Energy Systems Commons^™

Effect Of Ducted Hpwh On Space-Conditioning And Water Heating Energy Use - Central Florida Lab Home, Florida Solar Energy Center, Carlos Colon

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of ducted heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) on space-conditioning and water heating energy use in residential applications. Two identical HPWHs, each with a capacity of 60 gal, were tested side by side at the Flexible Residential Test Facility (FRTF) laboratories on the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) campus in Cocoa, Florida. The FRTF's residential buildings feature the same square footage (1,535 ft2 ), orientation, and envelope characteristics; currently, the only difference between them is the finished floor material. The east FRTF building is furnished with standard carpet flooring, whereas the …

Ev Workplace Charging Energy Use And Cost Case Study, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Efforts to increase the availability of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging stations have focused on expanding public charging stations, promoting charging at the workplace and using charging stations as a shopping incentive for retail stores. This report examines the costs and energy uses to provide the charging service. Rapidly charging a PEV requires expensive electric equipment and can lead to high operating costs due to electrical demand charges. This project presents results from a detailed case study for 5 PEV chargers where the charger electricity costs are a part of a facilities electric bill. Also presented are options for minimizing …

Comparison Of The Modes And Mechanisms Of Degradation Of Experimental C-Si Pv Modules With Various Encapsulants, October 2016, Florida Solar Energy Center, Neelkanth Dhere

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Seven modules with different encapsulants, provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), were installed at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) outdoor test facility for long-term durability testing in the hot and humid climate of Florida. Along with the modules, NREL also provided corresponding load resistors, junction boxes, and module connections. The modules were installed at latitude tilt, on a south facing rack on March 20, 2014.During project different types of tests such as visual inspection in environmental conditions and infrared imaging and I-V characterization were carried out on the seven module

Cost Analysis Of Workplace Charging For Electric Vehicles, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report examines the life-cycle costs associated with the operation of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the impact that plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging may have on commercial building electricity cost. This study assumed that a utility electric meter was attached to each charging station and that 10 kWh of energy was required to replenish the energy consumed during a typical 35-mile daily work commute. Through a life-cycle assessment of typical EVSE equipment, including first cost and maintenance and operating costs, it was found that AC Level 1 or 2 workplace charging can be similar to or lower in …

Lennar Ventures Power Purchase Agreement Analysis, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip W. Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

An analysis was performed to determine the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) system Power Purchase Agreements for prototype homes in 13 United States climate locations. EnergyGauge® USA v.5.1 software was used to simulate the energy use of one-story, three-bedroom, 2000 ft² , single-family, frame prototype homes in thirteen representative U.S. climates comprising six IECC climate zones. The same software was used to simulate the power production of PV systems designed to provide approximately 75% of the annual electric energy required by the prototype homes. The net present value (NPV) of the photovoltaic PPA was then calculated as the difference in …

Evaluation Of The Impact Of Slab Foundation Heat Transfer On Heating And Cooling In Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center, Danny Parker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction (BA-PIRC) performed experiments in the Florida Solar Energy Center's Flexible Residential Test Facility intended to assess for the first time (1) how slab-on-grade construction influences interior cooling in a cooling-dominated climate and (2) how the difference in a carpeted versus uncarpeted building might influence heating and cooling energy use.

Final Report: Cooling Seasonal Energy And Peak Demand Impacts Of Improved Duct Insulation On Fixed-Capacity (Seer 13) And Variable-Capacity (Seer 22) Heat Pumps, Florida Solar Energy Center, Charles Withers, Jr.

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Previous phase 1, 2, and 3 research identified that duct conductive losses to an attic environment imposed greater relative energy losses for the variable-capacity systems compared to the fixed-capacity systems (Cummings and Withers 2011) because of the longer dwell time of conditioned air in the ducts. The purpose of the Phase 4 experiments reported here was to see if duct R-value enhancement would benefit the overall operating efficiency of the variable-capacity system relatively more than the fixed-capacity system. The current Phase 4 experiments (the primary focus of this report) found that this was a secondary effect.

Flexible Residential Test Facility: Impact Of Infiltration And Ventilation On Measured Cooling Season Energy And Moisture Levels (2016), Florida Solar Energy Center, Danny Parker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Originally published in January 2014, this revision of the report clarifies and corrects references to Standard 62.2 as the 2013 version (62.2-2013), and it corrects the total CFM requirement for the subject buildings under the standard. Further, two plots have been updated to distinguish between the mechanical CFM and the total CFM required for the subject buildings under Standard 62.2-2013.

Florida Rural Small Business Energy Assistance Collaborative Cumulative Report Ending July 31, 2016, Florida Solar Energy Center, Janet Mcilvaine

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Rural Development initiative reaches out to communities across America with many programs (http://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/all-programs). USDA's Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) offers grants and loan guarantees for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy systems to agriculture operations and qualifying rural small businesses. USDA has awarded the University of Central Florida a grant to provide a limited number of subsidized Energy Audits to eligible businesses in Florida in support of USDA Rural Development (USDA-RD) Grant and Loan programs for rural small businesses. The ultimate goal of the energy audits is to increase participation in …

Cost Effectiveness Of Energy Efficiency And On-Site Photovoltaic Power For 2015 Iecc Energy Rating Index (Eri) Compliance (Draft), Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip W. Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

EnergyGauge® USA v.5.1 is used to simulate the energy use of one-story, three-bedroom, 2000 ft² , single-family, frame homes in sixteen representative U.S. climates comprising all eight IECC climate zones. The energy use of the Section R406.2 minimum efficiency home (the Baseline Home) is compared against the energy use of homes complying with the prescriptive requirements of Section R402 of the 2015 IECC and against homes complying with the Section R406 Energy Rating Index (ERI) Compliance Alternative. The improvement cost and energy savings of the improved homes relative to the Baseline Home are then used to determine the cost …

2015 Electric Vehicle Market Summary And Barriers, Florida Solar Energy Center, David L. Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The object of this research report is to present the current market status of plug-in-electric vehicles (PEVs) and to predict their future penetration within the world and U.S. markets. The sales values for 2015 show that China leads in yearly sales at 214,283 (triple increase for 2014) followed by Western Europe at 184,500 vehicles sold. The U.S. is third at 115,262 followed by Japan at 46,339 vehicles. These four countries comprise 95% of the global sales market. The world total of EV sales for 2015 is estimated to be 565,668 up from 315,519 in 2014. This data also shows that …

Evaluating The Economic Impacts Of The Legislatively Delayed Provisions Of The 5th Edition (2014) Florida Building Code (Final Report), Florida Solar Energy Center, Robin Vieira

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This research provides an assessment of the potential economic impacts of implementing three legislatively delayed requirements of the Florida Building Code, 5th Edition (2014): 1) residential air leakage testing, 2) residential whole-house mechanical ventilation, and 3) two fire service access elevators for applicable buildings.

Automated, Autonomous And Connected Vehicle Technology Assessment, Florida Solar Energy Center, David L. Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and almost every state DOT are showing extreme interest in the application of automated and connected vehicles (ACV). This combined application can significantly reduce crashes, energy consumption, pollution and the costs of congestion which in turn will offer a fundamental change to the U.S. transportation network and system. The objective of this technology assessment project is to evaluate the vehicle technologies, actions, laws and policies that are now in place and to assess their future usage. The assessment also evaluates the highest level of automated vehicles called autonomous or self-driving vehicles. In fact, autonomous …

Comprehensive Modeling Of Optimal Paths To Reach Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (Nzebs) For New Constructions In Europe, Florida Solar Energy Center, Delia D'Agostino

FSEC Energy Research Center®

As established by the recast of the European Union (EU) Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), all new buildings have to be nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) by the end of 2020. However, reaching this result considering cost-optimality is still an open challenge. Balancing renewable power generation with energy efficiency to reach the nZEB target is a key goal of all EU Member States. We describe results obtained from the modeling of nZEBs for new constructions in Europe using the energy performance software EnergyPlus. The model performs hourly sequential simulations showing how to best achieve nearly zero energy home …

Phased Retrofits In Existing Homes In Florida Phase I: Shallow And Deep Retrofits (February 2016), Florida Solar Energy Center, Danny Parker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research team Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction is collaborating with Florida Power & Light (FPL) to conduct a phased residential energy-efficiency retrofit program. This research seeks to establish impacts on annual energy and peak energy reductions from the technologies applied at two levels of retrofit--shallow and deep--with savings levels that approach the Building America program goal of reducing whole-house energy use by 40%.

Relationship Between The Home Energy Score (Hes) And The Home Energy Rating System (Hers), Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip W. Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

A significant cohort of approximately 2,900 registered home energy ratings using the REM/Rate HERS software tool, as reported to RESNET, are subjected to statistical analysis by the Dillon Group, Inc. The statistical analysis determines the distribution of HES results as a function of home energy efficiency as measured by the minimum standards of the 2009 IECC and by EPA’s ENERGY STAR program.

In addition, a parametric simulation analysis is conducted by the Florida Solar Energy Center using EnergyGauge® USA version 5.0, a RESNET-accredited HERS software tool, to determine the relationship between HES scores and the HERS Index. The parametric analysis …

An Experimental Investigation Of Heat Transfer For Arrays Of Impingement Jets Onto The Featured Surfaces With Cylindrical And Elliptical Raised Surfaces, Marc A. Medina

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study focuses on multi-jet impingement for gas turbine geometries in which the objective is to understand the influence of the roughness elements on a target surface to the heat transfer. Current work has proven that implementing roughness elements for multi-jet impingement target surfaces has increased heat transfer ranging anywhere from 10-30%. This study has chosen to investigate three different roughness elements, elliptical in cross-section, to compare to smooth surface geometries for multi-jet impingement. An experimental was taken for this study to extend the current knowledge of multi-jet impingement geometries and to further understand the heat transfer performance. A temperature …

Implications Of Electric Vehicles On Gasoline Tax Revenues, Florida Solar Energy Center, Kevin Schleith

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report summarizes the results of research conducted to determine if current and near future EV sales will have an impact on gasoline (gas) tax revenues as part of the Federal Highway Trust Fund (HTF). Gasoline taxes account for $31.1 billion or about 87% of the HTF. The project results were accomplished through a review of existing industry and government reports that detail fuel tax revenues and through analysis of EV sales from 2010 to 2015.

Semi-Annual Program Progress Performance Report For University Transportation Systems, Pppr#4, October 2015, Florida Solar Energy Center, David L. Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

A summary of the major activities reported in the following pages is as follows. In the research area, the collection and analysis of data from the Nissan funded DC fast charger at FSEC (Project #3), the development of a student and faculty battery laboratory at Tuskegee University (Project #8), the opening of a new University of Hawaii battery test lab (Project #9), a computer model to optimize electrical costs for Tallahassee StarMetro buses (Project #14), and the installation and beginning of data collection from the FSEC wireless charging laboratory (Project #15). Detailed industry interactions for the period included Nissan, NovaCharge, …

Why Doesn't 25 Years Of An Evolving Energy Code Make More Of A Difference?, Florida Solar Energy Center, Charles Withers, Jr.

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This paper was presented at the 2015 Behavior, Energy and Climate Change Conference (BECC). New and more stringent building energy codes are implemented with the assumption and expectation that significant energy conservation will occur. While simulation and various analysis methodologies may be reasonably sound at estimating the energy impact, the actual impact is largely dependent upon new code enforcement and occupant behavior. This work is based upon the research question: Do homes built to a newer energy code deliver measurable energy savings compared to homes built to a much earlier energy code? This residential research study was focused on comparing …

Simulating The Energy Performance Of A Foam Roof System, Florida Solar Energy Center, Jeffrey Sonne

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Annual residential simulations were run in 13 US cities to determine the energy savings of using an insulated foam tile roof in retrofit applications where ceiling insulation was only R-11 or R-19. Variations included leaving the attic vented and sealing the attic space.

Sunsense/Sunsmart Plus-Up Schools Program Final Inspection Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, Susan Schleith

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report provides information regarding the photovoltaic systems that are associated with the 2014 Sunsense/Sunsmart School Plus-UP program. Dave Click led the project as Principal Investigator and technical expert. Susan Schleith, participated as Co-Principal Investigator and education/school liaison. Four schools participated in the program. Each of the photovoltaic systems installed at the schools was inspected by the University of Central Florida's Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), as well as the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). This report details the results of the final inspections associated with National Electric Code (NEC) and performance testing as required by the Sunsense/Sunsmart Schools Plus-UP …

Investigation Of The Effectiveness And Failure Rates Of Whole-House Mechanical Ventilation Systems In Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center, Jeffrey Sonne

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report presents the results of a field investigation of the effectiveness and failure rates of whole-house mechanical ventilation systems installed in Florida homes over the last 15 years. The report includes homeowner survey and ventilation system testing results and code modification recommendations based on study findings.

Cooling And Heating Season Impacts Of Right-Sizing Of Fixed- And Variable-Capacity Heat Pumps With Attic And Indoor Ductwork, Florida Solar Energy Center, James Cummings

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The U.S. Department of Energy's research team Building America Partnership for Advanced Residential Construction implemented two phases of experiments to examine the cooling and heating seasonal and peak demand performance of a variable-capacity 2-ton SEER 22 heat pump versus a 3-ton variable-capacity SEER 21 heat pump with attic ducts and indoor ducts. The experiments also compared the cooling and heating seasonal and peak demand performance of 2-ton versus 3-ton fixed-capacity SEER 13 heat pumps with attic ducts and indoor ducts.

Developing Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Credits For The Florida Energy Code, Florida Solar Energy Center, Bereket Nigusse

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) or Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV) devices recover energy from building's exhaust air to precondition outdoor air. Energy savings of ERV/HRV devices were determined for various commercial buildings in Florida climate using whole building energy simulation tool. The annual HVAC energy percent savings due to ERV/HRV device were calculated from HVAC energy use of a standard reference building without and with ERV/HRV device using EnergyPlus. The annual HVAC energy savings potential (ERV Credits) will be used for code compliance calculation when a compliance software does not have ERV modeling capability. The ERV/HRV credits were reported by building …

Maximum Energy Efficiency Cost Effectiveness In New Home Construction, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip W. Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

EnergyGauge® USA (v.4.0.00) is used to examine the cost effectiveness of high performance homes that are improved to significantly exceed the minimum requirements of the 2015 IECC. The objective of the study is to determine the maximum level of energy efficiency that can be considered cost effective to the consumer. For these purposes, it is the cost effectiveness of the entire package of measures that is considered by the analysis rather than the cost effectiveness of individual measures. Optimization and rank ordering of the individual improvement measures in the package is not considered by the analysis.

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Semi-Annual Program Progress Performance Report For The Electric Vehicle Transportation Center Pppr#3, Florida Solar Energy Center, David L. Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This document covers the program activities of the University of Central Florida's Electric Vehicle Transportation Center (EVTC) for the 6 month period of October 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. The Electric Vehicle Transportation Center supports the U.S. Department of Transportation's strategic goal of planning for near-term integration of alternative fuel vehicles as a means to build a sustainable transportation system. The project objectives are to evaluate technologies, standards and policies to ensure seamless integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into a complex transportation network and electricity grid. The EVTC will bridge the gap between deployment of electric vehicles and the …

Electric Vehicle Sales For 2014 And Future Projections, Florida Solar Energy Center, David L. Block

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The object of this research is to assess the current status and to predict the future penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) within the U.S. market. The prediction method is based on EV yearly sales giving the cumulative vehicles on the road for 2010 through 2014 and the growth rates for these five years. Using these growth values, the future ten year values are calculated. The EV sales results for 2014 in the U.S. show that 118,773 vehicles were sold as compared to 96,700 vehicles in 2013. This gives a one year sales growth rate of 23%. The total cumulative number …

Investigating Solutions To Wind Washing Issues In Two-Story Florida Homes, Phase 2, Florida Solar Energy Center, Charles Withers, Jr.

FSEC Energy Research Center®

With U.S. Department of Energy goals of reducing existing home energy use by 30% and new home energy use by 50%, it is imperative to focus on several energy efficiency measures, including the quality of air and thermal barriers. This report provides results from a second-phase research study of a phenomenon generally referred to as wind washing. Wind washing is the movement of unconditioned air around or through building thermal barriers in such a way as to diminish or nullify the intended thermal performance. This study focused on the impact of poorly sealed and insulated floor cavities adjacent to attic …

Electric Vehicle Charging Technology Analysis And Standards, Florida Solar Energy Center, J. Doug Kettles

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report accesses the technologies and standards associated with Electric Vehicles (EVs), Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and the related infrastructure. A review of infrastructure, highway and vehicle safety standards are included in the paper. The report also evaluates the barriers and challenges of deploying an expanded network of EV charging stations and makes recommendations to help standardize and expedite EVSE infrastructure deployment to support the accelerating growth of EVs. The study focuses on EVSE and the infrastructure for Battery-Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs); collectively known as Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs). The results are restricted to …