Risk Analysis Commons^™

Environmental Impact Of Wetland Resources Utilization In Simuyu Basin, Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

There is a growing appreciation of the natural functions of wetlands, and the values and different forms of uses that humans attach to them. Wise use and special conservation strategies are therefore needed in order to sustain their productivity. Wetlands are one of the most fruitful areas of archaeological research, and they are the ideal setting in which to study the interactions between physical processes and human actions that encapsulate and exemplify many of the themes of man's impact on his environment. But all these beneficial functions of wetlands seem to be in danger of being lost to draining and …

Analysis Of Per Capita Expenditures Of Suburbanizing Communities In Maine, New England Environmental Finance Center

Economics and Finance

This study analyzes per capita expenditure trends among selected fast-growing Maine towns from 1970-2004. The ten communities studied are termed as “suburbanizing” towns. This term is used to describe towns that over the past 30-40 years have been in the process of transition from rural to suburban – in terms of their population and housing densities, their forms of government, and the services they provide, as well as other characteristics.1 Such towns are of particular interest because they have been absorbing a healthy percentage of the state’s population growth during this time period, often at the expense of Maine’s service …

Quality Of Common Salt In The Tanzanian Market, Kamwanya E

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The quality of edible salts in the Tanzanian market has been studied by comparing the levels of iodine, heavy metals, and non-metals. Among the 19 analyzed local salt samples, only two of them—Kipepeo salt (76.67 mg/kg) and Super salt (79.95 mg/kg)—met the recommended level of iodine as per TBS (Tanzania Bureau of Standards) specifications. Other brands have iodine levels below the TBS specification.

Earth Building In Tanzania - Use Of Soil Stabilized Bricks And Blocks, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper presents experimental results of investigations done on the use of stabilized earth (soil) for the manufacture of bricks and blocks. The soil used was clayey sand of low plasticity. Two types of stabilizers were used to make stabilized bricks and these were cement and a combination of cement and lime. Different stabilizer proportions were employed. Results of tests carried on these bricks at 28 days indicate an optimum mix proportion of 7% cement if cement is used alone and an optimum mix proportion of 5% each if a combination of lime and cement is used as a stabilizer. …

Cement Oonded Wood Wool Board As A Building Material For Low Cost Housing, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper gives results of a preliminary study on the properties of cement bonded wood-wool boards manufactured as composites by using wood-wool (excelsior) from podocarpus spp wood species and ordinary Portland cement. Two main parameters were varied during the investigation and these were the width of the wood-wool and the cement to wood-wool ratio. Results show that the optimum mix proportion is three parts of cement to two parts of wood-wool by weight and that a smaller excelsior width gives higher board strengths. The results from tests on flexural strength, compressive strength and tensile strength far exceeded the requirements of …

Low Cost Slab Manufactured From Masonry Slab Elements, John Makunza

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The construction of bungalow houses requires sufficient space to accommodate all the requirements as per the client’s wish. The idea of low-rise or high rise buildings is very remote for most of the people due to the high costs of construction involved. Much of the said cost is due to the concrete floor slab as it consumes a bigger portion of concrete material when compared to beams and columns. In this paper, a study presented is on a new form of voided slab constructed from masonry slab elements that do not utilize formwork and consumes less concrete material. The slab …

Hydrographic Aspect Of Chole Bay, Mafia Island, Alfonse Dubi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Mafia has been a port on the monsoon trade routes from the Arabia to Sofala for almost 2000 years. The Island has not changed significantly since ancient times and retains a traditional culture of fishing and subsistence agriculture. By 1991, development of tourism on the Island seemed very slow. Factors limiting the number of visitors include lack of adequate travel connections between the island and the mainland, and inadequate and poor hotel services. Currently, accessibility to Mafia Island has improved. Mafia Island can now be reached by air in addition to the traditional sea travel. However, the Island does not …

Assessment Of The Accuracy Of Approximate Methods In The Analysis Of Plane Frame Structures, I Rubaratuka

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

pproximaic methods of analysis are widely used in the analysis OJ' frames for preliminary design due to their simplicily as compared to exact analysis meth o ds Ough they a re nol as accurate. In this paper. the methods Of hinges and portal frame are described and have been used to analyze a statically indeterminate frame by taking inro account the bending stiffness of the frame members. The obtained results are comparable Io the magnitudes of forces determined by exact methods Of analysis.

Review Of The Product Development Process And Information Flow In The Manufacturing Industry: Problems And A Possible Wav Forward, E Opiyo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

No abstract provided.

Introduction Of Seismic Resistance Features In The Construction Of Buildings In Tanzania, I Rubaratuka

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Available dara indicates that a greater part of Tanzania lies within a seismic region. to date most Of the buildings in the country have been designed and constructed without considering seismic loads. In addition no design codes have been developed to guide the seismic design for buildings and other related structures in Tanzania. This paper outlines the basic design concepts, which are useful during the design of seismic resistant buildings before the seismic design code is developed and adopted in Tanzania.

Importance Of Structural Fire Protection In Reinforced Concrete Buildings: A Case Study Of Ex-Nasaco Building In Dar Es Salaam, I Rubaratuka

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Reinforced concrete is concrete that is internally reinforced with steel bars or mesh. This gives rhe malerial the compressive strength of concrete along wilh the tensile strength Of steel. Reinforced concrete does not perform well under fire conditions as it spalls and loses strength. Heating Causes a failure Of the bond between concrele and sleels bars and this results in reduction of strength of concrele. Strength of concrete decreases With increase in temperature and increase With time. In order to provide fire resistance to structural components/elements in buildings, it is important Io consider the type of aggregates to be used. …

Evaluation Of Long-Shore Sediment Transport On The Kunduchi Beach Tidal Flat, Dar Es Salaam, Alfonse Dubi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Kunduchi Beach is located approximately IO kilometres north Of Dar es Salaam City on the coasl of Mainland Tanzania. Currents and sediment concentrations were measured using a multi-sensor self-recording current meter. Waves Were measured using pressure gauges. Some physical features were visually measured. The general orientation of the shoreline is 330 degrees and the tidal flat is characterised by ripples. A1 aboul 150 m from the shoreline, ripples are 7-9 cm high and their wavelength is about 40 cm. Closer to the beach, ripple orientation is 350 degrees: ripple height is 5 cm and ripple wave length is 5 cm. …

Efeci's In Reinforced Concrete Due To Environmental Conditions, And Concrete Treatment: A Case Study At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, I Rubaratuka

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Concrete is produced by mixing together cement, water and aggregates (i. e. sand and coarse aggregates) in specified proportions, It can do well with compressive forces but it is very weak under tensile forces. TO Overcome this problem, steel reinforcement are normally added to produce reinforced concrete which can also withstand tensile forces Experience shows that environmental conditions may have a negative impact On the durability of reinforced concrete structures resulting in development of defects if not properly assessed and appropriate measures adopted to arrest the same at the design and construction stages. The severity of damages for the investigated …

Some Aspects Of Erosive Waves At Kunduchi Beach, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Alfonse Dubi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The area north of the Dar es Salaam City is endowed with beautiful sandy beaches and high concentration or tourist beach hotels that are threatened by coastal erosion. In order to protect the buildings and land, coastal erosion must be controlled by mitigation options that are based on scientific data, wave and current climate along the East African region are generally controlled by the seasonal monsoon winds. During the north-east monsoon period when Winds blow from the Northeast, the wind-generated waves approach the coast from the northerly direction and produce long-shore Currents With a southerly component. During the southerly monsoon …

Stress Conditions In The Kilombero Rift, Central Tanzania, A Mruma

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The ancient and current Stress conditions at the northwestern flank of the Kilombero Rift are assessed in this paper. Neoproterozoic Stresses in the area were associated With 3200/200 trending principal axis of straining in the rocks. Ihis deformation imparted Precambrian ductile gneissic and concordant mineral foliation with attitude Of 0200/3$WNW, 3200/200 trending b•minerai lineation and isoclinal folds With axes trending parallel to the mineral lineation.phanerozoie deformations are mainly of pennvrriasic and Cenozoic periods. Both Of the two episodes Of deformation had constant orientation of princi axes of stresses with trending 0600/020, 02 trending 1600/800 and trending 33 1100. Stress conditions …

Application Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Arton Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Art, Silas Kajuna

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Vibration is one of the techniques employed in the determination of dynamic properties of fruits and vegetables. It entails generation of a mechanical or acoustic vibrational signal which is propagated through the flesh of the agricultural material. A transducer is either attached or held close to the specimen to monitor the propagation of the signal through the specimen. The manner in which the signal is transmitted through the material is analyzed, and the dynamic properties of the specimen which relate to its firmness or its internal being are derived. The technique has been around for the past 30 years or …

Comparison Of One-Dimensional And Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modeling Approaches For Red River Basin, Sajjad Ahmad, Slobodan P. Simonovic

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A devastating flood in Red River valley in 1997 emphasized the need to study the flood control measures in the Red River basin using state of the art modeling tools. The Red River and its floodplains can be modeled using one-dimensional, quasi two-dimensional or fully two-dimensional hydrodynamic models. Each modeling approach has its own advantages and limitations. The main purpose of this report is a comparison between one-dimensional (or quasi two dimensional) and fully two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling approaches for modeling floods in the Red River basin.

A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, MIKE 21, coupled with Geographic Information System (GIS) …

A Risk Analysis Of Remediation Technologies For A Doe Facility, Helene A. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

The Department of Energy is responsible for selecting a remediation technology to clean up the Waste Area Group (WAG) 6 site at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) in Kentucky. WAG 6 is contaminated with an uncertain amount of trichloroethylene (TCE) and technetium-99 (Tc-99). Selecting a remediation technology involves a certain degree of risk because many of these technologies are new or proven only for a specific type of contaminant or a particular set of site conditions. Differences between contaminant type and site conditions are enough to make the performance of a remediation technology uncertain. This research identifies the technological …

Development Of A Cost-Effectiveness Methodology To Prioritize Environmental Mitigation Projects, Robert E. Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

A cost-effectiveness prioritization methodology was developed using concepts from the cost-effectiveness technique. The new methodology called the Cost-Effectiveness methodology (CEM) allows the prioritization of mitigation projects across broad categories of hazardous sites as would be ranked among the offices of the Environmental Protection Agency. Two performance criteria were incorporated into the process--rank projects that save the most lives per dollar and enhance general applicability across different categories of risk. A metric was developed that represents the ratio of lives saved per dollar spent on mitigation alternatives of contaminated environmental sites. This metric was incorporated into the CEM to distinguish mitigation …

Risk Reduction As A Criterion For Measuring Progress Of The Installation Restoration Program, Scott Edwards Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

To properly manage the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in the future, the Air Force (AF) needs a method to assess progress based on improvements in environmental conditions. An integral part of evaluating progress toward protecting human health and the environment is the assessment of risk reduction as a result of cleanup actions. The AF currently uses the Defense Priority Model (DPM) to assist in setting priorities for funding remedial actions at IRP sites. The DPM provides a numerical score for IRP sites representing the relative potential risk based on the environmental conditions at a site before remedial actions are taken. …

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation Of Its Environmental Consequences To The Resources Of The State Of Maine, Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences

Maine Collection

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation of Its Environmental Consequences to the Resources of the State of Maine

A Report to the Maine State Planning Office by the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, April, 1984.

"Technical Report No. 35 - Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine - A Division of Northeastern Research Foundation, Inc."

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methods / Physical and Biological Consequences / Socio-Economic Consequences / Research Needs / Bibliography / Appendix I. Written Comments on Greenberg Model