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Air Force Institute of Technology

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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1238

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

A Cercla-Based Decision Support System For Environmental Remediation Strategy Selection, Brian J. Grelk Mar 1997

A Cercla-Based Decision Support System For Environmental Remediation Strategy Selection, Brian J. Grelk

Theses and Dissertations

The Idaho National Environmental Engineering Laboratory (INEEL), operating in conjunction with the Department of Energy (DOE), faces with the complex decision of selecting an environmental remediation strategy for the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) of the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC). This research uses value-focused thinking and multiattribute preference theory techniques to produce a decision analysis model to aid the decisionmakers as they select a remediation strategy. A deterministic analysis using expert opinion and the best available engineering data demonstrates the model's capabilities. The model ranks 27 specific remediation strategies based on how well they meet CERCLA's five balancing criteria: implementability, …

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Optimizing Airborne Area Surveillance Asset Placement, Douglas E. Fuller Feb 1997

Optimizing Airborne Area Surveillance Asset Placement, Douglas E. Fuller

Theses and Dissertations

Currently there is no automated planning tool for the optimum positioning of USAF area surveillance assets for a theater level campaign. This research seeks to find the optimum or near optimum placement of the limited USAF airborne surveillance assets against a theater level target set. The problem of finding the optimum orbit points can be modeled as a classic maximal covering location problem (MCLP). Operational constraints on the placement of surveillance aircraft can be handled by preprocessing the potential orbit points to eliminate infeasible orbit points. Heavy emphasis is placed on preprocessing the data to reduce problem size and hence …

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Experiments In Aggregating Air Ordnance Effectiveness Data For The Tacwar Model, James E. Parker Feb 1997

Experiments In Aggregating Air Ordnance Effectiveness Data For The Tacwar Model, James E. Parker

Theses and Dissertations

An interactive MS Access&trademark; based application that aggregates the output of the SABSEL model for input into the TACWAR model is developed. The application was developed following efforts to create a functional approximation of the SABSEL data using neural networks, statistical networks, and traditional statistical techniques. These approximations were compared to a look-up table methodology on the basis of accuracy, (RMSE

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Sensitivity Of Availability Estimates To Input Data Characterization, Darren P. Durkee Feb 1997

Sensitivity Of Availability Estimates To Input Data Characterization, Darren P. Durkee

Theses and Dissertations

Reliability analysts are often faced with the challenge of characterizing the behavior of system components based on limited data. Any insight into which model input data is most significant and how much data is necessary to achieve desired accuracy requirements will improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the data collection and data characterization processes. This thesis assesses potential significant factors in the probabilistic characterization of component failure and repair behavior with respect to the effect on system availability estimates. Potential factors were screened for significance utilizing fractional. factorial and Plackett-Burman experimental designs for several system models developed using an …

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Applying Tabu Heuristic To Wind Influenced, Minimum Risk And Maximum Expected Coverage Routes, Mark R. Sisson Feb 1997

Applying Tabu Heuristic To Wind Influenced, Minimum Risk And Maximum Expected Coverage Routes, Mark R. Sisson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to provide Air Combat Command a method for determining the number of predator unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) required to cover a pre-selected target. Extending previous research that employs reactive TABU search methods for deterministic vehicle routing problems, this thesis incorporates wind effects that can significantly alter the travel times for any given scenario. Additionally, it accounts for possible attrition by introducing minimum risk route and expected number of target covered to the objective function. The results of the TABU search and subsequent Monte-Carlo simulation: gives the number of predator's required to cover a target …

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A Cost Impact Assessment Tool For Pfs Logistics Consulting, Angela P. Giddings Feb 1997

A Cost Impact Assessment Tool For Pfs Logistics Consulting, Angela P. Giddings

Theses and Dissertations

Response surface methodology (RSM) is used for optimality analysis of the cost parameters in mixed integer linear programming. This optimality analysis goes beyond traditional sensitivity and parametric analysis in allowing investigation of the optimal objective function value response over pre-specified ranges on multiple problem parameters. Design of experiments and least squares regression are used to indicate which cost parameters have the greatest impact on the optimal objective function value total cost-and to approximate the optimal total cost surface over the specified ranges on the parameters. The mixed integer linear programming problems of interest are the large-scale problems in supply chain …

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Digital Rosetta Stone: A Conceptual Model For Maintaining Long-Term Access To Digital Documents, Steven B. Robertson Dec 1996

Digital Rosetta Stone: A Conceptual Model For Maintaining Long-Term Access To Digital Documents, Steven B. Robertson

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the rapid evolution of technology, future digital systems may not be able to read and/or interpret the digital recordings made by older systems, even if those recordings are still in good condition. This thesis addresses the problem of maintaining long-term access to digital documents and provides a methodology for overcoming access difficulties due to technological obsolescence. A review was conducted to determine the long-term access methods that have already been suggested by other researchers. These previously suggested methods are then combined with other ideas that were encountered and conceived while performing research for this project. The combination of …

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A Decision Support Model For Municipal Solid Waste Recycling At United States Air Force Installations, Gergory A. Williams Dec 1996

A Decision Support Model For Municipal Solid Waste Recycling At United States Air Force Installations, Gergory A. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force requires each installation to operate a municipal solid waste recycling program. Two inherently conflicting objectives, waste material diversion and financial result, have been established for the program. Reducing landfill disposal is the primary objective, but the incentive for profit is strong because each installation can retain profits from the program. Installations can be divided into two distinct areas, commercial and residential, based on the waste stream composition and funding. Structuring of the recycling program is often done in an ad-hoc manner. A decision support model was developed to evaluate four methods for each area. The …

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Determining The Optimum Strategy Of Techniques From The Municipal Solid Waste Management Hierarchy To Maximize Social Value, Camille M. Still Dec 1996

Determining The Optimum Strategy Of Techniques From The Municipal Solid Waste Management Hierarchy To Maximize Social Value, Camille M. Still

Theses and Dissertations

Environmental managers must make difficult decisions regarding how to manage solid waste generation and disposal. The primary waste management alternatives are source reduction, recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling often, waste management policies are based entirely on technical considerations and ignore that actual disposal practices depend on individuals' attitudes and behaviors. This research formulated a decision analysis model that incorporates social value measures to determine the waste management strategy that maximizes the individuals' willingness to participate. The social values that are important and that were considered in the decision support model to assist with making decisions about solid waste management were …

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Independent Verification And Validation Of The Hazardous Material Cost Trade-Off Analysis Tool Developed By The Human Systems Center At Brooks Air Force Base, Thomas S. Choi Dec 1996

Independent Verification And Validation Of The Hazardous Material Cost Trade-Off Analysis Tool Developed By The Human Systems Center At Brooks Air Force Base, Thomas S. Choi

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force realizes that the life cycle cost (LCC) associated with hazardous materials is a significant cost in the acquisition of major weapon systems. In trying to mitigate the growth of environmental LCC for future weapon systems, the Air Force has developed a tool called the Hazardous Material Cost Trade-off Analysis Tool (HAZMAT CTAT). The HAZMAT CTAT estimates the LCC for weapon system hazardous materials, so that intelligent decisions can be made in the early stages of the acquisition process. The problem with implementing this program into the acquisition process is that an independent computer model evaluation has never …

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Reaction Based Grasp Force Assignment, Mark W. Hunter Jul 1996

Reaction Based Grasp Force Assignment, Mark W. Hunter

Theses and Dissertations

An iterative method is developed by which the contact forces required to apply an arbitrary wrench (six elements of force and moment) to a stably grasped object may be calculated quickly. The assignment of contact forces, given a required object wrench, is accomplished with the use of fuzzy logic. This concept is referred to as the fuzzy logic reactive system (FLRS). The solution is versatile with respect to goals inherent in the rulebase and the input parameters, and is also applicable for an arbitrary number of contacts. The goal presented in this research, to illustrate the concept of the FLRS, …

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An Investigation Of Learning Curves And Their Use In Simulation, Jennie H. Lommel Apr 1996

An Investigation Of Learning Curves And Their Use In Simulation, Jennie H. Lommel

Theses and Dissertations

In 1995, the C-17 Factory Simulation Model (FSM) was developed to enable analysts to address 'what-if' questions about the resources required to build future aircraft, and is based on learning curve models that are used to both portray and simulate future aircraft production. In this thesis, we examine and develop alternate learning curve models that also utilize a small amount of initial production data to portray the relationship between the number of aircraft built and the resources required to build them. The goal is to identify a model which not only provides a good fit and forecast based on a …

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A Methodology To Assess The Air Force Materiel Command's Exercise Support Program's Weighting Scheme, Gilbert D. Ness Mar 1996

A Methodology To Assess The Air Force Materiel Command's Exercise Support Program's Weighting Scheme, Gilbert D. Ness

Theses and Dissertations

This research performs analysis on the Air Force Materiel Command's Exercise Support Program's Weighting Scheme so that decision makers can create a more efficient and effective Resource Allocation - Integrated Process Team (RA-IPT) manpower allocation process. A linear programming (LP) model was derived from the Exercise Support Program (ESP) to assign manpower reductions throughout the Mission Element Board (MEB) organizational level in AFMC. Parametric analysis was performed on the LP model by simultaneously changing multiple objective function coefficients with the use of various direction vectors. These direction vectors were applied with the use of an incrementally increasing scalar step size …

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A Response Surface Methodology Approach To Groundwater Model Calibration, Jeffrey B. Rowland Mar 1996

A Response Surface Methodology Approach To Groundwater Model Calibration, Jeffrey B. Rowland

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examined the effect of parameter bounding, a reduced data set, and data enrichment techniques on a response surface methodology (RSM) approach to groundwater model calibration. The four phases of the study included a calibration using a very dense data matrix, a calibration using a sparse calibration matrix, an evaluation of several data enrichment techniques, and a calibration using a data matrix enlarged with the use of the best enrichment technique. All calibrations were conducted using only a first order approximation to the response surface and with bounds placed on the input parameters. The first two calibrations using the …

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Development Of A Decision Support System For The Department Of Energy's Selection Of Waste Site Remediation Technologies, Brian E. Ralston Mar 1996

Development Of A Decision Support System For The Department Of Energy's Selection Of Waste Site Remediation Technologies, Brian E. Ralston

Theses and Dissertations

The Department of Energy is faced with the complex decision of selecting technologies for waste site remediation. This research focused on developing a decision support system to aid the decision maker in selecting the best strategy of remediation technologies. A decision analysis model was developed which incorporates life cycle cost data, risk information, and user input, to analyze the technology choices. The research outlined the use of multiple attribute utility theory using exponential attribute utility functions with a simple additive objective function. The best available data was used to demonstrate the capabilities of the model. The model provides the decision …

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The Effects Of Changing Force Structure On Thunder Output, Michael R. Farmer Mar 1996

The Effects Of Changing Force Structure On Thunder Output, Michael R. Farmer

Theses and Dissertations

In today's reduction of America's national defense, campaign level models are being used more in the development of force structure. The effects of drawdown are of significant interest to those at the highest levels of authority. Campaign models can bring those high ranking officials the answers they seek with high confidence. THUNDER is a campaign model used frequently by the United States Air Force and many of its contractors. The effects of changing the force structure within THUNDER require modifying variables before executing a new experimental run. Changes in such issues as force structure cannot be immediately addressed. Response Surface …

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Optimization Analysis For Design And Planning Of Multi-Project Programs, Victor D. Wiley Mar 1996

Optimization Analysis For Design And Planning Of Multi-Project Programs, Victor D. Wiley

Theses and Dissertations

Program Management concerns the long-term planning, coordination, and control of major technological, engineering, scientific, and/or developmental activities. In general, programs tend to be exceptionally large, consisting of several parallel or sequential projects or groups of projects. While many of the approaches developed for projects have been used in program management, there are critical differences between programs and projects. A key difference is the magnitude of programs, both in program duration and number of tasks to be coordinated. In addition, project parameters are driven by program decisions. While a large number of modeling efforts have focused at the project level, very …

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International Space Station Traffic Modeling And Simulation, Jillene B. Rylaarsdam Mar 1996

International Space Station Traffic Modeling And Simulation, Jillene B. Rylaarsdam

Theses and Dissertations

In an effort to provide NASA with an alternative perspective and some insights to the operational planning of the International Space Station (ISS), this research developed a simulation environment for the ISS and devised a method to evaluate various altitude strategies. The simulation environment allowed us to incorporate the natural random behaviors which affect the lifetime of objects in low earth orbit. We created prototype models of the operational planning process to analyze current altitude strategy approaches and acquire new strategies from insights observed. In addition, by extrapolating random future solar activity values from the interpolation of historical data, we …

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Modeling Mobility Engineering In A Theater Level Combat Model, Brian K. Hobson Mar 1996

Modeling Mobility Engineering In A Theater Level Combat Model, Brian K. Hobson

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes the development of a methodology to model theater-level mobility engineering assets in the Joint Staff's Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) and to quantify the joint and Army doctrine that guides the task organization of engineers for combat and which quantifies engineer mobility effects in combat. The methodology incorporates theater-level mobility engineering assets into the JWAEP by using Mission, Enemy, Troops available, Terrain, and Time (MET-T principles which reflect joint and Army doctrine, and combines them with the existing basic concepts in other theater-level models. Additional aspects of the problem include determining the manmade and natural obstacles' …

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Surveillance Plan For Monitoring The Shelf-Life Of Chemical Defense Coveralls, Robert E. Neher Jr. Mar 1996

Surveillance Plan For Monitoring The Shelf-Life Of Chemical Defense Coveralls, Robert E. Neher Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis found a surveillance plan to be used to monitor the shelf-life of the Air Force's chemical defense coveralls. The sampling tests are destructive and the objective was to find a surveillance plan that would minimize the number of suits sampled yet provide enough information to accurately determine if the chemical defense coveralls had degraded past a minimum acceptable level. Six sampling plans were developed and analyzed. The sampling plans included the Air Force's original fixed sampling plan, several variations of sequential sampling plans, a Bayesian sampling plan, and an ad hoc pre-posturing plan. Each of the sampling plans …

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Modeling Space In The Air Force Command Exercise System (Aces), Robert Payne Jr. Mar 1996

Modeling Space In The Air Force Command Exercise System (Aces), Robert Payne Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

In response to the increased influence of space forces on today's battlefield, several theater level models were analyzed for the presentation of space forces. These models were the Extended Air Defense Simulation (EADSIM), the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS), the Integrated Theater Engagement Model (ITEM), the Tactical Warfare Model (TACWAR), Thunder, Janus, and the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP). While ALSP is not a model but a simulation protocol connecting various models, it was studied because it appears to be the future of modeling. The consensus of the analysis was that space forces are virtually ignored by most of the …

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Replicative Use Of An External Model In Simulation Variance Reduction, Thomas H. Irish Mar 1996

Replicative Use Of An External Model In Simulation Variance Reduction, Thomas H. Irish

Theses and Dissertations

The use of control variates is a well-known variance reduction technique for discrete event simulation experiments. Currently, internal control variates are used almost exclusively by practitioners and researchers when using control variates. The primary objective of this study is to explore the variance reduction achieved by the replicative use of an external, analytical model to generate control variates. Performance for the analytical control variates is compared to the performance of typical internal and external control variates for both an open and a closed queueing network. Performance measures used are confidence interval width reduction, realized coverage, and estimated Mean Square Error. …

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Applying Response Surface Methodology To Readiness-Based Leveling Of Reparable Items, Todd E. May Mar 1996

Applying Response Surface Methodology To Readiness-Based Leveling Of Reparable Items, Todd E. May

Theses and Dissertations

Reparable items play a large role in determining the readiness of United States Air Force weapon systems. Many factors characterizing flying tempo and item repair and transit time influence the level of fleet readiness. Readiness-Based Leveling (RBL) considers these factors as it seeks to maximize aircraft readiness as it allocates spare reparable items between bases and a depot. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the validity of using response surface methodology (RSM) within the context of RBL in an effort to quantify the influences these factors have on aircraft readiness. RSM applied designed experiments and least squares regressions …

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Statistical Process Control In Medical Surveillance. An Application Using Spirometry, Paul W. Mcaree Mar 1996

Statistical Process Control In Medical Surveillance. An Application Using Spirometry, Paul W. Mcaree

Theses and Dissertations

This research effort concentrated on applying statistical process control techniques to the results of seven years worth of spirometry exams of workers at Wright-Patterson AFB in helping the occupational health squadron identify potential work hazard areas. Each spirometry exam was classified as abnormal or normal based on a comparison with established normals or a significant loss of function from the previous year's exam for the individual. Each test was classified into the work area of the individual and the number of abnormalities per population of the work area was examined.

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Procedures For Testing Deterministic Scheduling Models: A Dakota Case Study, Keith H. Mccready Mar 1996

Procedures For Testing Deterministic Scheduling Models: A Dakota Case Study, Keith H. Mccready

Theses and Dissertations

The DAKOTA scheduling system has been proposed for use in the United States Air Forces Europe's (USAFE's) Operational Support Airlift (OSA) scheduling. This thesis examines the OSA scheduling topic and reviews the relevant literature on vehicle routing, concluding that exact methods are intractable for large problem sizes. Consequently, heuristic methods must be considered. This thesis takes a detailed look at the DAKOTA heuristic. It examines the concepts of Validation, Verification and Accreditation (VV&A), particularly as they apply to heuristics and algorithms. It then defines what measures of performance may prove useful in judging heuristics and algorithms in general, and details …

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Measuring The Impact Of Programmed Depot Maintenance Funding Shortfalls On Weapon System Availability, Donald F. Hurry Mar 1996

Measuring The Impact Of Programmed Depot Maintenance Funding Shortfalls On Weapon System Availability, Donald F. Hurry

Theses and Dissertations

This study used the Poisson regression technique, bootstrap estimates, and the Kaplan-Meier estimates for survivor curves to determine the impact of Programmed Depot Maintenance (PDM) on weapon system availability. More specifically, these techniques estimated the effect in the number failures per year due to PDM, but the bootstrap technique also estimated the effect in the amount of downtime experienced by a weapon system due to PDM. Although the Poisson regression model did not pass the rigors of statistical testing, the Poisson regression suggested differences in the number of failures per year between PDM and no-PDM weapon systems. The results of …

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Forecasting And Explanatory Models For Middle Eastern Defense Budgets: A Case Study Of Saudi Arabia, Robert S. Renfro Ii Mar 1996

Forecasting And Explanatory Models For Middle Eastern Defense Budgets: A Case Study Of Saudi Arabia, Robert S. Renfro Ii

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis focuses on means of forecasting Saudi Arabian military expenditures and the effect of such expenditures on the United States. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest purchasers of American arms and will continue to be for many years. Saudi Arabia has experienced several recent changes in economic and government policy. Using exponential smoothing techniques and linear regression, we isolated several trends in Saudi Arabian military expenditures. Using two linear regression models, military expenditures were then forecast with excellent results. The first model considered the assumption that Gulf War spending would continue. This model uses Saudi Arabian Gross Domestic …

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Performance Study Of Shared Versus Nonshared Bandwidth On A Packet-Switched Network, John P. Stevens Mar 1996

Performance Study Of Shared Versus Nonshared Bandwidth On A Packet-Switched Network, John P. Stevens

Theses and Dissertations

In wide area computer data communications, many networks have evolved by satisfying increased user demands in the most expedient manner. In some cases, new users’ demands are satisfied by installing a new link, rather than sharing the links that are already in place. This research investigates the differences in performance between using a dedicated link for each source destination pair (nonshared bandwidth) and using a single link to be used by all source destination pairs (shared bandwidth). Simulation models are developed for a wide area network using shared bandwidth, and a wide area network using nonshared bandwidth. The quality of …

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Statistical Process Control And Medical Surveillance. An Application With Liver Function Tests, Bryan D. Richardson Mar 1996

Statistical Process Control And Medical Surveillance. An Application With Liver Function Tests, Bryan D. Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

Traditionally, medical surveillance of liver disease generally involves a battery of tests. This research used multivariate analysis techniques to reduce the number of measures required to identify liver dysfunction and found using a Transferase Index (a combination of three tests; ALT, AST, and GGT) provided the most satisfying assessment, but the single best indicator, ALT, may be sufficient. Transferase Index and ALT criterion were both applied to SPC control charts. Through the use of statistical process control (SPC), this research identified work zones possessing signs of adverse effects to an individual's liver as a possible result of their work environment …

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An Investigation Of Preliminary Feature Screening Using Signal-To-Noise Ratios, David B. Sumrell Mar 1996

An Investigation Of Preliminary Feature Screening Using Signal-To-Noise Ratios, David B. Sumrell

Theses and Dissertations

A new saliency metric and a new saliency screening method are developed. This new metric, the SN saliency metric, is based upon signal-to-noise ratios, where the signal is provided by a sum of squared weights associated with a given feature, and the noise is based upon a sum of squared weights associated with a reference noise feature which is injected into the data. The resultant metric allows for a direct comparison of the feature of interest with a reference noise feature which is known to be nonsalient. The SN saliency screening method, which uses the SN saliency metric, offers the …

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