Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Benign Ferroelastic Twin Boundaries In Halide Perovskites For Charge Carrier Transport And Recombination, Xun Xiao, Wenhao Li, Yanjun Fang, Ye Liu, Yuchuan Shao, Shuang Yang, Jingjing Zhao, Xuezeng Dai, Rashid Zia, Jinsong Huang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Grain boundaries have been established to impact charge transport, recombination and thus the power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskite thin film solar cells. As a special category of grain boundaries, ferroelastic twin boundaries have been recently discovered to exist in both CH3NH3PbI3 thin films and single crystals. However, their impact on the carrier transport and recombination in perovskites remains unexplored. Here, using the scanning photocurrent microscopy, we find that twin boundaries have negligible influence on the carrier transport across them. Photoluminescence (PL) imaging and the spatial-resolved PL intensity and lifetime scanning confirm the electronically benign nature of the twin …

Variations In Plantar Pressure Variables Across Elliptical Trainers In Older Adults, Judith M. Burnfield, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Thad W. Buster

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Ellipticals are used to address walking and cardiorespiratory training goals of older adults, some of whom are at risk for foot injuries. Variations in joint kinematics and muscle demands when using different ellipticals could lead to plantar pressure differences. This study explored plantar pressure variables during gait and use of four ellipticals.

Methods: Plantar pressures were recorded while 10 adults [68.1 (4.5) years] walked and used the True, Octane, Life Fitness, and SportsArt ellipticals. Repeated-measures ANOVAs (5 × 1) identified forefoot and heel differences across conditions.

Findings: Maximum forefoot forces and peak pressures were significantly lower than walking for …

Numerical Analyses And Integration Of Split Lot Sizing Using Lean Benchmark Model For Small Lot Manufacturing In High Mix Low Volume Production, Omkar Bhosale

Theses and Dissertations--Manufacturing Systems Engineering

As the global demand for automobiles has increased rapidly over the last fifty years, customers have become more particular about the characteristics of the autos they want. This change in demand, in part has pushed manufacturing to become more flexible and created a demand for alternative, more efficient processes like the High Mix Low Volume (HMLV) production of vehicles. During HMLV, manufacturers create production lot sizes and schedule to synchronize the production processes to meet customer demand on time. The demand for the automobile parts may not be uniform or parts may not be consumed by the customer immediately, Due …

Human-Skin-Inspired Adaptive Smart Textiles Capable Of Amplified Latent Heat Transfer For Thermal Comfort, Gunwoo Kim, Calvin Gardner, Kyuin Park, Ying Zhong, Sungho Jin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Thermally adaptive textiles (TATs) enable human subjects to attain thermal comfort without energy consumption, which can lead to enormous energy savings on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in buildings. Herein, TAT structures which respond to the sweat and generate pores by opening an array of flap-shaped pores patterned on the fabric surface are proposed. A moisture-driven self-actuator for flap opening by constructing a bilayer consisting of a hygroscopic layer using polyethylene glycol and cellulose acetate, and a hydrophobic polymer using a polyester type polymer, is used and successfully demonstrated an essentially instant 4 °C apparent temperature cooling performance within …

Collagen Production And Niche Engineering: A Novel Strategy For Cancer Cells To Survive Acidosis In Dcis And Evolve, Mehdi Damaghi, Hidetoshi Mori, Samantha Byrne, Liping Xu, Tingan Chen, Joseph Johnson, Nathan D. Gallant, Andriy Marusyk, Alexander D. Borowsky, Robert J. Gillies

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Growing tumors are dynamic and nonlinear ecosystems, wherein cancer cells adapt to their local microenvironment, and these adaptations further modify the environment, inducing more changes. From nascent intraductal neoplasms to disseminated metastatic disease, several levels of evolutionary adaptations and selections occur. Here, we focus on one example of such an adaptation mechanism, namely, “niche construction” promoted by adaptation to acidosis, which is a metabolic adaptation to the early harsh environment in intraductal neoplasms. The avascular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) make the periluminal volume profoundly acidic, and cancer cells must adapt to this to survive. Based on discovery …

Spontaneous Formation Of Sub-4 Nm Nanocrystalline Alloy Via Polymorphic Phase Transformation, Ying Zhong, Chunqing Wang, Jin Wang, Huiwen Ma, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Vladislav Paley, Zijian Weng, Sungho Jin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

A new phase-transformation-induced path to spontaneous formation of extreme nanograin structure is reported. In-situ-heating-mode-microscopy exhibited a substantial grain-growth of Cu6Sn5. During cooling, the grain-growth continued, but it spontaneously switched to grain-refinement mode on phase transformation through ∼180 °C from η-Cu6Sn5 to η’-Cu6Sn5, ending up with an extremely small nanograin size of ∼2.5 nm. The cooling cycling always restores the nanograin size regardless of thermal exposure history, making this to be the first demonstration to stabilize the nanograin with its own spontaneous behavior. The Young’s Modulus was significantly reduced by ∼×3, and the elongation was remarkably increased by …

Effects Of Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process Parameters On Material Removal Of Inconel 625 Tubes, Gurpreet Singh, Harish Kumar, Harmesh Kumar Kansal, Anil K. Srivastava

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

With technological developments in manufacturing fields, many advanced materials and alloys have been introduced to fulfill industrial requirements. One of such type of advanced materials, Inconel 625 possesses superior materialistic properties and finds number of industrial applications in Aerospace, Marine, Petro-chemical and Solar power stations etc. However, machining and finishing of Inconel 625 components are still remain difficult tasks to deals with. A recently developed finishing process: Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) process has been experimented to finish Inconel 625 surfaces but this process is not much effective to finish and machine Inconel 625 work surfaces. In present work, Chemically assisted …

A Hybrid Physical Model Based Artificial Neural Network Approach To Predict Surface Texture In The Honing Of Engine Cylinder Bore, Burhan Afzel, Xueping Zhang, Anil K. Srivastava

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

This study proposes a hybrid model that utilizes a physical model and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach to predict surface roughness during cylinder bore honing with an improved prediction efficiency of 90% compared to the standalone physical model. As a critical component of internal combustion engine technology, improvement in the surface roughness of cylinder bore can significantly reduce friction, wear and oil consumption, resulting in improved engine performance. Desired surface roughness in cylinder bore is imparted by honing, which serves as the terminal process in cylinder bore manufacturing. The cylinder bore honing process consists of rough honing, fine honing, and …

Generation Of Premix Laminar Flame Speed Library, Sai Prashanth Kumar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The Laminar flame speed is an essential parameter in measuring turbulent premixed combustion applied in Spark ignition engines. Instead of using power-law correlations, which is valid only for particular ranges, the procedure for generating a premixed laminar flame speed library is defined using MTU – Master mechanism for a wide range of charge mixture conditions inside an engine combustion chamber: Temperature (300 – 700 K), Pressure (1 – 70 bar) and reactant mixture composition of equivalence ratio (0.4 – 2.0) Laminar flame speed library is generated for methane. The mechanism's performance was improved by adjusting the pre-exponential factor of the …

Active Noise Control Using Carbon Nanotube Thermophones: Case Study For An Automotive Hvac Application, Walker H. Nelson

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The goal of this project was to reduce the overall noise levels emitted by the HVAC components in a vehicle’s cabin. More specifically, the feasibility of achieving this goal using two key technologies was investigated.

The first of these technologies, Active Noise Control (ANC), is a noise attenuation technique that relies on destructive interference that “cancels” unwanted noise. Typically used in situations where physical constraints prevent passive attenuation techniques from being used, ANC is known for its high size-to-effectiveness ratio. This benefit cannot be gained without a cost however; the complexity of ANC systems is significantly higher than their passive …

Development Of An Eco Approach And Departure Application To Improve Energy Consumption Of A Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle In Charge Depleting Mode, Brandon Narodzonek

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

A recent study at Michigan Technological University as part of the NEXTCAR DOE APRA-E Project was conducted to determine the potential energy savings of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) equipped with various Connected and Automated Vehicle (CAV) Technologies. One aspect of this study focused on the development of an Eco Approach and Departure (Eco AnD) Application that would further reduce the energy consumed around a signalized intersection.

Many modern intersections are equipped with traffic signals that can broadcast Basic Safety (BSM), MAP, and Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) message sets that contain intersection ID, location, current phase, and cyclic …

Contact Mechanics Of Fish Scale Inspired Exoskeletal Components On A Nonlinear Elastic Substrate, Jeremy Stephen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The contact mechanics of structures with exoskeletal components deviate significantly from classical Hertzian and non-linear models. In the case of fish scale inspired samples under blunt indentation loading these factors are inherently tied to both the size of the indenter and the scales' distribution and orientation. Control of these geometric parameters provides a pathway to tailor the properties of surfaces for better grip, damage mitigation and controlled deformation. This study explores the response of a substrate with stiff scales protruding from its surface, which is comprised of a soft elastomeric material with properties typical of those in soft robotics applications. …

Primal-Dual 2-Approximation Algorithm For The Monotonic Multiple Depot Heterogeneous Traveling Salesman Problem, S. Rathinam, R. Ravi, J. Bae, K. Sundar

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

We study a Multiple Depot Heterogeneous Traveling Salesman Problem (MDHTSP) where the cost of the traveling between any two targets depends on the type of the vehicle. The travel costs are assumed to be symmetric, satisfy the triangle inequality, and are monotonic, i.e., the travel costs between any two targets monotonically increases with the index of the vehicles. Exploiting the monotonic structure of the travel costs, we present a 2-approximation algorithm based on the primal-dual method.

Agile Stage-Gate Management (Asgm) For Physical Products, John J. Salvato, Andre O. Laplume

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

We present a qualitative study of Agile Stage-Gate Management (ASGM),: a hybrid new product development methodology that combines Agile and Stage-Gate Management (SGM) approaches for the coordination of new product development. When applied to software projects, Agile is expected to deliver reduced development times, improved resource utilization, and greater financial success. We examine whether ASGM practitioners realize similar outcomes in a sample of global firms developing complex electro-mechanical products (e.g., automobile components, railway propulsion systems, and medical devices). Our grounded theory approach articulates an understanding of ASGM through extensive interviews of experienced professionals. Our thematic analysis supports many expected benefits …

Evaluation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Germanium-On-Insulator (Geoi) Films By Raman Spectroscopy And Nanoindentation, Y.S. Mohammed, Kai Zhang, S. Heissler, H. Baumgart, A. A. Elmustafa

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) films fabricated using the Smart Cut™ wafer bonding and film exfoliation technology were investigated for the mechanical properties and induced phase transformations by using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy experiments. The hardness and modulus results of the GeOI films are significantly different from the literature published Silicon-on-Insulator and bulk germanium results. The GeOI films are softer and more flexible as compared to bulk Ge hardness and stiffness properties. The Raman spectroscopy of the spherical indents indicates bands of metastable Ge phases @ 220 cm⁻¹, 195 cm⁻¹, and 184 cm⁻¹ wavenumbers. Our results demonstrate that …

A Cfd Study Investigating Drag Reduction For Different Offset And Inline Distance For Two Trucks Platooning, Wael Mokhtar, Kyle Dinger, Shardul Kachare, Mdrazib Hossain, Colin Britcher

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The automotive industry invests huge resources to improve fuel consumption of commercial vehicles by improving their aerodynamic efficiency. Recently, numerous studies investigating the effect of platooning on aerodynamic drag of semi-trucks have been performed by researchers indicating a positive impact. For the present study, a three-dimensional computational study was performed to investigate the effect of varying offset and linear distance during platooning on the total drag of two semi-trucks. The study was conducted on a full-scale model using Reynold’s Averaged Navier-Strokes governing equations for a moving ground simulation using the STAR-CCM+ computational package. Furthermore, for turbulence, the standard k- …

Development Of An Anatomically And Electrically Conductive Brain Phantom For Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Hamzah A. Magsood

Theses and Dissertations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for diagnostics, prognostic, and treatments of various neurological diseases. However, the lack of anatomically realistic brain phantoms has made the experimental verification of stimulation strength in the form of induced electric fields/voltages in the brain tissues an impediment to developing new TMS coils, stimulators, and treatment protocols. There are significant technological, safety, and ethical limitations to test the potential TMS treatment procedures or develop enhancements and refine them on humans or animals. This work aims to bridge the gap by introducing and developing an innovative manufacturing and fabrications process to produce a …

Development Of A Single Use Device Intended To Wash Blood Clot Debris From A Stent Retriever In The Operating Room, Shane Diller

Theses and Dissertations

Ischemic stroke is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate surgical intervention to remove the blood clot that is lodged in the blood vessels of the brain. Mechanical thrombectomy, performed by an endovascular surgeon, involves inserting a stent retriever, which deploys distally and attempts to capture the clot when dragged backwards. A complication prevalent in 50% - 67% of cases is that the blood clot is only partially removed and clings to the mesh framework of the stent. The operating surgeon must either clean the debris from the stent retriever, to be reinserted or throw the stent retriever away and open …

Exploring Strategies For Adapting Traditional Vehicle Design Frameworks To Autonomous Vehicle Design, Alex Munoz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Fully autonomous vehicles are expected to revolutionize transportation, reduce the cost of ownership, contribute to a cleaner environment, and prevent the majority of traffic accidents and related fatalities. Even though promising approaches for achieving full autonomy exist, developers and manufacturers have to overcome a multitude of challenged before these systems could find widespread adoption. This multiple case study explored the strategies some IT hardware and software developers of self-driving cars use to adapt traditional vehicle design frameworks to address consumer and regulatory requirements in autonomous vehicle designs. The population consisted of autonomous driving technology software and hardware developers who are …

การพัฒนาระบบติดตามสถานะรถยนต์สำหรับธุรกิจแบ่งปันรถยนต์โดยใช้ช่อง Obd-Ii, สรวิชญ์ สาครินทร์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในช่วงไม่กี่ปีที่ผ่านมานี้ ธุรกิจแบ่งปันรถเช่าทั่วโลกเติบโตขึ้นอย่างมาก แต่การเช่ารถยนต์นั้นยังมีปัญหาอยู่สองข้อคือความไม่สะดวกต่อการทำสัญญาเช่ารถยนต์และการที่ไม่สามารถติดตามสถานะของรถยนต์ได้ เพื่อที่จะติดตามสถานะของถยนต์ เราต้องการระบบที่สามารถดึงข้อมูลดิบจากรถยนต์ส่งขึ้นสู่คลาวเซิฟเวอร์ในเวลาจริง ในช่วงเวลาเดียวกัน เทคโนโลยีอินเทอร์เน็ตทุกสรรพสิ่งได้ถูกนำไปใช้ในหลายๆอุตสาหกรรมเพื่อเพิ่มศักยภาพในการทำงาน เช่นอุตสาหกรรมการแพทย์ การเกษตร และการขนส่งอัจฉริยะ ดังนั้นธุรกิจแบ่งปันรถเช่านั้นจึงยังมีช่องว่างสำหรับการพัฒนาเพิ่มเติมด้วยเทคโนโลยีนี้เช่นกัน งานวิจัยนี้ได้ทำการพัฒนาอุปกรณ์สำหรับเชื่อมต่อภายในรถยนต์เรียกว่ากล่องโคบอกซ์ อุปกรณ์สามารถดึงข้อมูลที่ต้องการจากรถยนต์และสั่งล้อคหรือปลดล้อคได้ด้วยช่องโอบีดีทู อุปกรณ์สามารถรับสัญญาณตำแหน่งจีพีเอสและส่งข้อมูลที่ต้องการสู่คลาวไฟร์เบสเซิฟเวอร์ได้บนเวลาจริง อย่างไรก็ตาม ระบบติดตามสถานะของรถยนต์นี้สามารถทำงานได้ดีในรถยนต์ Toyota Altis 2016 เท่านั้น ผู้วิจัยจึงมีแผนในการพัฒนาระบบติดตามเพื่อรองรับกับรถยนต์รุ่นต่างๆต่อไปในอนาคต

Propagation Of Errors Through Coning, Sculling, And Scrolling Correction Algorithms, James D. Brouk, Kyle J. Demars

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper investigates the propagation of estimation errors through a common coning, sculling, and scrolling architecture used in modern day inertial navigation systems. Coning, sculling, and scrolling corrections often have an unaccounted-for effect on the error statistics of inertial measurements used to describe the state and uncertainty propagation for position, velocity, and attitude estimates. Through the development of an error analysis for a set of coning, sculling, and scrolling algorithms, mappings of the measurement and estimation errors through the correction term are adaptively generated. Using the developed mappings, an efficient and consistent propagation of the state and uncertainty, within the …

Development Of Cellulose Acetate-Based Scaffold For Bone Tissue Engineering Applications, Ruhit Sinha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cellulose Acetate (CA) based biomaterials are being used as substrates for bone ingrowth applications due to their nontoxic and nonirritant nature coupled with optimum morphology and stiffness. Electrospinning with additives and/or post-treatment has emerged as a viable protocol to further improve mechanical properties of CA and expand its utility. Herein, we highlight the role of potassium chloride (KCl) in association with airdrying to enhance the elastic modulus and tensile strengths of CA fibers. Salt aggregation in between fibers is observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), however, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis signifies the interactions between K+ ions and acetyl groups. The …

Energy Efficiency And Alternative Energy Generation In Existing Buildings On A College Campus, Sameer Keshavan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Universities and colleges are looking for ways to be sustainable and save energy costs on their campuses. In terms of raw dollars, “America’s colleges and universities spend almost $7 billion a year in energy and utilities”. Campus buildings consume more than 80% of the energy utilized by the universities and it is often used in the form of electricity for lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning, and natural gas for heating. By reducing energy use, it will translate into cost savings that could be utilized towards student programs, facility improvements, and other university initiatives. This can be achieved by energy conservation efforts and …

Studying The Scratching Behavior Of Nb/Nbc Nanolaminate Using Molecular Dynamics Atomistic Simulations, Md Mesbah Uddin

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The scratching behavior of a Nb/NbC ceramic-metal (cermet) nanolaminate is studied to investigate the tribological properties using molecular dynamics. Many atomistic studies have reviewed the tribological properties of nanolaminates but are limited to only either metal-metal or ceramic-ceramic nanolaminates. This study aims to address how varying parameters such as metal-ceramic thickness ratio, indenter size, and scratching depth affect the tribological properties of cermet nanolaminate under a scratching load. Furthermore, the underlying deformation mechanisms are explored. To study the effect of the metal-ceramic ratio on Nb/NbC nanolaminate, molecular dynamics simulations are performed on different models varying the metal-ceramic ratio. The number …

Characterization, Modeling, And Thermal Management Of High-Performance Lithium Batteries, Minjun Bae

Wayne State University Theses

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, as one of the most advanced commercial rechargeable batteries, play a crucial role in modern society as they are extensively used in portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, the limited electrochemical performance and poor thermal management systems of Li-ion batteries have hindered the expansion of their future applications. In search of alternative electrode materials to develop a battery with higher electrochemical performance, lithium (Li) metal has attracted much attention as an ideal alternative anode material due to its high specific capacity and lowest redox potential. However, needle-like Li dendritic growth causes severe safety concerns and thus prohibits practical applications …

Energy Conservation And Heat Transfer Enhancement For Mixed Convection On The Vertical Galvanizing Furnace, Dan Mei, Yuzheng Zhu, Xuemei Xu, Futang Xing

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The alloying temperature is an important parameter that affects the properties of galvanized products. The objective of this study is to explore the mechanism of conjugate mixed convection in the vertical galvanizing furnace and propose a novel energy conservation method to improve the soaking zone temperature based on the flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics. Herein, the present study applied the k-ε two-equation turbulence model to enclose the Navier-Stokes fluid dynamic and energy conservation equations, and the temperature distributions of the steel plate and air-flow field in the furnace were obtained for six Richardson numbers between 1.91 ⋅ 10^{5 …}

Evaluating Compressive Properties And Morphology Of Expandable Polyurethane Foam For Use In A Synthetic Paediatric Spine, Nor Amalina Muhayudin, Khairul Salleh Basaruddin, Fiona Mcevoy, Anthony Tansey

Articles

An expandable rigid PU foam can turns into complex shapes, with a shell like structure onthe outside and honeycomb structure on the inside, which can be easily shaped to a vertebraform. The present study aims to determine whether expandable rigid polyurethane foamwas an appropriate substitute for rigid block polyurethane foam to model the trabecularbone. Static compression tests were performed to determine compressive moduli and yieldstresses on three polyurethane foam densities namely 0.16 g/cm3, 0.24 g/cm3and 0.42 g/cm3.Morphology of the PU foams for all densities was also observed. The compressive modulusfor 0.16 g/cm3and 0.24 g/cm3were found varied from 40 to 43 …

Towards Overcoming The Curse Of Dimensionality In Predictive Modelling And Uncertainty Quantification, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This invited presentation summarizes new methodologies developed by the author for performing high-order sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification and predictive modeling. The presentation commences by summarizing the newly developed 3rd-Order Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (3rd-ASAM) for linear systems, which overcomes the “curse of dimensionality” for sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification of a large variety of model responses of interest in reactor physics systems. The use of the exact expressions of the 2nd-, and 3rd-order sensitivities computed using the 3rd-ASAM is subsequently illustrated by presenting 3rd-order formulas for the first three cumulants of the response distribution, for quantifying response uncertainties (covariance, skewness) …

On The Importance Of Second-Order Response Sensitivities To Nuclear Data In Reactor Physics Uncertainty Analysis, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

This invited keynote presentation compares the relative importance of 1st-order versus 2nd-order sensitivities of the leakage response of an OECD/NEA benchmark (polyethylene-reflected plutonium sphere) to the nuclear data characterizing this benchmark. The imprecisely known parameters underlying the neutron transport computational model for this benchmark include 180 group-averaged total microscopic cross sections, 21600 group-averaged scattering microscopic cross sections, 60 parameters describing the fission process, 30 parameters describing the fission spectrum, 10 parameters describing the system's sources, and 6 isotopic number densities. Thus, this benchmark comprises 21886 1st-order sensitivities of the leakage response with respect to the model parameters, and 478,996,996 2nd-order …

Test 2217: Kubota M8-181, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …