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Full-Text Articles in Systems Science

Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun Jan 2019

Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the data of openly published related research papers from 2001 to September 2016, the research progresses on military system analysis and modeling were summarized. The concerning theory and method, research contents, annual developing stage, researchers and institutes, and related journals were analyzed, which contributed to making a knowledge map of the area. A series of challenging issues in the research area was discussed to prompt further research on military system analysis and modeling.


Fractional-Order Memristor Model With Nonlinear Drift Function, Zhaohui Gan, Shiying Zhang, Yuxin Wu Jan 2019

Fractional-Order Memristor Model With Nonlinear Drift Function, Zhaohui Gan, Shiying Zhang, Yuxin Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A memristor is a nonlinear resistor with memory. It is regarded as the fourth basic circuit elements. The fractional order model of memristor is an extension of integer order model for memristor. Some researchers have confirmed the existence of fractional order model for memristor, and the response characteristic of the fractional order model excited by different types of signals is analyzed. Based on the analysis of some existing integer order and fractional order models for memristor, a novel fractional order memristor model with nonlinear drift function is proposed, and the response characteristics of fractional order model for memristor with …


Message Passing Algorithm Through Particles On Factor Graph In Cooperative Positioning Network, Xinyue Fan, Wang Guan, Zhou Fei Jan 2019

Message Passing Algorithm Through Particles On Factor Graph In Cooperative Positioning Network, Xinyue Fan, Wang Guan, Zhou Fei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Combining the sum-product algorithm with the factor graph can achieve cooperative positioning by a distributed manner. The sum-product algorithm is a message passing algorithm. However, the parameter method cannot meet the positioning needs because of the large error in the non-linear non-Gaussian environment. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm to achieve message passing in the form of particle. The calculation of the message in the factor consists of summation and quadrature processes. The proposed method obtains the sum of messages by importance sampling, obtains the product of messages using Gibbs sampling. Particle-based information passing algorithm can simplify the complex …


Model Of Target Assignment In Joint Fire Strike Operations, Chen Hui, Yaping Ma Jan 2019

Model Of Target Assignment In Joint Fire Strike Operations, Chen Hui, Yaping Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The assignment of firepower resources in combination to the target is one of the key problems in planning work of joint fire strike operations. According to the characteristics of joint fire strike target assignment problem, and synthetically considering the factors such as strike sequence, damage grade, threats, cost-effectiveness, damage, a multi-objective optimization model of target assignment problem is established. By combining the MOEA/D and the multi-level co-evolutionary framework, a multi-objective optimization model is proposed to solve the target assignment based on the multi-level cooperative MOEA/D algorithm, and the related genetic evolution mechanism is designed. The simulation …


Adaptive Feedback Elitist Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Rongyu Li, Liang Dong, Guihong Qi Jan 2019

Adaptive Feedback Elitist Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Rongyu Li, Liang Dong, Guihong Qi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Elitist teaching-learning-based optimization (ETLBO) is a novel optimization algorithm based on the practical teaching-learning process of the class. An adaptive feedback elitist teaching-learning-based optimization (AFETLBO) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of low precision and poor stability of the ETLBO. At the end of the learner phase, student can be divided into the top students and the inferior students dynamically by adding the adaptive feedback phase. In this phase, the inferior students should communicate with the teacher and enable themselves to be close to the teacher quickly so as to strengthen the convergence ability. The top students should …


Trajectory Planning And Interactive Simulation Software Design For Flight Vehicle With Specified Terminal Time, Mingwei Sun, Shunjian Ma, Zengqiang Chen, Chaofang Hu Jan 2019

Trajectory Planning And Interactive Simulation Software Design For Flight Vehicle With Specified Terminal Time, Mingwei Sun, Shunjian Ma, Zengqiang Chen, Chaofang Hu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Specified terminal time is a special requirement in some path planning problems. It is difficult to solve in real time with specified time, angle and multiple no-fly zones considered. A practical path model is utilized, and a nonlinear optimization problem with respect to waypoints is reformulated. The requirements on time, angle and obstacle avoidance for original path planning problem are converted into constraints of the proposed optimization after geometrical relationships are identified. The optimization problem is established and met the form of sequential quadratic programming problem which is solved by SNOPT (Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer) package. A computer-aid interactive simulation …


Coalescence Characteristics Of Droplets Containing Surfactants On Topographic Substrates, Xuemin Ye, Yuxi Lin, Lifang Lu, Chunxi Li Jan 2019

Coalescence Characteristics Of Droplets Containing Surfactants On Topographic Substrates, Xuemin Ye, Yuxi Lin, Lifang Lu, Chunxi Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The droplet motion evolution model was established based on the lubrication theory for two identical surfactant-containing droplets on the topographic substrate. The coalescing process of the droplets on topographic substrate was simulated, and the effects of spacing, wave number and base height on the characteristics of coalescing were examined. The results show that the two droplets meet and superimpose each other under the capillary force, and finally form a “new” droplet at tf. The dynamics of droplet over time are divided into five stages; while the surfactant concentration experiences the three stages in a short period; …


Image Classification Based On Sparse Autoencoder And Support Vector Machine, Liu Fang, Lixia Lu, Hongjuan Wang, Wang Xin Jan 2019

Image Classification Based On Sparse Autoencoder And Support Vector Machine, Liu Fang, Lixia Lu, Hongjuan Wang, Wang Xin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A new algorithm of image classification based on the sparse autoencoder and the support vector machine was proposed in view of the drawbacks that the single layer sparse autoencoder for feature learning is easy to lose the deep abstract feature and the features lack the robustness. The deep sparse autoencoder is constructed to learn each image layer and the feature of each layer is automatically extracted. The each feature weights and the reorganized set of feature are obtained according to the feature weighting method. By combining the strong global search ability of genetic algorithm and the excellent performance of …


Parameter Identification Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On Mutation Coral Reef Algorithm, Dinghui Wu, Huang Xu, Yawei Quan, Zhicheng Ji Jan 2019

Parameter Identification Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On Mutation Coral Reef Algorithm, Dinghui Wu, Huang Xu, Yawei Quan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: High accuracy identification of parameters in Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the basis of controller design. According to the drawbacks of slow speed, big error, and small number of parameters in particle swarm optimization (PSO), least square method, and classical coral reefs optimization (CRO), an improved CRO with Cauchy and Gaussian mutation is proposed to solve the parameter identification problem in PMSM. The mathematical model of PMSM in dq coordinate system is established. The Cauchy and Gaussian mutation operator is introduced to CRO. Both of the two versions are applied for identifying parameters in PMSM, and are …


Dynamic Wear Monitoring Based On Stiffness Simulation Of Aircraft Radial Tire, Wang Hui, Kun Xu Jan 2019

Dynamic Wear Monitoring Based On Stiffness Simulation Of Aircraft Radial Tire, Wang Hui, Kun Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: During the wear monitoring for the aircraft tire, the expansion change on the top of tire crown caused inaccuracy for the monitoring results. Considering the aircraft tire cord with high strength, orthogonal anisotropy and tensile deformation, the main three dimensional nonlinear finite element model of B737-800 passenger aircraft radial tire was built using the Yeoh rubber constitutive model and the Rebar stiffener unit in Abaqus software. The problem of static contact between aircraft tire and road was successfully simulated using adaptive Lagrange algorithm. Radial tire stiffness, ground imprinting, main area of friction losses and sinkage were obtained by …


Multi-Objective Optimization Of The Main Circuit And Control Parameters Of The Buck-Boost Matrix Converter, Xiaoping Zhang, Wenhao Song, Hongping Zhu Jan 2019

Multi-Objective Optimization Of The Main Circuit And Control Parameters Of The Buck-Boost Matrix Converter, Xiaoping Zhang, Wenhao Song, Hongping Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The optimization of main circuit parameters and control parameters of the Buck-Boost matrix converter has been investigated. The study takes the main circuit parameters and control parameters as optimization object and takes the harmonic distortion of output voltage, capacitance voltage deviation and inductance current deviation of the converter as optimization target. Firstly, multi-objective optimization satisfaction function is established correspondingly. Meanwhile, the fitness function is built and solved to achieve a set of optimizing parameters based on the fruit fly algorithm, which makes each optimizing target achieve synergistic optimal. Finally, the optimization effect is verified by simulation. The results show …


Stackelberg Game Decision For Lord-Source Associated Day-Ahead Peak Load Regulation, Wenying Liu, Yalong Li, Guo Peng, Anqi Liang, Weizhou Wang Jan 2019

Stackelberg Game Decision For Lord-Source Associated Day-Ahead Peak Load Regulation, Wenying Liu, Yalong Li, Guo Peng, Anqi Liang, Weizhou Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The probability distribution of wind power prediction error is obtained based on direct statistics, and the influence of the error on the day-ahead peak load regulation decision is analyzed. Energy-intensive load and conventional source are combined to improve the system’s dynamic peak load regulation capability. Since the power source and the energy-intensive load belong to different regulation systems and need to be regulated in a non-centralized way, the multi-objective optimization is not suitable and the game theory is adopted. The reliability goal minimizing the risk punishment and the economic goal minimizing the cost of peak load regulation are taken …


Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Pso And Cro Algorithms, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin Jan 2019

Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Pso And Cro Algorithms, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To meet the requirements of the rapidity and the accuracy of the aircraft cabin energy consumption prediction for bridge-load air conditioner when an aircraft berthing, a forecasting method based on the combination of neural network, particle swarm and coral reef is proposed. The energy consumption prediction model is established based on wavelet neural network, and the prediction model parameters are optimized using the united algorithm of coral reefs and particle swarm optimization. The united algorithm adopts a double-layer structure: the data of the first layer are grouped and optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm for a preliminary optimization, …


Gams-Based Active Power Optimization With Reactive Power Compensation, Weiqing Sun, Ye Lei, Yiyun Tu Jan 2019

Gams-Based Active Power Optimization With Reactive Power Compensation, Weiqing Sun, Ye Lei, Yiyun Tu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the safe operation of the electric system, aiming at the problems of large power loss and high generation cost, it is unreasonable to schedule electricity through only one index, so a combined model of economic dispatch with reactive power optimization and a linearized model of unit commitment are proposed. The ideal point method changes multi-objective optimization problem which is combined with the generation cost and power loss into a single objective optimization problem and solved by GAMS. The case analysis for IEEE-39 bus system and a regional transmission network, by adjusting the generator active and reactive power …


Modeling And Analysis For Underwater High-Speed Supercavitaing Torpedo, He Zhen, Aiping Pang, Jinghua Wang, Fanwei Meng, Guangxiong Wang Jan 2019

Modeling And Analysis For Underwater High-Speed Supercavitaing Torpedo, He Zhen, Aiping Pang, Jinghua Wang, Fanwei Meng, Guangxiong Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Supercavitation technology can significantly reduce skin-friction drag of underwater torpedo, and therefore dramatically increase the velocity and attack power of underwater weapons. Because the torpedo is almost entirely enveloped by a supercavity, the hydrodynamic problems of the high-speed supercavitating torpedo (HSST) are complex. The hydrodynamic forces acting on cavitator, fin, and the planing force along the longitude plane of the underwater HSST are analyzed. A benchmark nonlinear dynamics model of supercavitating torpedo is established based on the basic dynamic equations of the longitude plane, and the specific parameters of HSST are calculated. In the longitude plane the motion equation …


Stability Analysis Of Post-Fault Power Angle Based On Relevance Vector Machine, Haiying Li, Zhuocheng Xue Jan 2019

Stability Analysis Of Post-Fault Power Angle Based On Relevance Vector Machine, Haiying Li, Zhuocheng Xue

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Energy interconnection has become a hot topic in the current research.With the large-scale of new energy into the grid, the safe operation of power system is facing new challenges. On line fast stability analysis is one of the effective ways to solve this problem. Traditional power system transient safety analysis method is difficult to adapt to the on-line analysis, and the further development of large data processing and machine learning provides a new way of thinking. The classification model of relevance vector machine (RVM) based on Bayesian framework is used to design a kind of power angle classification strategy. …


Simulation And Analysis Of Atmospheric Effects On Height Deriving From Insar, Xintian Wang, Guowang Jin, Xiong Xin, Hongmin Zhang, Xu Qing Jan 2019

Simulation And Analysis Of Atmospheric Effects On Height Deriving From Insar, Xintian Wang, Guowang Jin, Xiong Xin, Hongmin Zhang, Xu Qing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The atmospheric phase delay caused by tropospheric water vapor (WV) is an important factor to the precision of repeat-pass mode interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). To study the WV effect quantitatively, the regulation of WV effect in repeat-pass InSAR is analyzed and the simulation scheme is designed in which the DEM and WV model is used to simulate InSAR interferogram and WV delay phase, and the derived height is analyzed. The experiment is performed by using systems and baseline parameters of SAR images of Henan;WV effected interferogram is simulated using DEM and vertical layered WV model; and the derived …


Trust Model And Simulation Of E-Commerce Based On Social Networks, Yu Zhen, Zhu Jie, Guicheng Shen Jan 2019

Trust Model And Simulation Of E-Commerce Based On Social Networks, Yu Zhen, Zhu Jie, Guicheng Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the current e-commerce industry, users need to check for the historical evaluation of the commodity before buying goods mostly, but false recommendations and massive redundancy recommendation problem which widely exists at present seriously affect the effectiveness and accuracy of users’ obtaining recommendations. For getting trust in e-commerce transactions, an e-commerce trust model SNTrust based on social networks is proposed. In SNTrust model, each user maintains a trusted social network set; a topological structure of the user information diffusion in the social network is described in the model, and the recommendation node trust is introduced to measure its credibility, …


Quadrotor Attitude Control Based On An Improved Adrc, Wang Biao, Chaoying Tang, Daqing Kong Jan 2019

Quadrotor Attitude Control Based On An Improved Adrc, Wang Biao, Chaoying Tang, Daqing Kong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An improved attitude control scheme for the quadrotor is proposed based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The attitude dynamics of the quadrotor is modelled and analysed. The influence of actuator characteristics is discussed to establish an extended state observer (ESO). Based on it, the ESO is compensated by the delay unit and its discrete state equations are given. Nonlinear function of previous studies is used to construct nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF). The simulation results show that the ESO with compensation of the delay unit gets better estimation of disturbance and compensates to disturbance better than the ESO …


Research On Concession Period Performance Of Highway Ppp Project Based On Pavement Maintenance, Zhang Hong, Rongbei Zheng, Wenshan Qiao Jan 2019

Research On Concession Period Performance Of Highway Ppp Project Based On Pavement Maintenance, Zhang Hong, Rongbei Zheng, Wenshan Qiao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: There are long-term dynamic and interactive relationships among highway pavement performance, user satisfaction, maintenance costs and profits, government satisfaction and related decisions in the life cycle pavement maintenance. Based on analyses of dynamic impacts and complexity of stakeholders’ behaviors around the highway pavement maintenance, a system dynamics (SD) model of the concession period performance for the highway public-private-partnership (PPP) project is established. Based on simulation experimental analysis of an example, validation and application of the proposed SD model are illustrated. Through sensitivity analysis, the influences of different stakeholders such as government, private investors, and users on the concession …


Simulation And Experimental Verification Of Grinding Force Based On Different Directions Of Ultrasonic Vibration, Wang Yan, Qin Chen, Jianguo Liu, Shuiping Peng, Delin Li Jan 2019

Simulation And Experimental Verification Of Grinding Force Based On Different Directions Of Ultrasonic Vibration, Wang Yan, Qin Chen, Jianguo Liu, Shuiping Peng, Delin Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The method based on variable angle of ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding was put forward to identify the relationship between direction of ultrasonic vibration and grinding force. The trajectory of grit in contact zone was analyzed. The stress field of contact zone and the grinding force, which were based on the different directions of ultrasonic vibration, were simulated and analyzed by Deform-3D. A series of grinding experiments of GCr15 were conducted. It demonstrates that with the angle α increasing, the grinding force firstly decreased and then increased. The experiment results showed that the error of normal force is 5.23% and …


Block-Based Evolutionary Algorithm For Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem, Xiaobing Pei, Zhao Heng Jan 2019

Block-Based Evolutionary Algorithm For Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem, Xiaobing Pei, Zhao Heng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the permutation flow-shop scheduling problem(PFSP), an effective new global evolutionary algorithm based on block model is developed. The probability model is built based on the information of job position through sample and statistic on the good chromosomes, and the association rule is applied to extract continuous or discontinuous blocks which contain job information respectively. The superiority blocks with position probability model for artificial chromosome combinations are integrated. The disadvantage gene is excavated according to the inferior chromosome and used for the later mutation operation. Two efficient local search methods called position model-based interchange and NEH-based insertion are …


Air Admission Feature And Discharge Coefficient Of Fixed Conical Valve, Chengbiao Tong, Zhixiong Zhou, Qiuxia Yan Jan 2019

Air Admission Feature And Discharge Coefficient Of Fixed Conical Valve, Chengbiao Tong, Zhixiong Zhou, Qiuxia Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The complicated flow pattern is existent in fixed conical valve. When the high speed jet flowing near the diversion cone injects the sudden enlargement area, the severe vortex and evident negative pressure are generated. To reduce or eliminate the negative pressure area, the admission pipe should be installed. For clarifying the air admission and flow rule beyond air admission, a calculation mathematical model is built, the basic law of negative pressure generation and air admission is obtained; CFD is adopted to certify that the admission pipe is efficient to restrain the negative pressure; under air admission condition, the two-phase …


Simulation And Verification Of Feasibility For The Torsional Vibration System Test Scheme, Yin Meng, He Yun, Zhigang Xu, Shixuan Zhang Jan 2019

Simulation And Verification Of Feasibility For The Torsional Vibration System Test Scheme, Yin Meng, He Yun, Zhigang Xu, Shixuan Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To test the loading accuracy of the directional device for the experiment system, a test scheme of torsional vibration system is proposed. To verify the feasibility for assessing the loading accuracy through the test scheme, a dynamics and control system model is established and simulated in the condition of ignoring torsion bar flexibility and friction; an Adams model is established and simulated in consideration of the torsion bar flexibility and friction. Both simulation results are obtained and analyzed. When the load torque amplitude reaches 30Nm, the disturbance torques under a certain frequency are all below 2Nm, which meets …


In-Cylinder Process Simulation Of Swashplate Revoloving Cylinder Piston Engine Based On Fluid-Structure Interaction, Li Xin, Chengshi Yang, Peng Bo Jan 2019

In-Cylinder Process Simulation Of Swashplate Revoloving Cylinder Piston Engine Based On Fluid-Structure Interaction, Li Xin, Chengshi Yang, Peng Bo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Using dynamic mesh technology, In-cylinder working process of the engine is detailedly designed in this article regarding the new swashplate revolving cylinder piston engine. We establish the numeral simulation model of the engine working process based on fluid-structure interaction, the pressure and temperature distribution of the In-cylinder gas in the six thermal process is obtained, and the temperature distribution of the hot end components is presented. The results show that the working process of the engine is reasonably organized. The biggest thermal load appears in the intake flow process. The wall temperature of the gas side is lower …


Numerical Simulation Of Thermal Properties Of Active Phased Array Antenna, Wang Yong, Ting Lu, Longwen Wu, Changwu Xiong, Weng Xia, Ping'an Du Jan 2019

Numerical Simulation Of Thermal Properties Of Active Phased Array Antenna, Wang Yong, Ting Lu, Longwen Wu, Changwu Xiong, Weng Xia, Ping'an Du

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The grid priority modeling and multi-level meshing techniques are applied to analyze the thermal properties of the active phased array antenna with the micro/mini channels cooling method for simplifying modeling process, reducing the mesh quantity and saving the cost of computation effectively. The multi-level meshing technique can refine the mesh near the boundary of the complex components significantly without changing the mesh quantity in the model, which improves the mesh’s quality obviously. Through the thermal simulation and experiment measurement of the antenna, the temperature and pressure field are obtained. It is proved that the addressed approach can …


Abnormal Behavior Detection Via Super-Pixels Time Context Feature, Chen Ying, Dandan He Jan 2019

Abnormal Behavior Detection Via Super-Pixels Time Context Feature, Chen Ying, Dandan He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to accurately locate the abnormal behavior, an anomaly detection method based on time context features of super-pixels is proposed. For feature representation, the video frames are firstly segmented into super-pixels. The super-pixels of foreground are then selected according to their pixel ratios of foreground. Super-pixels matching adjacent frames are selected based on the gray-level histogram and the information of location to enhance the temporal context of super-pixel features. The statical value of multilayer histogram of optical flow of matched super-pixels are taken as the feature for detection. In the phase of detection, the sparse combination learning algorithm …


An Anti-Occlusion Adaptive Particle Filtering Algorithm, Li Ju, Mingwei Cao, Yu Ye, Xia Yu, Lifan Zhou Jan 2019

An Anti-Occlusion Adaptive Particle Filtering Algorithm, Li Ju, Mingwei Cao, Yu Ye, Xia Yu, Lifan Zhou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the influence of local occlusion on particle filter tracking algorithm, an anti occlusion adaptive particle filtering algorithm is proposed. It adopts a rectangle as the tracking window, and uses the K mean clustering algorithm to complete particle clustering in resampling, and then obtains the particle subgroup. It estimates the final state according to particles subgroups, and modifies the tracking window. When the area changes more than 5%, the tracking window maintains the same as the one in last frame. Otherwise, the tracking window will change according to the size of moving object, which is a self-adaptation process. At …


Review Of 3d Facial Expression Acquisition And Modeling Technology, Wang Shan, Xukun Shen, Qinping Zhao Jan 2019

Review Of 3d Facial Expression Acquisition And Modeling Technology, Wang Shan, Xukun Shen, Qinping Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Face is an important biological feature of human. High-fidelity 3D face construction is widely applied and has attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. Now the mature 3D model acquisition still depends on the expensive hardware and controlled lighting environment in the lab. However, academic focus has gradually transformed to researches based on daily living environment and low cost equipment. According to the source of input data, the existing works are divided into two categories: works under controlled environment and uncontrolled environment. Methods are summarized and classified based on the categories. Existing problems and future research directions …


Interactive Modelling On Smooth Weighted Distance Surface In Hmd Vr Environment, Xiaoqiang Zhu, Hongyi Pan, Xu Hao, Song Lei, Mengyao Zhu, Xiangyang Wang Jan 2019

Interactive Modelling On Smooth Weighted Distance Surface In Hmd Vr Environment, Xiaoqiang Zhu, Hongyi Pan, Xu Hao, Song Lei, Mengyao Zhu, Xiangyang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An interactive modelling scheme in immersive VR environment is proposed, in which the point, line and polygon skeletons are inputted by handles of HMD (Head-Mounted Device). Weighted distance field is calculated in parallel with CUDA on GPU according to the varying radii, and then the iso-surface is extracted using paralleled marching cubes. In order to avoid the non-smoothness at interactions between different distance surface components, weighted filtering kernels are utilized to smooth the skeleton-based distance field with various radii in our modelling system, so that smooth blending model is produced from multi-component distance fields. In our system, …