Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Characteristics Of Liquid Products From Spirulina Platensis Pyrolysis Under Microwave Irradiation With Activated Carbon Additive, Mohammad Mirza Yuniar Romaz, Sukarni Sukarni, Retno Wulandari

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Global energy consumption has surged due to the population's rapid growth, leading to a switch to using renewable and clean energy. Among various strategies for developing renewable and clean energy, biomass pyrolysis emerged as attractive, and microwave irradiation pyrolysis is a prominent technique. This research aims to determine the ideal parameters for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis (SP) microalgae in order to produce high-value liquid products with the addition of activated carbon (AC) additives. Liquid bio-oil products were characterized concerning their calorific value, chemical bonds, and thermal stability. This research also investigates product distribution as a function of AC loading. …

Optimization Of The Number Of Cylinder Blades In Coffee Pulper Machine: Finite Element Analysis And Simple Additive Weighting Methods, Mochamad Rifki Syahriza, Dwi Djumhariyanto, Nasrul Ilminnafik, Mahros Darsin, Danang Yudistiro, Hari Arbiantara Basuki, Robertoes Koekoeh Koentjoro Wibowo, Ahmad Syuhri, Sumarji Sumarji

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The increasing interest in coffee in all circles means that coffee production and quality must always increase due to consumer demands. One way to maintain the quality of coffee beans is by breaking them down using a huller machine. This research aims to improve the optimization of coffee machines by modifying the cylinder blades of huller machines with variations of 3, 4, 5, and 7 cylinder blades in terms of static loading design and quality and production capacity of coffee bean breaking. The experiment was carried out using 400 rpm and breaking 10kg of dry coffee cherries every time the …

Simulation-Based Methodology To Investigate The Impact Of Material Type And Compressive Speed Variation On Effective Strain Rate And Springback, Radhi Nurvian Amrullah, Syamsul Hadi, Muhammad Akhlis Rizza

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

To obtain the desired results in the manufacturing process, especially the bending process, the occurrence of springback must be reduced. The effective strain rate must be increased to predict the increase in material. This study uses a simulation method to determine the influence of material type and compressive speed variation on spring back and effective strain rate. This study uses 3 kinds of materials: JIS SPHD, JIS A1100 BE, and JIS SN400A, and speed variations, namely: 90 mm/s, 105 mm/s, and 120 mm/s. This study shows that JIS SN400A material has the smallest springback value compared to JIS A1100 BE …

Turbine Engine Reliability Analysis Using Reliability Availability Maintainability (Ram), Oyong Novareza, Zefry Darmawan, Nasir Widha Setyanto, Effendi Bin Mohamad

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Electrical energy is a vital necessity characterized by ever-increasing electricity consumption. The most dominating power plant in Indonesia in supplying electricity is the steam power plant, which is 50%. In its implementation, there is damage that occurs where the highest damage is to the general unit with the highest damage to the turbine unit. Therefore, the author uses the reliability, availability, and maintainability method or RAM. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of RAM on the turbine system at PLN and provide recommendations for improvements to system performance. The results showed that the MTTF and MTTR …

Innovative Approaches For Improving Orc Performance: A Review Of Pure Fluids, Zeotropic Mixtures, And Nanoparticles, Ebenezer Kumi, Vasudevarao Veeredhi, Christopher Enweremad

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Although the organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is said to effectively capture low-grade heat, its commercialization has been limited because of working fluid constraints and inefficiencies resulting from operating at low temperatures. This study reviews the working fluids used in organic Rankine cycles and examines how nanoparticles could enhance the efficiency of the ORC, by enhancing the thermophysical properties of the working fluids. Results from this review showed that zeotropic mixtures of pure fluids, provide a viable approach to improving the thermophysical characteristics of organic working fluids and have the potential to achieve thermo-economic performance superior to that of individual pure …

Innovations In Additive Manufacturing For Socket Fabrication: An Overview, Linda Ziyadatul Faiza, Wahyu Caesarendra, Wahyu Dwi Lestari

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has transformed the prosthetics industry, particularly in socket production, which plays a critical role in the comfort, fit, and functionality of prosthetic limbs. This article examines the latest advancements in AM technologies and their applications in socket fabrication. Key techniques like stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have facilitated the production of highly personalized, lightweight, and durable prosthetic sockets. These methods not only improve design precision but also allow for the use of biocompatible, flexible materials, enhancing both comfort and functionality. Digital design tools have streamlined the production process, reducing lead times …

Structural Simulation Of Wheelchair Ramp Using Finite Element Method, Bhre Wangsa Lenggana, Agung Nugroho, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Wheelchairs are essential mobility aids for people with disabilities, but they are often limited to flat surfaces and cannot overcome height differences. Portable ramps are an effective solution to overcome this limitation. This research aims to simulate and analyze the structure of a portable ramp for wheelchairs. Simulations were conducted using finite element method analysis software to assess the portable ramp's von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factor in various loading positions. Finite element method (FEM) analysis software was utilized to evaluate key mechanical properties, including von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factor, under different loading conditions and positions. The …

Analysis Of Biomass Briquette Mixed Bagasse And Sugarcane Peel On The Performance Of Forced Top-Lit Updraft Gasifier Stove, Intan Hardiatama, Aron Enruico, Yuni Hermawan, Muhammad Trifiananto, Skriptyan N.H. Syuhri

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The population growth in Indonesia from 270 million in 2020 to 279 million in 2024 has increased LPG consumption, potentially leading to future fuel shortages. The top-lit updraft (TLUD) gasifier stove using renewable biomass materials, offers a sustainable alternative. Biomass such as bagasse and sugarcane peel can be optimized into charcoal briquettes with high calorific value and low emissions. The calorific value of briquettes can be further enhanced by blending other high–calorific biomass materials. This experimental research focuses on testing the calorific value of raw bagasse and sugarcane peel before carbonization, as well as briquette mixtures (70:30, 50:50, 30:70) using …

Characterization And Performance Nanofiltration Membranes In Water Quality For Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) Aquaculture, Inpita Casuarina Eqisetia Utari, Uun Yanuhar, Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika, Heru Suryanto, Jibril Maulana, Nico Rahman Caesar, Mahrus Ismail, Leong-Seng Lim

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Water quality is an important factor in aquaculture activities, including goldfish (Carassius auratus) farming. One approach to improving water quality is the use of nanofilters. This study aims to evaluate the performance of nanofilters made from Sargassum sp. with the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles. The method used involves the fermentation of bacterial cellulose from Acetobacter xylinum using Sargassum sp. extract as a medium, followed by homogenization and the addition of CuO-NPs at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, and subsequent oven drying. The nanofilter membrane will then be analyzed using SEM, XRD, and FTIR to characterize its properties. Performance …

The Potential Of Ramie Fiber As Reinforcement In Calcium Carbonate-Filled Polyester Resin Matrix Composites For Roofing Applications, Reinaldo Reinaldo, Djoko Setyanto

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Polymer matrix composite roofing materials available in the Indonesian market typically consist of 30%wt chopped strand mat glass fiber embedded in unsaturated polyester resin, filled with 30 parts per hundred resin (PHR) calcium carbonate. The aim of this research is to evaluate whether natural ramie fibers can potentially replace glass fibers. In the first stage of the study, we compared three types of natural fibers abundant in Indonesia: banana stem fibers, sugarcane bagasse, and ramie. Showed that ramie fiber performed the best. Its flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact toughness were the highest, measured at 191.57 MPa, 6691 MPa, and …

Captivating Combustion Traits Of Bio-Oil Droplets Enriched With Bio-Additives From The Areca Shell Waste, Muhammad Alif Raehan, Helen Riupassa, Hendry Y. Nanlohy

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Fuel derived from crude vegetable oil, such as coconut oil, holds promise as an alternative energy source to mitigate the increasing reliance on fossil fuels driven by population growth and industrial activities. The experiment involved suspending a single droplet of crude coconut oil mixed with activated carbon from areca shell waste and placed at the junction on R-type thermocouple (Pt/Pt-Rh13%). The droplets were ignited using a hot wire and subjected to atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Coconut oil comprises a saturated triglyceride carbon chain compound of approximately 91%, and areca shell waste possesses a porous structure that fosters favorable interactions …

Characterization Of Hydroxyapatite Derived From Scallop Shell Waste Synthesized By Sonochemical Method With Different Temperature Calcination, Diki Dwi Pramono, Poppy Puspitasari, Aminnudin Aminnudin, Jeefferie Abd Razak

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

One common bio-ceramic material used in the biomedical industry is hydroxyapatite. Because of its crystallographic and molecular resemblance to the hard tissues of the human body, hydroxyapatite is thought to form. Scallop shells are one natural source of hydroxyapatite, which is high in calcium. This study examines how the calcination temperature affects the characteristics of hydroxyapatite made from leftover scallop shell. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized via the sonochemical method, with calcination conducted at temperatures of 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. The hydroxyapatite that was prepared was assessed using Xray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phase and crystallite size, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) …

The Role Of Banana Peel Surface Pores Through Increasing Temperature For Efficient Hydrogen Production, Abid Fahreza Alphanoda, Erlanda Augupta Pane, Agus Riyanto, Avita Ayu Permanasari

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Porous carbon derived from banana peel has been synthesized by increasing the temperature range variation from 180 oC - 270 oC. The prepared carbon was tested in an experiment using double-chamber photoelectrochemistry to see the results of hydrogen production. SEM-EDX, FTIR, and TGA analyses identified all banana peel carbons. Optical and electrochemical properties were analyzed and measured by UV-Vis, Tauc Relationship, and Pearson Absolute Electronegativity. The amount of hydrogen gas produced from the simulation of UV-A visible light irradiation on variations of BP-240, BP-210, BP-180, and BPNatural. The surface of BP-270 has more pores and can produce the most significant …

Impact Of Natural Polymer Proportions On The Fire-Retardant Properties Of Bioplastics, I Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa, Ni Made Dwidiani, I Gusti Ngurah Putu Tenaya, I Gede Artha Negara

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

This research investigates the influence of varying proportions of natural polymers on the fire-retardant properties of bioplastic. Tapioca starch (Manihot esculenta) and corn starch (Zea mays) were selected as the bioplastic materials, with different weight fractions employed in the analysis. These materials, as naturally occurring polymers, are biodegradable and serve as promising components in the development of bioplastics. Fire resistance testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM D635-03, utilizing weight ratios of tapioca to corn starch at 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The results included photographic documentation of each specimen alongside the corresponding outcomes from the fire resistance tests. These images …

Analysis Of Titanium Mesh Ti6al4v Formation Using Die Press Forming Machine For Cranioplasty, Ahmad Ayyub Syaiful Rizal, Mahros Darsin, Robertoes Koekoeh K. Wibowo, Khairul Anam

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Cranioplasty is required for patients with head defects, where the deformed part of the head is replaced with Ti6Al4V titanium wire implants. The titanium wire forming process is usually done manually, which can take a long time and give results that do not match the anatomical shape of the head. Therefore, it is important to develop domestic technology that can produce titanium wire automatically. This study aims to analyze the frame and mold of the automatic wire mesh molding machine before production. The tool is made using press forming method and finite element analysis with ANSYS software. The machine frame …

The Effect Of Mixing Time And Rotation Speed On The Consistency Of Dough Viscosity In A Horizontal Mixer, Muhammad Akhlis Rizza, Ekky Yovianto Dharsono, Anggit Murdani, Ratna Monasari, Radhi Nurvian Amrullah, Supa Kusuma Aji, Dian Noorvy Khaerudin

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Cassava must go through several manufacturing processes before it becomes chips on the market, including the process of stirring the dough. The stirring process is an important stage in various food industries. In the stirring process, the viscosity change in the dough is influenced by various factors, including the stirring process time and speed in stirring. Research on dough viscosity is important because it is directly related to the quality of the final product. The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations to users, both in the context of using horizontal mixers and the process of making similar products. …

Tactical Activities To Improve The Effectiveness Of Concrete Batching Plant Based On Overall Equipment Effectiveness Analysis, Yurida Ekawati, Iddo Christian Sutrisno, Teguh Oktiarso

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The growth of infrastructure projects has led to an increased demand for ready-mix concrete. A company that produces ready-mix concrete using a batching plant encountered difficulties in fulfilling customer orders due to the high rate of machine downtime. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) was employed to examine these issues at the tactical activities, where the root causes of losses that occur in the OEE components of availability, performance, and quality were addressed. The OEE analysis was extended to encompass maintenance effectiveness measures, as the anticipated solution to the problem was not the replacement of the machine, but rather an enhancement of …

Friction Modeling Of Composite Brake Pads With Ulin Wood Powder (Eusideroxylon Zwageri), Muhammad Rezki Fitri Putra, Hajar Isworo, Muhamad Noor Yasin, Rachmat Subagyo

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

This study investigates the performance of composite brake pads made of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) sawdust using simulation modeling, focusing on the pressure distribution, frictional stress, and contact state in five brake pad designs (DS0 to DS4). The brake pad designs used U-shaped grooves to improve cooling efficiency and debris removal. The results show that DS1 and DS2 exhibit the most uniform pressure distribution, with maximum values of 0.045 MPa and 0.048 MPa, respectively. DS1 recorded the highest peak frictional stress at 2.53 × 10-8 MPa, while DS2 showed consistent stress stability, reducing the possibility of uneven wear. DS3 achieved a …

The Influence Of Sodium Chloride Treatment On The Sisal Fiber Bundle’S Properties, Tamaryska Setyayunita, Heru Suryanto, Aminnudin Aminnudin

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Currently, composite board manufacturing using natural fiber has the potential to be expanded due to environmental awareness. To produce high-performance natural fiber, treatment is needed to improve natural fiber’s mechanical and physical properties. One of chemical treatments is by using sodium chloride (NaCl). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of sisal fiber after NaCl treatment. The concentrations of NaCl treatment were 1, 3, and 5 (wt.%) at room and boiling temperature and the soaking duration was 1 hour. Meanwhile, tensile strength, strain, and Young’s modulus were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties. Fiber bundle diameter, weight change due to …

Collaborative Robotics: Application Of Delphi Method, Jean-Marc Salotti, Ephraim Suhir

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the domain of collaborative robotics, it is often needed to make complex multiparametric choices or assessments that combine heterogeneous criteria, such as task performance, reliability, safety, and ergonomics. The Delphi method, a process of arriving at group consensus by providing experts with rounds of questionnaires, as well as the group response before each subsequent round, can be applied to solve this type of problems. The following Delphi method efforts are addressed in our analysis with application to finding appropriate criteria and their relative weights for the evaluation of the teleoperation task of a robotic platform: (1) Contribution of experts; …

Evaluating The Multi-Valued Bartlett Processor, Daniel Robert Frister

Dissertations and Theses

A variety of approaches exist to track targets in the ocean using acoustic sensors, and the complex mix of source characteristics, environmental effects, and sensor array limitations can make the selection of an appropriate algorithm challenging. This thesis models in simulation a recently proposed signal processing method that is intended for use with a large rectangular sensor array to track the bearings of multiple sources. The method, referred to as the Multi-Valued Bartlett (MVB) processor, is an eigenvector beamformer that leverages the capabilities of large arrays to locate in bearing multiple sources simultaneously. The analysis of this thesis details the …

Analysis, Design, And Experimental Validation Of The Thermal Subsystem Of Alainsat-1 Cubesat, Ameereh Seyedzadeh

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This thesis investigates the thermal management techniques of AlAinSat-1 during extremely harsh space conditions. It presents a comprehensive analysis of its thermal behavior using numerical techniques and validates the CubeSat's survivability in space via experimental testing. AlAinSat-1 is a nanocube-shaped satellite carrying Earth observation payloads, including RITA (Remote Sensing and Interference Detector with Radiometry and Vegetation Analysis) and Locana. Understanding how the CubeSat behaves in harsh space conditions and maintains thermal stability during its mission is critical to its success. The main aim of this study is to employ finite element analysis (FEA) techniques to simulate the thermal behavior of …

Impact Of Vaporization On Drop Aerobreakup, B. Boyd, S. Becker, Yue Stanley Ling

Faculty Publications

Aerodynamic breakup of vaporizing drops is commonly seen in many spray applications. While it is well known that vaporization can modulate interfacial instabilities, the impact of vaporization on drop aerobreakup is poorly understood. Detailed interface-resolved simulations were performed to systematically study the effect of vaporization, characterized by the Stefan number, on the drop breakup and acceleration for different Weber numbers and density ratios. It is observed that the resulting asymmetric vaporization rates and strengths of Stefan flow on the windward and leeward sides of the drop hinder bag development and prevent drop breakup. The critical Weber number thus generally increases …

Characterizing West Florida Shelf Reef Fish Communities Using A Scientific Echosounder, Edmund A. Hughes

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The advancement and application of non-invasive fisheries survey technologies, such as the scientific echosounder, have significantly enhanced our understanding of fish populations and their habitats, more recently in regions where traditional sampling methods are limited, such as complex reef habitats. This research, conducted as part of the Continental Shelf Characterization, Assessment, and Mapping Project (C-SCAMP) on the West Florida Shelf, leverages acoustic and visual technologies to investigate the distribution of fish densities, fish target strength and length relationships, and the relationship between seafloor topography and fish biomass distribution.

The first study compared reef fish densities estimated from near-concurrent acoustic (Simrad …

Design And Implementation Of Attitude Control System For Gnssas 6u Cubesat, Anoud Nasser Alkatheeri

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This thesis presents the design and simulation of the Attitude Control System (ACS) for the GNSSaS 6U CubeSat, developed by the National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) at UAE University. The CubeSat's mission is to enhance GNSS signal accuracy, which requires precise attitude control to achieve this objective. The ACS utilizes magnetorquers and reaction wheels for actuation. The primary objective of this thesis is to design an ACS that fulfills the mission’s performance requirements, including maintaining pointing accuracy in both fine and medium pointing modes. To achieve this, a comprehensive disturbance analysis was conducted, leading to the selection of …

Motivating Sustainability Through The State Of Biologically Inspired Design, Bryan Watson

Sustainability Conference

There are multiple arguements for sustainability, but one that resonates with environmentalists and the public alike is the need for preservation to all us to discovery natural solutions to our problems. Common examples often given include medical discoveries, unique mechanisms, and new materials. This presentation focuses on two ideas to motivate sustainability. First, what is the current state of biologically inspired design? Is there more to learn from nature? To answer these questions, recent research is presented which examined 660 Biologically Inspired Design samples from three data sources: Google Scholar, Google News, and the Asknature.org “Innovations” database. The data were …

Applications Of Computer Vision In Biomechanics And Orthopaedics, William Stewart Burton Ii

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Machine learning has emerged as a key technology for enabling advanced computer vision systems. These systems now permeate many industries, and have enhanced traditional processes through autonomous interpretation of visual data. In the field of orthopaedics, the increasing prevalence of imaging highlights a need for similar tools. In many cases, however, direct translation of available frameworks fails to resolve the complex problems currently facing this field. Stringent performance requirements, complex visual environments, data scarcity, and implications for patient safety represent domain-specific factors which pose unique challenges to proven techniques. Novel approaches are needed to realize the full benefits of visual …

Evaluating Diy Air Cleaner Variability And Potential For Post-Construction Emission Of Aromatic Vocs During Wildfire Events, Brett W. Stinson, Amity L. Deters, Elliott T. Gall

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

While do-it-yourself (DIY) air cleaners such as the Corsi-Rosenthal Box (CR Box) are an increasingly popular choice for low-cost, accessible air cleaning during a wildfire event, construction and performance variability remains a concern. Using the same set of instructions, materials, and location of assembly, seven CR Boxes are constructed by individuals with no prior DIY air cleaner experience and clean air delivery rates (CADRs) are experimentally determined for each of the devices. Against a challenge aerosol consisting of fresh smoke generated via pine needle combustion, average number-based, PM2.5 CR Box CADRs range from 313–396 m3/h (relative standard deviation = 7.6 …

Autonomous Driving Trajectory Prediction, Carlos Funes

Undergraduate Research Symposium Lightning Talks

Autonomous driving is undoubtedly one of the world's most revolutionary technologies, opening the door to a more secure traffic environment. This innovation has led to vehicles being able to drive by themselves without the necessity of a person behind the wheel, as well as cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and automatic emergency braking. Unfortunately, there is still plenty of work before autonomous driving becomes more popular among drivers. While at UNLV as an undergraduate student/research assistant, one of my goals is to learn how these technologies work to bring ideas into the automotive industry by refining solutions to problems within these …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Titanium And Vanadium Nitride–Carbon Composites, Helia Magali Morales, David A. Sanchez, Elizabeth M. Fletes, Michael Odlyzko, Victoria Padilla, Mataz Alcoutlabi, Jason Parsons

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Titanium nitride and vanadium nitride–carbon-based composite systems, TiN/C and VN/C, were prepared using a new synthesis method based on the thermal decomposition of titanyl tetraphenyl porphyrin (TiOTPP) and vanadyl tetraphenyl porphyrin (VOTPP), respectively. The structure of the TiN/C and VN/C composite materials, as well as their precursors, were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray energy dispersive (EDS) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphologies of the TiN/C and VN/C composites were examined by means of scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. The synthesis of the non-metalated tetraphenyl porphyrin, the titanium, and vanadium tetraphenyl porphyrin complexes …