Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Fine Particle Peening Induced Material Transfer On The Initial Deposition Behavior Of Nickel Electroplating On Aluminum Substrate, Kazuki Iijima, Yutaka Kameyama, Hideaki Sato, Shuhei Kodama

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Plating on aluminum requires a complex zincate pretreatment. Fine Particle Peening (FPP), using particles ≤200 µm, has gained attention as an alternative due to its ability to transfer particle components onto the surface, potentially improving deposition and adhesion. Previous studies showed enhanced plating on aluminum treated with steel particles. This study investigates the effectiveness of FPP as a pretreatment for nickel electroplating by examining initial deposition behavior. A1050-H24 aluminum was treated using FPP with either steel or glass particles, compared to an untreated specimen. Steel particle FPP created a lamellar microstructure with alternating iron and aluminum phases. EBSD revealed that …

The Effect Of Surface Treatment On The Fatigue Strength Of Sus316l Additive Manufactured Products, Hitoshi Nishijima, Yuji Kobayashi, Toshiya Tsuji, Kiyotaka Masaki

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the effect of shot peening and barrel finishing on fatigue properties of SUS316L made by laser PBF which was one of additive manufacturing processes. Surface roughness, residual stress, and fatigue strength were investigated for each specimen. As a result, the fatigue strength of the barrel finished specimens was almost same or better than that of the shot peened specimens. Barrel finished specimens increased 4.1 times higher fatigue strength than as-built specimens. The surface roughness of the specimens after barrel finishing was reduced by up to 96% compared to the as-built specimens. On …

Expansion Of Laser Peening Application With A High-Power Microchip Laser On A Robotic Arm, Yuji Sano, Yoshio Mizuta, Satoshi Tamaki, Tomonao Hosokai, Tomoharu Kato, Yoshihiro Sakino, Volker Schneidau, Sebastian Holz, Jörg Behler

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Laser peening (LP) introduces compressive residual stress (RS) onto the surface of metallic materials using nanosecond laser pulses irradiated through a water layer, thereby effectively suppressing fatigue crack initiation. However, conventional LP systems require large, stationary setups, restricting their use to indoor environments. To overcome this limitation, a portable LP device featuring a finger-sized microchip laser mounted on a collaborative robot arm has been developed. Equipped with a compact power supply and a water circulation/recovery system, the device can operate on-site with minimal setup. Successful processing across various materials has confirmed both compressive RS induction and fatigue life extension. Notably, …

Effects Of Laser Peening On Fatigue Properties Of Welded Aluminum Thin Plates, Kiyotaka Masaki, Yoshio Mizuta, Satoshi Tamaki, Yuji Sano

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

To improve the fatigue properties of welded aluminum alloy thin plates used in transportation machinery, handheld laser peening (HH-LP) was applied to 2 mm-thick A5083-O specimens prepared by bead-on TIG welding. Conventional laser peening often causes warping in thin plates, but the HH-LP treatment using low-energy laser pulses avoids this problem. The HH-LP treatment introduced compressive residual stresses of over 200 MPa on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the welded specimens. Fatigue tests under plane bending conditions revealed that the HH-LP treatment significantly improved the fatigue strength of the welded specimens, achieving a level comparable to that of the base …

Evaluation Of Peening Intensity With Nozzle-Mounted Sensor During Processing, Akinori Matsui, Shuji Hayashida, Yuji Kobayashi

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

In recent years, digital technologies have been increasingly applied in manufacturing, including visualization and anomaly detection in production equipment. In shot peening, Peening Intensity is a key process control indicator, but its measurement requires significant manual effort. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using an AE-sensor-mounted nozzle to estimate Peening Intensity. We conducted experiments comparing sensor outputs with experimented Intensity under controlled conditions. A strong correlation (R² ≥ 0.95) was observed, suggesting that Peening Intensity can be estimated via AE sensing. This approach may contribute to labor-saving and automation in shot peening processes.

Comparison Of Anti-Fouling Performance Of Textured Glass Surface Fabricated By Ductile-Mode Peening And Precision Grinding, Hayato Tagaya, Yutaka Kameyama, Shuhei Kodama, Hideaki Sato, Kento Shinagawa, Ayumu Sekiguchi, Seiji Hirai, Hitoshi Ohmori

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Recently, there has been a growing demand for precision processing glass. In addition to dimensional accuracy, surface texturing to impart functional properties has attracted increasing attention. For example, anti-fouling performance against powder adhesion is required for cover glasses of solar cells. Powder adhesion is governed by van der Waals forces, which depend on the surface texture of the substrate, suggesting that surface structures influence adhesion behavior. Our previous study demonstrated that angled fine particle peening (FPP) could fabricate a nanoscale fine texture on glass surfaces through ductile-mode peening—glass processing without brittle fracture. In this study, the effect of surface texturing …

The Use Of A Dynamic Imaging System To Characterize Particle Size And Shape For Shot Peening Media, Matthew Spink, Tod Canty, Langdon Feltner, Paul Mort

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Shot peening is a cold working process that enhances the mechanical properties of components such as springs, axles, and gears. Shot media are projected at a high velocity against the material’s surface, creating a layer of compressive residual stress that improves fatigue and wear resistance of the material. The size and shape of the media affect the residual stress layer that is created. To ensure consistent quality, it is critical to characterize and control the particle size and shape distribution of the shot media, both as-manufactured and in the working mix. This paper presents how the use of a dynamic …

Microstructural Changes And Residual Stress Generation On The Periodically Patterned Surface Texture Fabricated By Angled Fine Particle Peening, Yutaka Kameyama, Hideaki Sato, Ryokichi Shimpo

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Focusing on the potential of peening technology as a surface texturing technique, angled fine particle peening (angled-FPP) has been proposed to fabricate a specific periodical surface structure, which possibly provides various surface functions. It is necessary to further characterize the textured surface to earn more advantages from angled-FPP. Thus, in this paper, texture formation phenomena, residual stress, and microstructural changes were investigated on the angled-FPP specimens.

Roughness Parameters For Evaluating Blasted Or Shot Peened Surfaces, Stefanie Stoeckel, Sophie Groeger

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

A review of the papers presented at the last three International Conferences on Shot Peening revealed that the most used parameters are Ra and Rz. There has been comparatively little exploration of other parameters, particularly the S-parameters. Furthermore, the ISO 4287 standard for profile parameters was replaced by the new ISO 21920-2 standard in 2021. This is accompanied by the introduction of new parameters as well as alterations to existing ones. This paper demonstrates the limitations of Ra and Rz, as well as Sa and Sz, and explores additional areal and profile parameters that are useful for the description of …

Improving Fatigue Strength And Life Of Single Crystal Cmsx-4, Jochen Peter Fuhr, Lloyd Hackel, Nicolau I. Morar, Noah Holtham, Keivan Davami, Montu Sharma, Rajkumar Roy

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

The deep penetration of laser peening (LP) and retention of residual stress at high temperature by LP is significant in improving fatigue life and strength of superalloys exposed to high temperature and corrosion. Single crystal CMSX-4, was evaluated for stress relaxation and both fatigue life and fatigue strength of material that was LP-treated compared to non-LP and shot-peened (SP) specimens. LP was done with multiple layers using a 20 J/pulse laser where the laser high energy enabled using a 5 mm spot size on the metal surface. Stress measurements by the slitting technique showed the plastic penetration depth exceeded SP …

Application Of Burnishing Process Expected To Frictional Heat To Non-Oriented Electromagnetic Steel Sheet, Yuji Kobayashi, Masato Okada

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Burnishing is a technology used to improve the surface roughness of metals. On the other hand, it is expected that the metal structure near the surface will change due to strong distortion.

The magnetic properties of electromagnetic steel sheets depend on large crystal grains and fine crystals near the surface[1]. In particular, thinner fine crystal grain layers on the surface are expected to reduce iron loss. In this study, the power generation characteristics of Burnished electromagnetic steel sheets were evaluated.

Electromotive force waveform was evaluated by rotating the laminated electromagnetic steel sheets and using a spindle motor. The electromotive force …

The Effects Of Shot Peening Highly Loaded Compression Springs, David J. Breuer

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

The compression spring in this test study is typical of one used in a demanding off-road vehicle suspension. The cyclic loads applied during fatigue tests were severe enough to cause failure in approximately 11,000 cycles without shot peening.

The objectives of this study were the following: (1) Design a compression spring similar to those used in the off-road recreational industry. (2) Design & manufacture a fatigue test stand that could withstand high loads for months of testing. (3) Generate a matrix of shot peening treatments to produce different amounts of residual compressive stress. (4) Measure the shot peening residual compressive …

Nonlinear Analytical Models Of The Seismically Isolated ``Frame-Boiler'' System With Cantilever-Type Hysteresis Dampers, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Anushchenko, Dmitrii Evgenievich Bondarev, Aleksandr Yurievich Schukin

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study shows results of development of the ``frame-boiler'' system with hysteresis dampers analytical model. Hysteresis dampers are used as boiler antiseismic bracing. It is noted that simplified analytical models are necessary at the stage of preliminary iterative calculations, when a CAE-modeling is impractical due to significant time costs. The authors have proposed 2 options of analytical models: 2-mass model and 3-mass model. The differential equations of motion for each model are written below. The results of the calculation for seismic impacts are compared with the finite element model. It is shown that 3-mass model gives good match of results …

Advancing Sustainable Structural Solutions: Hemp Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (Hfrp) Reinforcement Bars For Concrete Applications Through Material Selection, Simulation, And Pathways For Future Development, Thomas Cadenazzi, Busra Keles

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This paper investigates innovative Hemp Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (HFRP) rebars as a sustainable alternative to conventional Carbon Steel (CS) and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars used as reinforcement in concrete structures. The feasibility of HFRP rebars is assessed, focusing on mechanical properties and sustainability advantages. A virtual tensile test on a modeled M19 HFRP rebar, conducted using Autodesk's Fusion 360, demonstrates tensile strength comparable to CS 235 and greater environmental sustainability than GFRP, despite a slight reduction in stiffness. The study also considers the potential of graphene fiber integration to enhance mechanical properties, underscoring HFRP's adaptability. Findings suggest that HFRP rebars, …

Thermal Performance Variations Of Office Spaces In Educational Buildings Resulting From Façade Orientation: An Egyptian Case Stud, Hesham Safwat, Ahmad Elshamy, Rania Rushdy Moussa, Iman El-Mahallawi El-Mahallawi, Engy Elshazly, Mahmoud Mahmoudalghrieb

Mechanical Engineering

This paper investigates the thermal performance of an office floor within the Faculty of Engineering at the British University in Egypt (BUE), located in Cairo, a city characterized by a hot arid climate. The study focuses on understanding the building’s thermal behavior by comparing two identical office rooms: Room 212 (north-facing) and Room 201 (south facing). Utilizing dynamic thermal simulations with TRNSYS 18 for a full year, the research specifically analyzes the impact of these opposite orientations on indoor space temperature, total cooling loads, the monthly heat absorbed by various building surfaces, and the heat absorbed per unit area for …

Overcoming Variable Illumination In Photovoltaic Snow Monitoring: A Real-Time Robust Drone-Based Deep Learning Approach, Amna Mazen, Ashraf Saleem, Kamyab Yazdipaz, Ana Dyreson

Michigan Tech Publications

Snow accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) panels can cause significant energy losses in cold climates. While drone-based monitoring offers a scalable solution, real-world challenges like varying illumination can hinder accurate snow detection. We previously developed a YOLO-based drone system for snow coverage detection using a Fixed Thresholding segmentation method to discriminate snow from the solar panel; however, it struggled in challenging lighting conditions. This work addresses those limitations by presenting a reliable drone-based system to accurately estimate the Snow Coverage Percentage (SCP) over PV panels. The system combines a lightweight YOLOv11n-seg deep learning model for panel detection with an adaptive image …

Performance Of A Two-Body Wave Energy Converter With An Annular Heave Plate, Raj Tamakuwala, Muhammad Usman, Nathan Tom, Hassan Masoud

Michigan Tech Publications

We theoretically examine the performance of a two-body wave energy converter (WEC) featuring a floating sphere and a submerged annular heave plate, connected by a power take-off (PTO) system. Utilising linear wave theory, we derive the system's frequency-domain response to regular plane waves and analyse the impact of varying disk porosity on power generation. Our results suggest that annular disks can enhance power extraction efficiency in various cases compared with solid heave plates. Additionally, permeable plates can broaden operational conditions by reducing oscillation amplitudes and decreasing the mechanical strain on the PTO system without substantially compromising the power conversion efficiency. …

Heat Transfer Enhancement In Cold Plate Heat Exchangers With Trapezoidal Vortex Generators, Montgomery Miller

Student Theses and Dissertations

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effects of trapezoidal vortex generators (VGs) as a method of thermal enhancement within cold plate heat exchangers. Three different cold plates were imbedded with VGs in the bottom of the flow passage of varying sizes (h/H = 0.195, 0.253, 0.36) and quantity, as well as a cold plate with no VGs to be used as a comparative baseline. Testing was conducted under the laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regime (Re = 1000 to 5500) using distilled water as the coolant. Experimental results indicate that the addition of VGs provide a positive …

Development Of An Instrumented Test System To Evaluate Mechanical Characteristics Of Belted Conveyor Systems, Coleman Emerson Wilson

Student Theses and Dissertations

The use of conveyor systems within industrial and warehouse settings gives the ability for increased productivity and increased speed of moving objects. As in many settings, the use of these conveyor systems requires large amounts of continuous runtime, and the ability to save even small amounts of energy over a large period can create large improvements in the total overhead cost of running the facility. Research into the ability to characterize the components within a conveyor system gives the ability to identify sources of large amounts of wasted energy and quantify these losses. There is a need to quantify the …

Comparative Analysis Of Belt-Slider Pan Configurations On The Power Consumption Of Belted Conveyor Systems, Asib Ridwan

Student Theses and Dissertations

Conveyor systems are widely used in industrial applications for material handling, but their high energy consumption remains a significant challenge. This study investigated the influence of different belt-slider pan configurations on conveyor power consumption, aiming to optimize efficiency while minimizing energy losses. Three types of slider pans; mild steel, galvanized steel, and powder-coated steel, were analyzed under controlled experimental conditions to determine the motor torque and power consumption of a test conveyor system under various loading conditions. Torque and power values were derived, plotted, and comparatively analyzed across all configurations to determine performance differences. Static friction coefficients of each type …

Engineering And Technology, Fred Haan

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

9/21/2025 for the event, Integration of Faith and Learning, at University Pelita Harapan in Jakarta, Indonesia

Advanced Microstructured Batio3-Embedded Pvdf–Hfp/Peo Film For Enhanced Triboelectric Interface In Self-Sufficient Energy Generation And Sensing, Rigobert Ybarra, Diego De Leon, Michael Moreno, Cesar Sanchez, Fernando Viesca, Kevin Alejandro, Shishir Timilsena, Nicholas Dimakis, Joseph H. Dumont, Tommy Rockward, Tarik J. Dickens, Md. Wasikur Rahman, Mohammed Jasim Uddin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The global reliance on fossil fuels and natural gas has largely dominated the energy production field, but due to finite resource depletion and escalating greenhouse gas emissions, the immediate exploration of sustainable energy alternatives to mitigate climate change and ensure resource security has been a major concern. There has been extensive research into other more renewable methods of energy production, such as wind and hydropower. Of these current energy generation types, there are many areas of untapped potential from the mechanical movements generated ambiently not only in the large scale of power generation but also on a smaller scale. The …

Comparative Analysis Of Life Cycle Assessment Of Traditional And Contemporary Timber Buildings, Sadık Akşar, Gökçe Tuna

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Wood has long been used as a primary building material, but with the Industrial Revolution and the spread of multi-story structures, its structural limitations became evident. In the 21st century, engineered timber products have reintroduced wood as a sustainable alternative, offering advantages such as lightness, rapid assembly, and recyclability. At the same time, buildings are responsible for significant environmental impacts, making assessment methods essential. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most widely used tools for evaluating these impacts across all stages of a building’s life cycle. This study applies LCA to timber construction systems, focusing on both traditional …

Sustainable Paving Block Development: Utilizing Rejected Coal As Filler And Assessing Its Impact On Paving Block’S Properties, Siti Nikmatin, Allen Kurniawan, Heriansyah Putra, Rima Fitria Adiati, Riawan Ma’Ruf, Dwi Arso Yedi Irwanto

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study investigated the potential use of rejected coal as a fine aggregate filler in paving block production. Comprehensive characterization of the rejected coal was conducted, including toxicity, physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of the coal. The results showed that the rejected coal met environmental safety standards (TCLP) and had suitable properties as an aggregate. Paving blocks were produced by incorporating different proportions of rejected coal fillers and were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and density. The optimal mix with 35% rejected coal filler as a replacement of stone ash achieved a compressive strength of 14.61 MPa, water absorption …

Numerical Comparative Study Of The Thermal Performance And Load-Bearing Capacity Of Hollow Clay Bricks Used In Construction In Libya, Osama Lawej, Mahmoud Ahmed, Ismael Ehtiwesh

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The optimization of structural and thermal performance in building components is a key challenge in sustainable construction, particularly in hot climate regions like Libya. Hollow clay bricks are widely used due to their local availability and affordability; however, their internal geometry is often not optimized for thermal resistance or mechanical integrity. This study addresses this gap by numerically investigating the effect of cavity geometry on the load-bearing capacity and thermal insulation performance of hollow clay bricks. Three configurations were analyzed, including two commercial designs from the Libyan market and a newly proposed arched cavity design. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations …

Developing A Modular Circular Wall Over-Clad System For Facade Thermal Upgrade In Deep Energy Retrofit, Patrick Daly

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The EU has implemented several policy and legislative initiatives aimed at decarbonisation and circularity transition of the Built Environment including a strategy for large scale renovation of the building / housing stock. Modularised construction solutions are argued to be a potential acceleration pathway toward this objective. Yet there remains issues and challenges in implementing such strategies in a complex and heterogeneous stock and sector. This research investigates this decarbonisation pathway, examining the feasibility and potential of applying a modularised construction over-clad system, based on advanced circularity, in the deep energy retrofit of social housing. The research is based on a …

Machine-Learning-Assisted Discovery Of Lattice Dynamics Signatures Of Sodium Superionic Conductors, Ogheneyoma Aghoghovbia, Riccardo Rurali, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Joshua Ojih, De-En Jiang, Ming Hu

Faculty Publications

Sodium superionic conductors are key to the development of all-solid-state sodium batteries. Discovery of new superionic conductors has traditionally relied on insights from material defect chemistry and the transition/hopping theory, while the role of lattice vibrations, i.e., phonons, remains underexplored. We identify key lattice dynamics signatures that govern ionic conductivity by analyzing the phonon mean squared displacement (MSD) of Na+ ions. By high-throughput screening of a dataset of 3903 Na-containing structures, we establish a strong positive correlation between phonon MSD and diffusion coefficients, providing a quantitative correlation between lattice dynamics and ion transport. To accelerate this discovery, we incorporate …

Stratified Hydrogen Combustion With Various Mixing Processes, Youngmin Ki, Heetae Yang, Jungho Justin Kim, Seong Young Lee, Joonsik Hwang, Choongsik Bae

Michigan Tech Publications

Hydrogen is recognized as a key alternative fuel for mitigating greenhouse-gas emissions owing to its high fuel efficiency and carbon-free combustion. In the stratified charge combustion (SCC) mode, ensuring optimal air-fuel mixing in the combustion chamber is crucial because the local equivalence ratio has a dominant influence on combustion characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to build a detailed understanding of stratified hydrogen combustion under various local equivalence ratios. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to measure the local equivalence ratios in hydrogen jets at different mixture-formation times (MFTs) and laser-ignition points (LIPs). The results showed that shorter MFTs induced highly …

Tissue-Like Fracture Toughness And Stress–Relaxation Ability In Pva-Agar-Based Hydrogels For Biomedical Applications, Ismael Lamas Jr., Bhuvana L. Chandrashekar, Cláudia C. Biguetti, Mohammad R. Islam

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Soft tissues exhibit remarkable stretchability, fracture toughness, and stress–relaxation ability. They possess a large water content to support cellular processes. Mimicking such a combination of mechanical and physical properties in hydrogels is important for tissue engineering applications but remains challenging. This work aims to develop a hydrogel that can combine excellent mechanical properties with cellular viability. The research focused on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agar double-network (DN) hydrogels, fabricated by thermal gelation and freeze–thawing methods. Their mechanical properties were characterized through tension, compression, fracture, and stress–relaxation tests, and their cellular viability was measured through cytotoxicity tests. The results show that the PVA/agar …

Effect Of Gelam Wood And Rice Husk Composition With Molding Pressure On The Combustion Performance Of Biopellets, Rachmat Subagyo, Rudi Siswanto, Ma’Ruf Ma’Ruf, Mastiadi Tamjidillah, Abdul Ghofur, Femiana Gapsari, M. Zainul Rusdi, Azie Aprianto, Wardoyo Wardoyo, Naila Salsabila

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

This study investigates the effects of gelam wood (Melaleuca leucadendron) and rice husk composition in biopellet production, focusing on compaction pressures of 60, 80, and 100 kg/cm². Five biomass ratios (G100–RH0, G80–RH20, G60–RH40, G50–RH50, G0–RH100) were tested for moisture, ash, fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific value, ignition time, burning rate, and combustion temperature. Results showed that moisture content ranged from 0.98% (G0–RH100, 60 kg/cm²) to 12.28% (G100–RH0, 80 kg/cm²), while ash content varied between 2.47% (G100–RH0, 60 kg/cm²) and 20.93% (G0–RH100, 80 kg/cm²). The highest calorific value reached 3968 cal/g (G100–RH0, 60–80 kg/cm²), though below the SNI 8675:2018 minimum of …