Liu, Xiaodong Hu, Zhixi Liang, Qinglei Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The cavitation flow performances of a given Venturi tube were studied to get the steady flow curve and predict the cavitation region based on the realizable k-ε turbulence model and Zwart (Zwart-Gerber-Belamri) cavitation model under the designed conditions with FLUENT software. The throat diameters D of the Venturi tube were chosen as 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 9mm respectively; and the distances L between the throat and the entrance were 60mm,40mm and 20mm respectively. It can be concluded that: (1) The phenomenon of hydraulic cavitation is the main reason for the steady flow of Venturi tubes; (2) Throat diameter affects …
Research On Hwil Simulation Of Rf/Ir Dual-Mode Sensors Based On Compact Antenna, Gao Yang, Ma Jing, Huiyang Qu, Qun Wei, Jindong Fei
Research On Hwil Simulation Of Rf/Ir Dual-Mode Sensors Based On Compact Antenna, Gao Yang, Ma Jing, Huiyang Qu, Qun Wei, Jindong Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The advent of RF/IR dual-mode sensor technology in the more and more completed detecting environment has led to the requirement of simulation tools that are necessary to test dual-mode sensor. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment and test of the radio frequency/infrared composite sensor are carried out.A RF/IR dual-mode simulation method based on the Compact antenna test ranges is proposed here. This system consists of IR simulator, RF simulator, beam-combiner etc. The testing result shows that RF/IR dual-mode simulation system has abilities of IR transmission and RF reflection, and could be used in RF/IR dual-mode sensor simulation.
Temperature Field Simulation Analysis Of Common Rail Injector Based On Multi-Field Coupling, Yutao Chen, Zuoqun Wang, Zhengwei Long, Mingrui Zhang, Qingsong An, Guibing Chen
Temperature Field Simulation Analysis Of Common Rail Injector Based On Multi-Field Coupling, Yutao Chen, Zuoqun Wang, Zhengwei Long, Mingrui Zhang, Qingsong An, Guibing Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The reliability of high pressure common rail injector depends on the calculation accuracy of its temperature changing. Due to the temperature measurement limitation and difficulty, in order to obtain more detailed temperature distribution, a coupling physical model is established in this paper based on multi-fields coupling analysis method, and a method based on the uni-directional coupling for calculating the temperature distribution of injector accurately is developed. The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient varies with the flow state and the multi-field coupling method can correct the convective heat transfer coefficient according to the flow state automatically, which …
Chaotic Time Series Prediction Based On Gaussian Processes Mixture, Zhenjie Feng, Fan Yu
Chaotic Time Series Prediction Based On Gaussian Processes Mixture, Zhenjie Feng, Fan Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the existing learning algorithms of Gaussian processes mixture (GPM) model, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), variation or leave one out, have high computational complexity, a hidden variables posterior hard-cut iterative training algorithm is proposed, which simplifies the training process of the model. The GPM model based on the proposed algorithm is applied to chaotic time series prediction. The effects of embedding dimension, time delay, learning sample number, and testing sample numbers on predictive ability are discussed. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that the prediction of the GPM model is more …
Virtual Scene Roaming Method Supporting Multi-Layer Path Planning, Shi Min, Yukun Wei, Xiangchen Jin, Suqin Wang, Tianlu Mao
Virtual Scene Roaming Method Supporting Multi-Layer Path Planning, Shi Min, Yukun Wei, Xiangchen Jin, Suqin Wang, Tianlu Mao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Taking the automatic role pathfinding in three-dimensional virtual scene as the research background, the author proposes a method of multi-layer pathfinding based on A-star algorithm, and uses advanced heuristic functions to evaluate the cost values of various expansion nodes to confirm the optimal solution to the problems. By introducing collision detection mechanism, the navigation path generated by the improved A* algorithm is modified to avoid collision; and by interpolating the fixed path, the smooth navigation path is constructed using Bézier Curve. The experimental results show that the path finding results can well adapt to the multi-layer case when the …
Personalized Music Recommendation Algorithm Tfpmf, Xining Ye, Wang Meng
Personalized Music Recommendation Algorithm Tfpmf, Xining Ye, Wang Meng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In recent years, the personalized context-aware recommendation is the rub and hotness in the research of recommendation system, and the data sparseness is the main problem faced by the current recommendation systems. In the setting of music recommendation, the representing method of varieties of situational information is improved. A model of TFPMF is proposed, which combines the model of RR-PMF with the tensor decomposition. TFPMF is optimized by alternative least squares (ALS). By the simulation experiments in the last.fm dataset, we got the TOP-N recommended list through the simulation program. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has …
Pulse Signal Detection Based On Dual Extended Duffing Oscillators, Wenmao Luo
Pulse Signal Detection Based On Dual Extended Duffing Oscillators, Wenmao Luo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Because the chaotic oscillator can detect signal under lower SNR than the usual signal detection methods, it has been widely studied. In order to extend the application range of the existing chaotic oscillator to aperiodic pulse signal detection, a detection method based on dual Duffing oscillator is proposed. The method uses the difference between the state variables of two generalized time scale Duffing oscillators to detect signal. By selecting the system parameters rationally, the method can detect aperiodic square pulse while the SNR is as low as -30 dB, and detect signals at lower SNR than existing methods. …
Dynamic Shadow Detection And Tracking Of Online Video From Mobile View, Youpeng Zhang, Wang Chun, Yanli Liu
Dynamic Shadow Detection And Tracking Of Online Video From Mobile View, Youpeng Zhang, Wang Chun, Yanli Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A shadow edge detection and tracking framework based on optical flow tracking in outdoor scenes is proposed. The SVM is trained by using the edge information features extracted from the known results; the optical flow tracking is performed on the two frames before and after; and the SVM model is used to identify the points corresponding to the shadow features from the neighborhood Canny confidence edges of the unstable tracking points. A method for dynamically updating the SVM is designed for the new material problem of the scene caused by the viewpoint movement. The complexity of the shadow projection …
Surgery Simulation Of Internal Fixation For Compression Fractures, Xie Cui, Junmei Geng, Li Jian, Junyu Dong
Surgery Simulation Of Internal Fixation For Compression Fractures, Xie Cui, Junmei Geng, Li Jian, Junyu Dong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Virtual surgery simulation provides new means for medical surgery training with realism and immersion. A virtual surgery simulation of internal fixation for compression fractures is designed and implemented. By constructing 3D surgical scene, making deformation animation, adopting multi-level colliders combination and switching method for collision detection, and designing a multi-factors force feedback model to compute the tactile force and mapping the values to the different levels of vibration intensity of the HTC handle, combining with voice guidance and UI visual feedback, a visual, audible and tactile multi-channel surgical experience can be obtained. The system provides a guiding training module …
Research On Physical Simulation Method Of Micro-Doppler Effect Of Laser Scattering Echo, Du Jian, Zhang Xing, Hongming Zhao, Gao Yang, Cao Qiang, Xinlan Zhang
Research On Physical Simulation Method Of Micro-Doppler Effect Of Laser Scattering Echo, Du Jian, Zhang Xing, Hongming Zhao, Gao Yang, Cao Qiang, Xinlan Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to realize the physical simulation of the micro-Doppler effect of laser detection echo, a mathematical model of micro-Doppler effect for single-point motion is established. Two physics simulation methods for laser scattering echo micro-Doppler effect based on controllable vibrator and acousto-optical modulator are proposed, and two experiment systems are set up. The experimental results show that the two methods can achieve the modulation of laser wave echo. The advantage of the simulation scheme based on controllable vibration is that the simulation results are closer to the actual situation, but the frequency modulation range is smaller, while the …
Simulation And Analysis On The Moving Performance Of Quiet Zone On Compact Antenna Test Range, Liwei Guo, Simin Li, Ma Jing, Peng Lin, Jiang Xing
Simulation And Analysis On The Moving Performance Of Quiet Zone On Compact Antenna Test Range, Liwei Guo, Simin Li, Ma Jing, Peng Lin, Jiang Xing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) is an important equipment for Radar-Cross Section test. In order to generate an approximate Uniform Plane Wave (UPW) illuminating environmentand satisfy far field conditions of antenna measurement, the quiet zone scanning of the compact antenna test range is studied by controlling the phase of the array feeding. When the three-tuple array feed and the 2×2 array feed are simulated and only phase changes, the array feed beam scanning is controlled to realize the quiet zone scanning characteristics.The movement characteristics of the quiet zone for the compact antenna test range is analyzed. The movement of …
Study On Model And Accumulation Rule For Departure Check-In Queues, Zhiwei Xing, Junxian Jiang, Luo Xiao, Luo Qian, Yang Yang
Study On Model And Accumulation Rule For Departure Check-In Queues, Zhiwei Xing, Junxian Jiang, Luo Xiao, Luo Qian, Yang Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The aggregation rule of departure passengers in the terminal building is studied in combination with human behavior dynamics. Based on this, the change rule of queuing length of departing passengers on non-full-open check-in island is studied. The queuing process is discretized by introducing the concept of time series, and the queue length Markov Chain is obtained in the serpentine queuing form. Then, the aggregation rate of each time series is predicted by the single-flight departure passenger aggregation model. By selecting the appropriate value of the check-in counter service rate, the check-in queuing length model of multiple adjacent flights is …
Gpr Modeling Method Based On Kernel Slow Feature Analysis And Time Delay Estimation, Huilai Peng, Weili Xiong
Gpr Modeling Method Based On Kernel Slow Feature Analysis And Time Delay Estimation, Huilai Peng, Weili Xiong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A Gaussian process regression modeling method based on kernel slow feature analysis is proposed to deal with the time delay and nonlinear characteristics in industrial processes. The time delay in the industrial data is effectively extracted by fuzzy curve analysis and the optimal time-delay in the data is obtained. The model data is reconstructed based on the optimal delay. The method of kernel slow feature analysis is used to extract the nonlinear features of the reconstructed data. The Gaussian process regression model is established based on the extracted features. The effectiveness and performance of the method are verified by …
Simulation And Experiment Of Friction Modeling And Compensation Of Scara, Li Lin, Yanlong Lin, Yanbiao Zou
Simulation And Experiment Of Friction Modeling And Compensation Of Scara, Li Lin, Yanlong Lin, Yanbiao Zou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the friction of joints, the localization accuracy of Scara robot is deteriorated. To deal with this problem, the friction of robot joints is modeled, identified and compensated. A method of identifying the friction force of robot working in limited working space is proposed. The Lugre friction model is used to describe the joint friction of the robots. By allowing the robot to track the sinusoidal curve, the relationship between the friction torque and the joint velocity is established, and the friction parameters are identified. The adaptive control method is proposed to control the robot. The experiment and …
Flow Stability Of Hunt Flow Under Low-Intensity Magnetic Field, Dong Shuai, Li Shuang, Xuemin Ye
Flow Stability Of Hunt Flow Under Low-Intensity Magnetic Field, Dong Shuai, Li Shuang, Xuemin Ye
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The stability of conducting fluid flow in ducts under magnetic field is vital to materials preparation and the design and operation of thermonuclear fusion cooling system. A model of MHD duct flow which is known as Hunt’s flow is simulated by non-normal mode stability analysis in this study.. The amplification and distribution of optimal primary perturbations are obtained by solving iteratively the direct and adjoint governing equations with respect of the perturbation variables. Four modes of perturbations with different symmetries in the space are considered, and the effect of the low-intensity magnetic field is also taken into …