Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Potential Effects Of Statistical Complexity Measure In Improving The Fault Diagnosis Performance Under Speed Fluctuations, S. Sowmya, M. Saimurugan, N. Kannan, Immanuel A. Edinbarough

Informatics and Engineering Systems Faculty Publications

Many research studies are performed in extracting non-stationary signal properties such as instantaneous frequency (IF) and envelope to diagnose machinery faults under time-varying speed conditions. But accurate IF extraction is difficult from such complex fluctuating signals to identify the faults efficiently. Therefore, this paper proposes the Statistical Complexity Measure (SCM) as a feature that evaluates the randomness and complexity without any additional requirement, providing an outstanding result in multi-component fault detection under speed fluctuations. Primarily, the influence of SCM is proved by ranking the features with the help of the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The fault classification of individual signal …

Flow And Heat Transfer Experimental Study For 3d-Printed Solar Receiving Tubes With Helical Fins At Internal Surface, Fouad Haddad, Naznin Nuria Afrin, Jianzhi Li, Peiwen Li, Bharath Pidaparthi, Samy Missoum, Ben Xu

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

3D-printing technology was applied to fabricate novel solar thermal collection tubes that have internal heat transfer enhancement fins and external surfaces with high solar absorptivity and low emissivity due to the ability to use different materials in one tube. Helical fins were selected to introduce circumferential flow and thus minimize the circumferential temperature difference of the tube that receives sunlight on one side. The structures of the helical fins were previously optimized from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with the objective of low entropy production rate by looking for high heat transfer coefficient and relatively lower pressure loss. High-temperature alloy, …

Oxidation–Reduction Of Ti-6al-4v In Direct Energy Deposition Subject To Minimum Argon Consumption, Bharadwaja Ragampeta, Prashansa Ragampeta, Todd Sparks, Frank Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Ti-6Al-4V is a well-known alloy for its low density and excellent corrosion resistance, making it popular in aerospace, marine, medical, and automotive applications. However, at elevated temperatures, the alloy forms oxides, leading to embrittlement. In additive manufacturing, particularly in the direct energy deposition (DED) process, which involves high temperatures, the alloy experiences oxidation. An inert gas chamber provides shielding during the process but limits the size of the manufactured components, and deposition in a vacuum chamber can alter the chemical composition of the alloy. Local shielding is a technique generally used for such applications, but it uses a high volume …

Predicting The High Temperature Deformation Behavior Of Haynes282 By A Dislocation-Density Based Crystal Plasticity Model, Tianju Chen, Huadong Fu, Shujing Dong, Yue Zhou, Yijia Gu, Caizhi Zhou, Ridwan Sakidja

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mechanical behavior of Haynes282 is heavily dependent upon the microstructure state, calling for mesoscale model to study the relationship between the underlying microstructure and macroscopic performance. In this work, we employ crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) to explore the deformation mechanisms of Hanyes282 subjected to tensile (short-term) and creep (long-term) tests. Haynes282 is a newly developed Ni-based superalloy, containing relatively low volume fraction (≤20%) of spherical γ′ precipitate phase. A dislocation-density based model is developed to describe the tensile and the creep behavior, where a dimension reduction algorithm is proposed to obtain more accurate inter-particle spacing. Furthermore, dislocation-particle interaction …

High Shear Stress Reduces Erg Causing Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition And Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Tsutomu Shinohara, Jan-Renier Moonen, Yoon Hong Chun, Yannick C. Lee-Yow, Kenichi Okamura, Jason M. Szafron, Jordan Kaplan, Aiqin Cao, Lingli Wang, Weiguang Yang

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Computational modeling indicated that pathological high shear stress (HSS; 100 dyn/cm2) is generated in pulmonary arteries (PAs; 100-500 µm) in congenital heart defects causing PA hypertension (PAH) and in idiopathic PAH with occlusive vascular remodeling. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a feature of PAH. We hypothesize that HSS induces EndMT, contributing to the initiation and progression of PAH.

Methods: We used the Ibidi perfusion system to determine whether HSS applied to human PA endothelial cells (ECs) induces EndMT when compared with physiological laminar shear stress (15 dyn/cm2). The mechanism was investigated and targeted to prevent PAH in a mouse with …

Effect Of Mg–Nb Oxides On Hydrogen Sorption Kinetics Of Ball-Milled Mgh2, Md. Wasikur Rahman, Muhammad Nurunnabi Siddiquee, Mohammad M. Hossain, M. Jasim Uddin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Addition of Mg–Nb oxides (e.g. MgNb₂O₆, Mg₄Nb₂O₉, and Mg₃Nb₆O₁₁) ameliorates H₂ absorption/desorption kinetics of MgH₂ as demonstrated in the current article. H₂ desorption and absorption rates of the ball-milled MgH₂ are evidently temperature-dependent, which points out that the prior rate increases with increasing temperature (593–673 K) and vice versa. Among the tested samples, MgH₂ with Mg₃Nb₆O₁₁ nanoparticles showed superior performance. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation was employed to construct H₂ desorption curves as well as …

Introduction To The Special Issue On Verification And Validation Of Source And Propagation Models For Underwater Sounda), Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, Klaus Lucke, Michael A. Ainslie, Michele B. Halvorsen, Christ A. F. De Jong, Stanley J. Labak, Martin Siderius

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This joint Special Issue of JASA and JASA Express Letters focuses on underwater sound source and propagation modelling, both of ambient sound as well as sources of relevance to possible effects of sound on aquatic life, and corresponding acoustical metrics. Combining information on the sound field with information on a dose-effect relationship enables estimation of the potential effects. The Special Issue presents a collection of eighteen articles on the following topics: (1) verification of source and propagation models, (2) validation of source and propagation models, and (3) bioacoustical metrics for assessment of the risk of environmental effects. This special issue …

Development Of A Basilar Membrane-Inspired Mechanical Spectrum Analyzer Using Metastructures For Enhanced Frequency Selectivity, Shantanu H. Chavan, Vijaya Venkata Narasimha Sriram Malladi

Michigan Tech Publications

This study introduces a mechanical spectrum analyzer (MSA) inspired by the tonotopic organization of the basilar membrane (BM), designed to achieve two critical features. First, it replicates the traveling-wave behavior of the BM, characterized by energy dissipation without reflections at the boundaries. Second, it enables the physical encoding of the wave energy into distinct spectral components. Moving beyond the conventional focus on metamaterial design, this research investigates wave propagation behavior and energy dissipation within metastructures, with particular attention to how individual unit cells absorb energy. To achieve these objectives, a metastructural design methodology is employed. Experimental characterization of metastructure samples …

Co2 Electrolysis Using Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Cells With Infiltrated Pr0.5Sr0.4Mn0.2Fe0.8O3−Δ Catalyst, Boxun Hu, Ka-Young Park, Asia Sarycheva, Robert Kostecki, Fanglin Chen, Michael C. Tucker

Faculty Publications

Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to CO is demonstrated with symmetric-structured metal supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOC). Perovskite Pr_0.5Sr_0.4Mn_0.2Fe0.8O_3−δ (PSMF) and Pr₆O₁₁ catalysts were infiltrated into the MS-SOC cathode and anode, using 3 cycles with firing at 850 °C and 8 cycles with firing at 800 °C, respectively. Upon reduction during operation, the perovskite PSMF was transformed to Ruddlesden–Popper structure with a highly efficient electrocatalytic activity. The impact of operating temperature (600–800 °C) and overpotential (0–1.8 V) on the CO₂ conversion was investigated. The highest CO₂ conversion …

Stabilizing A Bio-Inspired Rotating Empennage Fighter Aircraft In Multiple Trim Scenarios, Benjamin C. Moulton, Matthew W. Harris, Douglas F. Hunsaker

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Student Publications and Presentations

This paper considers the problem of stabilizing a bio-inspired fighter aircraft at its Air Combat Maneuver Condition in steady level and coordinated-turning flight. The aircraft equations of motion are linearized, and an infinite-horizon linear quadratic regulator design is conducted. The open-loop system is unstable in the short period and Dutch roll modes. This is mitigated in the closed-loop system, which is analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Included in the simulation dynamics are first-order actuator models, actuator deflection limits, and actuator rate limits. These are particularly important for this bio-inspired aircraft because control actuation requires rotation of the empennage, …

System Dynamics For Manufacturing: Supply Chain Simulation Of Hemp-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufacturing For Sustainability, Gurinder Kaur, Ronald Kander

School of Design and Engineering Papers

Supply chain management (SCM) involves complexities and uncertainties in the flow of goods and services from raw materials to end users. Inaccurate estimation of raw materials, labor, or equipment can lead to financial losses and environmental impacts. This study explores the application of system dynamics modeling (SDM) in manufacturing hemp-reinforced polymer composites (HRPC) to optimize resource usage. Using SDM software STELLA^® (Version 3.7.3), selected for its affordability and features, the research demonstrates how system dynamics (SD) can enhance sustainability by minimizing materials, labor, and equipment, reducing energy consumption. A literature review identified a gap in existing research, as we …

Optimization And Dft Study For Boosted Electooxidation Of Formic Acid At Niox Modified Pt Using Urea Derivatives As Blending Fuels, Aya Saada

Biochemical Engineering

This paper addresses the enhancement of formic acid electrooxidation (FAO) at Pt and Pt-NiOx nanoparticles based-catalysts assisted with urea derivatives as blending fuels. Blending formic acid with various ratios of urea derivatives showed noticeable enhancements of FAO as demonstrated by a favorable negative shift of its onset potential (Eonset) and increase of its peak current density concurrently with suppression of the amount of CO poisoning reaction intermediate. Among all the used derivatives, phenyl urea (PU) showed superior enhancing effect towards the direct FAO with a minimal CO formation together with a favorable negative shift of Eonset by 150 mV. The …

Influence Of Process Parameter And Build Rate Variations On Defect Formation In Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ss316l, Tasrif Ul Anwar, Patrick Merighe, Rahul Reddy Kancharla, Boopathy Kombaiah, Nadia Kouraytem

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Student Publications and Presentations

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing process that has gained interest for its material fabrication due to multiple advantages, such as the ability to print parts with small feature sizes, good mechanical properties, reduced material waste, etc. However, variations in the key process parameters in LPBF may result in the instantiation of porosity defects and variation in build rate. Particularly, volumetric energy density (VED) is a variable that encapsulates a number of those parameters and represents the amount of energy input from the laser source to the feedstock. VED has been traditionally used to inform the quality …

Circular Dichroism In Achiral Metasurfaces Induced By Spatially Selective Coupling With Molecules, Baojuan Han, Xiaodong Yang, Jie Gao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Achiral metasurfaces with near-field optical chirality have attracted great attention in molecular sensing and chiral emission control. Here, the circular dichroism (CD) response of an achiral metasurface induced by spatially selective coupling with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) molecules is demonstrated. A designed achiral metasurface with a V-shaped resonator exhibits large optical chirality with a strongly dissymmetric distribution under circular polarization. By introducing a PMMA molecule layer on top of the metasurface, which covers the area with large optical chirality, CD in absorption of 0.38 and a dissymmetric factor of optical chirality gc of 0.16 are obtained. Furthermore, an analysis of the …

Long-Range Inertia Prediction Considering Contemporary Evolution Of Power Grid Networks, Peter M. Makolo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Reduced network inertia due to high penetration levels of non-synchronous generators in modern power systems is becoming a pressing issue. As a result, very quick inertial responses are observed after contingency events in networks. Due to quick inertial responses, there is a practically very limited time interval for control actions in real-time. Thus, system operators need to understand the prior inertia values to plan, control, and operate the network securely. Long-range forecasting of the network's inertia values, in contrast to short-range forecasting techniques, can pinpoint when the network is most likely to be vulnerable in a reasonable time ahead. Thus, …

Direct Graphene Growth On Low-Alloy And Mild Steel Surfaces Controlled By Carbon Solubility And Surface Microstructural Transformations During Chemical Vapor Deposition, Kaleb Hood, Nam Nguyen, Sebastian Lara, Adan Velasquez, Samuel Olson, Yi Xia, Jun Jiao

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study demonstrates for the first time, graphene grown directly on the iron-rich surfaces of bulk 8620 low-alloy and 1018 mild steel by chemical vapor deposition, a key step toward developing thin graphene coatings with strong graphene-steel bonding. Low growth temperatures of 660 °C–680 °C, were used to manipulate the steel's carbon solubility, confining carbon diffusion and microstructural transformations to the surface regions, with the bulk relatively unchanged. For 1018, a growth temperature of 680 °C resulted in a multilayer graphene coating with 80 % coverage. The alloying elements in 8620 improved graphene formation by influencing the surface microstructure transformations …

Identifying The Effect Of Architecture Morphology On Wind Fields And Pm2.5 Dispersion At The Urban Block Scale Via A Combined Scheme, Bin Guo, Lu Li, Xiaowei Zhu, Zheng Wang, Miaoyi Chen, Lin Pei, Tengyue Guo

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explores the potential of architecture morphology to mitigate PM2.5 pollution through enhanced urban ventilation. Despite the recognized influence of building designs on wind and air pollution distribution at the urban block scale, specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we have developed an integrative approach combining in-situ observations, Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and statistical modeling. Here, CFD simulates the flow field and PM2.5 dispersion, using in-situ observations for turbulence model selection. GIS quantify architecture morphology parameters to establish accurate CFD boundary conditions, ensuring simulations reflect real-world conditions and precise …

Advancing Prosthetic Technology: 3d-Printed Robotic Arm With Micro Linear Actuators, Vu Tran, Nathan Reed, Mahdi Yazdanpour

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The increasing demand for affordable and accessible prosthetic solutions has driven innovation in the field of robotics. In this project, we present the design and development of a 3D-printed robotic prosthetic arm aimed at addressing the challenges faced by individuals with upper limb amputations. Our prosthetic arm utilizes five micro linear actuators to achieve precise and naturalistic movement. The design of the prosthetic arm prioritizes affordability and accessibility, with a focus on leveraging 3D printing technology to reduce manufacturing costs and enable customization. The use of micro linear actuators offers advantages in terms of compactness, lightweight construction, and efficient power …

Sno2 Modified Csh2Po4 (Cdp) Protonic Electrolyte For An Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump, Minal Gupta, Kangkang Zhang, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

CsH₂PO₄ (CDP) is a well-known super-protonic conductor. However, it must operate under high humidity conditions to prevent dehydration and fast conductivity decay. Herein, we report that adding hydrophilic SnO₂ into CDP can suppress the rate of dehydration of CDP, thus stabilizing protonic conductivity over a broader range of water partial pressures (pH₂O). A total of seven compositions of (1 − x)CDP/(x)SnO₂ were prepared, where 5 ≤ x ≤ 40 (wt%), and examined for their phasal, microstructural, and vibrational properties using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and …

Sno2 Modified Csh2Po4 (Cdp) Protonic Electrolyte For An Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump, Minal Gupta, Kangkang Zhang, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

CsH₂PO₄ (CDP) is a well-known super-protonic conductor. However, it must operate under high humidity conditions to prevent dehydration and fast conductivity decay. Herein, we report that adding hydrophilic SnO2 into CDP can suppress the rate of dehydration of CDP, thus stabilizing protonic conductivity over a broader range of water partial pressures (pH2O). A total of seven compositions of (1 - x)CDP/(x)SnO₂ were prepared, where 5 ≤ x ≤ 40 (wt%), and examined for their phasal, microstructural, and vibrational properties using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The signature of H₂O …

Effects Of Processing Parameters On Kerf Cutting Quality Following Abrasive Waterjet Slotting Of Ti-6al-4v/Cfrp/Al7075 Stacks, Abeer Eisa, Abdulaziz Elshinawi, Mohamed Fattouh

Journal of Engineering Research

Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) presents a viable substitute to traditional machining methods for cutting straight kerfs in Ti-6Al-4V/CFRP/Al7075 composite stacks. This study investigated the influences of various process settings, namely the hydraulic pressure (P), traverse speed (V), and stand-off distance (SOD) on kerf characteristics, including the kerf geometry (W_k), taper angle (θ_K), roughness (R_a), and the material removal (MRR). The metal plates, including Ti-6Al-4V and Al7075, exhibited a positive taper angle, whereas the CFRP composite plate revealed a negative taper angle across …

Enhancing Efficiency In Cyclone Separators: Insights From Triangular Finned Structures And Fluid Dynamics Analysis, Ibrahim M. Mohamed, Yasser El-Shaer, Khairy Elsayed, Mohamed Aly Ibrahim

Journal of Engineering Research

Cyclone separators play a pivotal role in removing particulate matter from gas streams. These elegant devices find applications across diverse industries, including cement production, petroleum refineries, and food processing. This computational study focuses on the effects of adding fined surfaces to the cylindrical part of cyclone separators on the flow field and the performance parameters. Different fins are used at different depths, namely, 0.004 m, 0.008 m, 0.01 m, different pitches, namely, 0.025 m, 0.04 m, 0.05 m and different helix lengths, namely, 0.2 m, 0.25 m, 0.3 m. The results indicated that optimal fin adhesion reduces the pressure drop, …

Effect Of Dual-Fuelled Cng And Gasoline On Spark Ignition Engine Performance And Emissions Behaviors At Different Loads, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., M.M. Bassuoni Prof. Dr., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Saied I. Haiba Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

Engine emissions are one of numerous factors that have detrimentally affected the environment, such as global warming, which is the result of growing exhaust gases, practically carbon dioxide (CO2). These emissions have substantially influenced researchers to develop strategic initiatives to minimize the carbon contents of fuels. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of internal combustion (SI) engines fueled by gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) blends. The experiments are performed using a HONDA 4-stroke, single-cylinder, and air-cooled SI engine. Five CNG concentrations are evaluated, the concentrations range from 0.5 to 2.5 L/min with a 0.5 L/min …

Evaluating Energy Efficiency And Thermal Performance In Egypt’S Social Housing: Climate-Responsive Design And Material Impact In Hot Desert Environments, Ahmed M. Hanafi, Mohamed A. Moawed, Osama E. Abdullatif

Journal of Engineering Research

As Egypt's urban areas expand rapidly, the demand for energy-efficient, affordable housing in extreme hot desert climates has become increasingly urgent. This study investigates the energy efficiency and thermal performance of Egypt’s Social Housing Project, with a focus on residential building in New Aswan City, where summer temperatures frequently exceed 45°C. Employing a validated energy model, this research simulates annual energy consumption for the building, which comprises 24 residential units, each approximately 86 m². The model integrates realistic occupancy schedules, region-specific weather data, and common household behavior patterns to closely reflect actual energy usage. Findings indicate a high alignment between …

Heavy Metals Pollution In Roadside Ecosystems, Lilian Matafu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Heavy metals refer to metallic elements that are characterized by having a relatively high density and they are toxic or poisonous even at low concentration. They are environmental pollutant owing to toxicity and longevity in atmosphere and ability to accumulate in living things via bioaccumulation. They tend to enter in different system such as food chain. Analyses of water, soil sediment and the surrounding growing plants (Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus species) for selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) were conducted on a roadside pond located at Boko MSB, Dar es Salaam. Pond water, soil sediments and plant samples …

A Bibliometric Analysis Of Pat-Seig Evolution As An Alternative Energy Generation Method, Emanuel J. Nyirenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Pumps as Turbines (PATs) coupled with Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIGs) as an alternative energy generation method have been the subject of significant research in recent years. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the evolution of PAT-SEIG technology as an alternative energy generation source. An analysis of a comprehensive dataset of peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and patents related to PAT-SEIG systems, using advanced bibliometric techniques and PRISMA to identify key research themes, influential authors, the growth of the field and patterns of collaboration, and changes in research focus over time. Over a publication period of 32 years, a total …

Assessment Of Wind Speed Characteristics And Available Wind Power Potential For Electricity Generation In Tanzania, Mwingereza John Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The energy demand and its associated crises are attracting significant attention due to population increase and economic growth especially in developing countries. Fossil fuel-based energy source stand as a prominent anthropogenic resource but they are accompanied with increased carbon emissions and heightened environmental concerns. Renewable energy sources such as wind energy can offers a lot of potential for sustainable growth in the energy sector of developing nations like Tanzania. Thus, this work investigated wind speed characteristics and available wind power potential in six selected regions in Tanzania with different topographical features for future electricity generation. The data of the wind …

Effects Of Thermal Shock Protection Methods On Pressure Measurements In A Rapid Compression Machine, Myeji Materego

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The study investigates the impact of thermal shock protection methods on pressure measurements in Rapid Compression Machines (RCMs). It focuses on the performance of various pressure transducers, specifically 601A, 701A, 6061B, and 7005, under atmospheric initial conditions. The research emphasizes the importance of mounting techniques and coatings, revealing their significant effects on pressure trace accuracy. Special mounting adaptors for the pressure transducers were designed and manufactured, this enabled simultaneous measurements for all transducers to be made in a single compression stroke. Instantaneous pressure within combustion chamber was measured when air was compressed in RCM from initial pressure and temperatures of …

Design And Implementation Of Secured Hybrid Gateway Node For Securing Iot - Enabled Distribution Automation, Ally Bitebo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The integration of smart grid and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of services provided by traditional electrical grids. This combination has enabled the introduction of new services, such as demand response, automatic meter reading, and IoT-enabled Distribution Automation (IoT-DA), which incorporates sensors, actuators, intelligent electrical devices (IEDs), and information and communication technologies to monitor and control the grid. However, this integration also introduces network security risks, including Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, false data injection, and masquerading attacks, such as system node impersonation that can transmit incorrect readings, trigger false alarms, and …

Effects Of Technical Debt On Software Interoperability, Leonard Peter Binamungu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Technical debt (TD) refers to sub-optimal development decisions that make the software costly to maintain and evolve. Examples of TD include structural complexity, violation of coding styles, and code complexity. Existing research has investigated the nature, causes and indicators of TD, as well as tools and strategies for managing TD. However, although TD could hinder the ability of a software system to be interoperable with others, existing literature has limited evidence on how TD affects systems interoperability. This limits the ability of software engineering teams to manage TD in ways that do not hinder systems interoperability. To fill this void, …