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Articles 751 - 780 of 3880
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Energy Management Strategy Of Multi-Agent Microgrid Based On Q-Learning Algorithm, Miaomiao Ma, Lipeng Dong, Xiangjie Liu
Energy Management Strategy Of Multi-Agent Microgrid Based On Q-Learning Algorithm, Miaomiao Ma, Lipeng Dong, Xiangjie Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper proposes a multi-agent microgrid energy management method for the energy trading and benefit distribution in the microgrid power market based on the Q-learning algorithm. Based on the electricity market, microgrid system and transaction process are constructed to clarify the responsibilities of each unit. The mathematical models of distributed power generations are established by considering the changes in wind speed, light intensity and ambient temperature, as well as the upper and lower limit constraints of the output power of each power generation unit. On this basis, the distributed power generations and user loads are regarded as agents, and …
Modeling And System Realization Of Assembly Robot Based On Digital Twin, Jian Xu, Xin Song, Xiuping Liu, Bo Chen
Modeling And System Realization Of Assembly Robot Based On Digital Twin, Jian Xu, Xin Song, Xiuping Liu, Bo Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of time-consuming, labor-intensive and poor accuracy in programming of complex operations of industrial assembly robots, an online programming method for robots based on digital twin is proposed. From the four dimensions of geometry, contact dynamics, behavior and rules, the faithful mapping of the robot from real to virtual space is realized. The verification of multi-part assembly trajectory planning program, real-time synchronous operation and state monitoring are realized. An assembly robot modeling and online programming system based on digital twin is designed and built. A six-axis industrial robot cell is taken as an example to verify …
Modeling And Identification Of Wind Power Generation System Based On Hammerstein Model, Feng Li, Tian Zheng, Wei Song
Modeling And Identification Of Wind Power Generation System Based On Hammerstein Model, Feng Li, Tian Zheng, Wei Song
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A modeling and identification method of wind power generation system based on Hammerstein model is studied to establish high-precision model of wind power generation system. Firstly, 3σ criterion is used to propose the abnormal data, and the eliminated data is used to train the nominal model of the wind power generation system. Furthermore, the Hammerstein model is used to establish the data-driven model of wind power generation system, and the combined signal composed of separable signal and actual wind speed is used as the input of the Hammerstein model. The output of the separable signal through the nominal model …
Simulation Of Pedestrian Emergency Evacuation Considering Terrorist Attack Mode, Shuchao Cao, Jialong Qian
Simulation Of Pedestrian Emergency Evacuation Considering Terrorist Attack Mode, Shuchao Cao, Jialong Qian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To investigate pedestrian evacuation under the sudden terrorist attack, an evacuation model is established for pedestrians taking into account the terrorist attack mode. The terrorist can take two strategies including attacking the nearest pedestrian and attacking the crowd in the model. The evacuation time, casualties and location distribution in various scenarios under different attack modes are analyzed. The results show that pedestrians need to maintain a proper escape intention when avoiding the terrorist. The closer the initial position of the terrorists to the exit, the greater the number of casualties and the longer the evacuation time. The effect of …
Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm Of Unrelated Parallel Batch Scheduling Optimization, Lizhen Du, Tao Ye, Yuhao Wang, Yajun Zhang
Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm Of Unrelated Parallel Batch Scheduling Optimization, Lizhen Du, Tao Ye, Yuhao Wang, Yajun Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To address the problems of population diversity loss and the tendency to fall into local optimality in the PSO (particle swarm optimization)algorithm in dealing with unrelated parallel batch scheduling problems, an improved scheduling optimization algorithm for PSO is proposed for minimizing the maximum completion time solution. A real number encoding based on the sequence of artifacts is used for the encoding operation. A new strategy based on J_B local search is designed based on the mixed integer programming model of the problem. The Metropolis criterion of the simulated annealing algorithm isintroduced into the individual extreme value search of the …
An Intelligent Driver Model Simulation Considering Both Backward Looking Effect And Velocity Difference, Yin Xu, Yun Pu, Haixu Liu, Yifan Tan
An Intelligent Driver Model Simulation Considering Both Backward Looking Effect And Velocity Difference, Yin Xu, Yun Pu, Haixu Liu, Yifan Tan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the phenomenon that driver adjusts vehicle movement by observing the following vehicles through rearview mirror in the actual car-following driving, an improved intelligent driver model accounting for both backward looking effect and velocity difference is proposed, and the critical stability condition of the new model is obtained by employing the linear stability analysis. Based on the numerical simulation experiments, the car following characteristics analysis during the acceleration process of the vehicle and the traffic safety evaluation are carried out. A small disturbance simulation under the periodic boundary condition is used to verify the conclusion consistency of stability …
Surface Defect Detection Of Power Equipment Using Adaptive Receptive Field Network, Hao Yu, Jinxia Jiang, Xiaohan Lai, Feng Mei
Surface Defect Detection Of Power Equipment Using Adaptive Receptive Field Network, Hao Yu, Jinxia Jiang, Xiaohan Lai, Feng Mei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the detection of defects such as icing, rust, and contamination of power equipment in substations, a novel adaptive receptive field network (ARFN) is proposed, in which an adaptive receptive field module (ARFM) combined with the attention mechanism can effectively fuse multi-scale features. Considering the small sample learning attribute of defect detection, a power equipment surface defect simulation data synthesis method based on real texture is also proposed. The experimental results on the simulation dataset show that the network has high detection accuracy for surface defects across devices, while having advantages such as small size and fast operation speed.
Application Of 3d Scanned Big Data Of Large-Scale Cultural Heritage Objects Based On Noise-Robust Transparent Visualization, Tanaka Satoshi
Application Of 3d Scanned Big Data Of Large-Scale Cultural Heritage Objects Based On Noise-Robust Transparent Visualization, Tanaka Satoshi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology has undergone remarkable developments in recent years. Data acquired by 3D scanning have the form of 3D point clouds. The 3D scanned point clouds have data sizes that can be considered big data. They also contain measurement noise inherent in measurement data. These properties of 3D scanned point clouds make many traditional CG/visualization techniques difficult. This paper reviewed our recent achievements in developing varieties of high-quality visualizations suitable for the visual analysis of 3D scanned point clouds. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the method by applying the visualizations to various cultural heritage objects. The main …
Pedestrian Evacuation Model Considering Emotional Infection, Fan Dong, Qimiao Xie, Xiaolian Li, Shuchao Cao
Pedestrian Evacuation Model Considering Emotional Infection, Fan Dong, Qimiao Xie, Xiaolian Li, Shuchao Cao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To explore the role of panic in crowd evacuation, a crowd evacuation model considering panic infection is constructed based on SIR model, SIS model and CA model. The influences of emotional threshold and emotional decay rate on the evacuation process of pedestrians are discussed. The results show that pedestrians under high panic might lose rational judgment and hinder the evacuation of the crowd around, resulting in a decrease of evacuation efficiency. It can be found that the state of an individual depends on the infection threshold and the immune threshold. The emotional decay rate affects the change rate of …
Intelligent Air Defense Task Assignment Based On Assignment Strategy Optimization Algorithm, Jiayi Liu, Gang Wang, Qiang Fu, Xiangke Guo, Siyuan Wang
Intelligent Air Defense Task Assignment Based On Assignment Strategy Optimization Algorithm, Jiayi Liu, Gang Wang, Qiang Fu, Xiangke Guo, Siyuan Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the insufficient solving speed of assignment strategy optimization algorithm in largescale scenarios, deep reinforcement learning is combined with Markov decision process to carry out the intelligent large-scale air defense task assignment. According to the characteristics of large-scale air defense operations, Markov decision process is used to model the agent and a digital battlefield simulation environment is built. Air defense task assignment agent is designed and trained in digital battlefield simulation environment through proximal policy optimization algorithm. The feasibility and advantage of the method are verified by taking a large-scale ground-to-air countermeasure mission as an example.
Intelligent Path Planning For Mobile Robots Based On Sac Algorithm, Laiyi Yang, Jing Bi, Haitao Yuan
Intelligent Path Planning For Mobile Robots Based On Sac Algorithm, Laiyi Yang, Jing Bi, Haitao Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the high dimension, slow convergence and complex modelling of traditional path planning algorithms for mobile robots, a new intelligent path planning algorithm is proposed, which is based on deep reinforcement learning soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm to save the poor performance of robot in complicated environments with static and dynamic obstacles. An improved reward function is designed to enable mobile robots to quickly avoid obstacles and reach targets by using state dynamic normalization and priority experience pool techniques. To evaluate the performance, a pygame-based simulation environment is constructed. Compared with proximal policy optimization(PPO) algorithm, experimental …
Robot Path Planning By Fusing Particle Swarm Algorithm And Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm, Menglong Cao, Wenbin Zhao, Zhiqiang Chen
Robot Path Planning By Fusing Particle Swarm Algorithm And Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm, Menglong Cao, Wenbin Zhao, Zhiqiang Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the long paths and slow convergence speed of GWO algorithm in robot path planning, a hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm based on PSO algorithm and the improved GWO algorithm is proposed. By running PSO algorithm for many times, the initial wolf group size and initial fitness value are determined. A nonlinear convergence factor is introduced to balance the exploration and development capabilities of GWO algorithm, and a dynamic inertia weight factor is proposed to ensure the leadership system of alpha wolf and to promote the population communication. Levy flight and greedy strategy are used to effectively avoid the local …
Research On Modeling And Optimization Method Of Torpedo Anti-Jamming Attack Based On Game Confrontation, Liqiang Guo, Ma Liang, Zhang Hui, Yang Jing, Fan Xueman, Cheng Zhuo
Research On Modeling And Optimization Method Of Torpedo Anti-Jamming Attack Based On Game Confrontation, Liqiang Guo, Ma Liang, Zhang Hui, Yang Jing, Fan Xueman, Cheng Zhuo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the strong adversarial characteristics of underwater attack and defense operations and the time-consuming problem of traditional Monte Carlo method, a model of torpedo anti-jamming attack based on game confrontation is designed and an improved genetic simulated annealing algorithm for optimal model is proposed. Through the research method of simulation analysis, on the basis of the models of two torpedo salvo attack and submarine acoustic resistance defense, the attack-defense confrontation model is constructed according to the Nash equilibrium theory under zero-sum game. The initial population, fitness function, and evolutionary strategy of GA are improved by the ideas of …
Opto-Mechanical-Thermal Coupling Analysis Method And Implementation Of High-Precision Optical System, Liang Zhao, Zhigang Zhang, Yao Sun
Opto-Mechanical-Thermal Coupling Analysis Method And Implementation Of High-Precision Optical System, Liang Zhao, Zhigang Zhang, Yao Sun
Journal of System Simulation
High-precision optical system is easy to be affected by space environment. Under the condition of high temperature, structural load, etc., the image quality of the optical system becomes poor, and the opto-mechanical-thermal coupling analysis is needed. Due to the independent development of the optical simulation, structure simulation, thermal simulation and others, the simulation data can not be effectively coupled and transferred.An interdisciplinary coupling analysis method is proposed, in which the integrated analysis idea is adopted and the polynomial fitting is used as the interface to solve the irregular deformation of optical element surface. Through the implement of the best …
Research And Development Of Immersive Aero-Engine Scene Simulation System, Shun Yao, Zhongzhi Hu, Wenyu Cao, Jiali Yang
Research And Development Of Immersive Aero-Engine Scene Simulation System, Shun Yao, Zhongzhi Hu, Wenyu Cao, Jiali Yang
Journal of System Simulation
The research and development of aero-engines has the characteristics of high precision and interdiscipline. In order to reduce communication costs and to display the engine structure and the state of semi-physical simulator, by applying virtual reality technology,an immersive scene simulation system is built. By studying CAD data lightweight technology and physics-based real-time rendering technology,a rendering optimization method for similar object dynamic batching is proposed, which effectively improves the rendering frame rate. A dynamic parallax adjustment algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of dizziness when having a close look to stereoscopic images. The system achieves the …
Point Cloud Surface Matching Method Based On Precise Matching Of Critical Point, Xiaojuan Ning, Chunxu Li, Jiahao Wang, Jing Tang, Yinghui Wang, Haiyan Jin
Point Cloud Surface Matching Method Based On Precise Matching Of Critical Point, Xiaojuan Ning, Chunxu Li, Jiahao Wang, Jing Tang, Yinghui Wang, Haiyan Jin
Journal of System Simulation
To solve the low matching efficiency and insufficient accuracy of feature-based point cloud surface matching method during critical point matching, a point cloud surface matching method based on the pairing exaction of critical points is proposed.An improved 3D scale-invariant feature transform(3D-SIFT) algorithm based on curvature information is presented to extract the critical points. Fast point feature histograms(FPFH) feature, the angle between the vector from the center to critical points and the principal direction of the model are taken as the constraints to obtain the exact critical point matching point pair set. The initial matching of the model surface is …
Agent-Based Ecosystem Simulation Research Under Forest Fire, Ying Li, Nisuo Du, Zhi Ouyang
Agent-Based Ecosystem Simulation Research Under Forest Fire, Ying Li, Nisuo Du, Zhi Ouyang
Journal of System Simulation
An Agent-based multi-species simulation model under forest fireis proposed to study the effect of forest fire on the balance of animal species population.By abstracting elements of each type of species and fire in the forest fire process as agents, the attributes and behavior rules of each type of agents according to the real characteristics of each type of species and forest fire are refined. ABM model is used to show the characteristics of multi-agent interaction in complex systems, and construct a multi-species forest ecological model and a forest fire model. On the basis of validating the rationality of …
Semantic Segmentation Model Based On Adaptive Fusion And Attention Refinement, Yun Wei, Qi Luo, Yingzhi Zhao
Semantic Segmentation Model Based On Adaptive Fusion And Attention Refinement, Yun Wei, Qi Luo, Yingzhi Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Aiming at the insufficient use of context information and loss of detail information of the existing semantic segmentation, a model based on adaptive fusion and attention refinement is proposed.The model introduces an adaptive fusion module in the process of coding, and solves the insufficient use of context information by fusing each feature map according to the corresponding weight. An attention thinning module is designed in the process of decoding, so that the low-order features and high-order features can guide and optimize each other to solve the loss of detail information.The experimental results show that the average intersection union …
Multi-Robot Formation Control Based On Improved Virtual Spring Model, Yimei Chen, Xiaofan Shi, Baoquan Li
Multi-Robot Formation Control Based On Improved Virtual Spring Model, Yimei Chen, Xiaofan Shi, Baoquan Li
Journal of System Simulation
Aiming at multi-robot system being difficult to avoid obstacles and maintain formation in unknown environment, a cooperative formation obstacle avoidance control algorithm based on the improved virtual spring model is proposed.The virtual spring model is introduced on the basis of leader-follower formation approach, which solves the problems of easy touch and out of formation. The attractive elastic force formula between the robot and the target point is established, and the virtual spring model of the obstacle with adjustable damping is designed to complete the obstacle avoidance behavior of robot. Aiming at some complex concave obstacles, the concept of additional …
Learning Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm For Transportation-Assembly Collaborative Optimization Problem, Tengfei Zhang, Rong Hu, Bin Qian, Lü Yang
Learning Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm For Transportation-Assembly Collaborative Optimization Problem, Tengfei Zhang, Rong Hu, Bin Qian, Lü Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Aiming at transportation-assembly collaborative optimization problems,an integer programming model is established, and a learning variable neighborhood search with decomposition strategy (LVNS_DS) is proposed. To reduce the difficulty of solving the problem, a decomposition strategy is designed to decompose the original problem into a path planning problem and an assembly line balance problem. LVNS is used to solve the two subproblems, and the subproblem solutions are merged to obtain the complete solution of the original problem.Compared with the conventional VNS, LVNS transforms the neighborhood structure according to the neighborhood action probability value, and dynamically updates the probability value according …
Fault Indicator Configuration Optimization Based On Cooperative Game Particle Swarm Algorithm, Xu Wang, Weidong Ji, Guohui Zhou
Fault Indicator Configuration Optimization Based On Cooperative Game Particle Swarm Algorithm, Xu Wang, Weidong Ji, Guohui Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
In order to balance the reliability and economy of distribution network fault indicator, a multispace cooperative game particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Based on the idea of population space grouping, the population activity space is adaptively divided, the particle game evolution in subspace is achieved, and the game calculation of particle fusion cosine similar reverse strategy is carried out, which well balances the convergence and diversity of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the adaptive multi-space division of population is conducive to jumping out of the local extreme value, and the game calculation integrating cosine similar reverse is …
Ar-Assisted Sign Language Letter Recognition Method Based On Improved Mobilenet Network, Chunhong Liu, Song Wang, Fupan Wang, Wensheng Tang, Yunqiang Pei, Dongsheng Tian, Yadong Wu
Ar-Assisted Sign Language Letter Recognition Method Based On Improved Mobilenet Network, Chunhong Liu, Song Wang, Fupan Wang, Wensheng Tang, Yunqiang Pei, Dongsheng Tian, Yadong Wu
Journal of System Simulation
An AR-assisted sign language letter recognition algorithm MS-MobileNet is proposed for the problems of sign language gestures needing to be standardized and low recognition rate. A multi-scale convolution module is designed to extract the low-level features and enhance the feature extraction ability. ELU activation function is used to retain the negative feature information, which combined with a lightweight MobileNet model for the web to improve the recognition accuracy and real-time performance for mobile AR applications. Test results show that compared with the original model, the recognition accuracy of MS-MobileNet on the datasets ASL-M, NUS-II and Creative Senz3D is improved by …
Evolution Analysis Of Manufacturing Supply Chain Layout Considering Import Tax Burden And Customs Clearance Delay, Wuqiang Li
Journal of System Simulation
For foreign suppliers located in the special customs supervision area of free trade zone (FTZ), they can avoid the import tax burden of the remaining inventory can be avoided, but the import clearance may affect the timeliness of supply.Considering the widespread application of pull production, evolutionary game is introduced to study the influence of import tax burden and customs clearance delay on supply chain layout in FTZ. Three evolutionary stability strategies (ESS) are researched, which can be determined by the three conditions constructed by the import tax burden and customs clearance delay. The impact of import tax burden …
Summary Of Simulation Technology And Its Application In Training Field, Zhiming Qiu, Heng Li, Yufang Zhou, Duzheng Qing
Summary Of Simulation Technology And Its Application In Training Field, Zhiming Qiu, Heng Li, Yufang Zhou, Duzheng Qing
Journal of System Simulation
High-tech weapons operations and battlefield environment become more and more increasingly sophisticated. It is an effective way to resolve the conflicts between huge equipment training cost and limited resources and improve training quality by building networked systematic and intelligent simulation training equipment and system and conducting systematic countermeasure simulation training based on present simulation technologies and training resources. The current situation and trend of the development of system architecture of simulation simulation modeling enemy simulation information system simulation etc are evaluated and summarized. It initially analyses the application and efficacy on the US Navy's normalized training environment typical systems such …
Application Of Digital Twin In Digital Transformation Of Thermal Power Units, Ze Dong, Wei Jiang, Xiaoyan Wang, Lei Liu
Application Of Digital Twin In Digital Transformation Of Thermal Power Units, Ze Dong, Wei Jiang, Xiaoyan Wang, Lei Liu
Journal of System Simulation
A new state estimation algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy to obtain the optimal state estimation of distribution network against FDI attack. In the case of phasor measurement units being attacked and the measurement results being alteredthe optimal Kalman estimate can be decomposed into a weighted sum of local state estimates. Focusing on the insecurity of the weighted sum methoda convex optimization based on local estimation is proposed to replace the method and combine the local estimation into a secure state estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator is consistent with the Kalman …
Simulation Research On Cooperative Control For Aircraft Ground Deicing Operation, Liwen Wang, Biao Li, Zhiwei Xing, Guan Lian
Simulation Research On Cooperative Control For Aircraft Ground Deicing Operation, Liwen Wang, Biao Li, Zhiwei Xing, Guan Lian
Journal of System Simulation
Aiming at the weak cooperation and low efficiency in aircraft ground deicing operation,a cooperative control method for deicing operations is designed based on the consistency of information states.A two-stage deicing Agent model is proposed and a multi-objective collaborative optimization model with the best deicing effect and the shortest deicing time is established. Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is applied to construct a feasible solution for the optimal operating parameters. Combined with the deicing process and mode, the cooperative graph of deicing operation is studied based on the operating topology, and the cooperative control method of ground deicing is constructed …
Dynamic Simulation Of Urban Agglomeration Passenger Transport Network Vulnerability Based On Multi-Agent, Chengbing Li, Yunfei Li, Peng Wu
Dynamic Simulation Of Urban Agglomeration Passenger Transport Network Vulnerability Based On Multi-Agent, Chengbing Li, Yunfei Li, Peng Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Research on vulnerability of comprehensive passenger transportation network in urban agglomerations helps to ensure the transportation efficiency of intercity travel.A comprehensive passenger transport network model of urban agglomeration is built based on multi-layer complex network theory. Urban transportation transfer factors are considered, actual passenger flow is used to calibrate the station load and capacity and a dynamic model of network cascading failure is constructed. Multi-agents are used to simulate the actual passenger flow, Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest path, and two time-dimensional vulnerability evaluation indicators are proposed.MATLAB is used to carry out the dynamic simulation …
Secure State Estimation Of Distribution Network Based On Kalman Filter Decomposition, Xinghua Liu, Siwen Dong, Jiaqiang Tian
Secure State Estimation Of Distribution Network Based On Kalman Filter Decomposition, Xinghua Liu, Siwen Dong, Jiaqiang Tian
Journal of System Simulation
A new state estimation algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy to obtain the optimal state estimation of distribution network against FDI attack. In the case of phasor measurement units being attacked and the measurement results being altered,the optimal Kalman estimate can be decomposed into a weighted sum of local state estimates. Focusing on the insecurity of the weighted sum method,a convex optimization based on local estimation is proposed to replace the method and combine the local estimation into a secure state estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator is consistent with the Kalman …
Joint Optimization Strategy Of Computing Offloading And Edge Caching For Intelligent Connected Vehicles, Fei Ding, Yuchen Sha, Ying Hong, Xiao Kuai, Dengyin Zhang
Joint Optimization Strategy Of Computing Offloading And Edge Caching For Intelligent Connected Vehicles, Fei Ding, Yuchen Sha, Ying Hong, Xiao Kuai, Dengyin Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
To guarantee the low-delay communication of intelligent connected vehicles, the V2X channel model and the multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology, are used to carry out the research of the joint optimization strategy of computing offloading and edge caching.An intelligent connected vehicle with task offloading and edge caching model least-deep deterministic policy gradient(L-DDPG) is developed.By integrating the vehicular local and edge computing resources, the classification processing of different computing tasks in V2X scenarios is supported.The vehicular computing request is prejudged by edge platform to ensure the rapid response of continuous homogeneous computing tasks. Combining with the least recently …
Research On Energy Coordination Control Strategy In Dc Microgrid, Zibao Lu, Hao Ding, Fangyun Sun, Ziqiong Ding, Li Gong, Rui Zheng
Research On Energy Coordination Control Strategy In Dc Microgrid, Zibao Lu, Hao Ding, Fangyun Sun, Ziqiong Ding, Li Gong, Rui Zheng
Journal of System Simulation
Aiming of the bus voltage stability and energy flow balance in DC microgrids,a switching control strategy based on the energy balance relationship of DC microgrid is proposed. The bus voltage balance of DC microgrid is transformed into energy balance, and DC microgrid is modeled as a linear switching system with five modes. A controller is designed for each mode to stabilize the bus voltage. To achieve the seamless and smooth switching between modes, on the basis of maintaining the stability of any switching, the corresponding mode switching rules are given based on the energy flow characteristics of microgrid.Theoretical …