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2018

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Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering

Optimization Of Chemical Kinetic Mechanism For Efficient Computation Of Combustion Process In Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Configurations, Muzammil Arshad May 2018

Optimization Of Chemical Kinetic Mechanism For Efficient Computation Of Combustion Process In Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Configurations, Muzammil Arshad

Theses and Dissertations

For the development and optimization of future fuels and automotive engines, computer modeling and simulation has proved itself as an inseparable, efficient and cost effective tool to experimental studies. The traditional reliance of computer models on simplified global reaction steps to simulate the combustion and engine performance parameters, such as in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and pollutant formation could reduce credibility of the predictions as the global reaction steps depend on arbitrary adjustment of model parameters. This study has incorporated detailed chemistry by augmenting the combustion model of a three dimensional unsteady compressible turbulent Navier-Stokes solver with liquid spray injection …

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Improving Alternative Fuel Efficiency With Water Injection, Connor Strawn May 2018

Improving Alternative Fuel Efficiency With Water Injection, Connor Strawn

Honors Theses

Alternative fuel internal combustion engines (ICEs) have been increasing in popularity as the harmful effects of pollution and the need for a sustainable energy source are becoming more apparent. Two alternative fuels, E85 and hydrogen gas, are considered in this study. These fuels are renewable and have less emissions than traditional fuels, but there are many inherent disadvantages to their use. Water injection could alleviate some of the issues that plague these fuels. To test this, a Briggs and Stratton Baja engine was used, with and without water injection. Gasoline with water injection showed better performance than without: the power …

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Using The Soar Approach To Teach Middle School Students About Math And Science Concepts Found In Engineering, Rachael A. Wagner May 2018

Using The Soar Approach To Teach Middle School Students About Math And Science Concepts Found In Engineering, Rachael A. Wagner

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

In order to address the lack of knowledge about the engineering profession in middle-level students, the project described in this Honors Thesis was developed. Through the creation of an afterschool program centered on engineering, students were able to apply the math and science concepts covered to design, build, and test a bridge. One particular lesson from this after-school program was highlighted in this thesis, the lesson covering the Pythagorean Theorem, to demonstrate the use of SOAR methodology in the lesson’s development and later use in the classroom. The effectiveness of the Pythagorean Theorem lesson was evaluated positively based on the …

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Peridynamic Modeling Of Dynamic Fracture In Bio-Inspired Structures For High Velocity Impacts, Sneha Akula May 2018

Peridynamic Modeling Of Dynamic Fracture In Bio-Inspired Structures For High Velocity Impacts, Sneha Akula

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Bio-inspired damage resistant models have distinct patterns like brick-mortar, Voronoi, helicoidal etc., which show exceptional damage mitigation against high-velocity impacts. These unique patterns increase damage resistance (in some cases up to 3000 times more than the constituent materials) by effectively dispersing the stress waves produced by the impact. Ability to mimic these structures on a larger scale can be ground-breaking and could be used in numerous applications. Advancements in 3D printing have now made possible fabrication of these patterns with ease and at a low cost. Research on dynamic fracture in bio-inspired structures is very limited but it is …

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Importance Of Exposure Time On Digital Image Correlation (Dic) At Extreme Temperatures, Thinh Quang Thai May 2018

Importance Of Exposure Time On Digital Image Correlation (Dic) At Extreme Temperatures, Thinh Quang Thai

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Extreme temperatures have increasingly played an important role in engineering applications, including leading edges during hypersonic flight, spacecraft re-entry, and propulsion systems. In order to design for such thermo-mechanical conditions, materials must be characterized using suitable measurement methods. DIC is a popular and versatile method in full-field measurement. In brief, DIC compares images of a sample between its undeformed and deformed state in order to get displacement and strain field maps. Since the images are acquired from digital cameras, it is important to have high contrast images for meaningful correlation. Exposure time is a pivotal camera setting relating to camera …

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Development Of Recyclability Index: A Design For Assembly And Disassembly Approach, Darshan Yadav May 2018

Development Of Recyclability Index: A Design For Assembly And Disassembly Approach, Darshan Yadav

Theses and Dissertations

Designing products for recyclability is driven by environmental and economic goals. Several Design for Assembly(DFA) rules and parameters can be used to gauge the recyclability index of product designs. These indices can be used for comparative analysis of the recyclability of different products. This assists the designer in making design choices related to the product’s end of life. However, many of the existing recyclability indices are only available after design and manufacturing decisions are made. If such design decisions could be made earlier in the design process, when the design space is less bound, recyclability could be considered earlier. A …

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Superhydrophobic, Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotubes On Si And 316l Stainless Steel With Tunable Geometry, Kimberly A. Stevens, Christian D. Esplin, Taylor M. Davis, D. Jacob Butterfield, Philip S. Ng, Anton E. Bowden, Brian D. Jensen, Brian D. Iverson May 2018

Superhydrophobic, Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotubes On Si And 316l Stainless Steel With Tunable Geometry, Kimberly A. Stevens, Christian D. Esplin, Taylor M. Davis, D. Jacob Butterfield, Philip S. Ng, Anton E. Bowden, Brian D. Jensen, Brian D. Iverson

Faculty Publications

Use of carbon nanotubes to create superhydrophobic coatings has been considered due to their ability to offer a relatively uniform nanostructure. However, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be considered delicate with a typical diameter of tens of nanometers for a multi‐walled CNT; as‐grown carbon nanotubes often require the addition of a thin‐film hydrophobic coating to render them superhydrophobic. Furthermore, fine control over the diameter of the as‐grown CNTs, or overall nanostructure is difficult. This work demonstrates the utility of using carbon infiltration to layer amorphous carbon on multi‐walled nanotubes to improve structural integrity and achieve superhydrophobic behavior with tunable geometry. These …

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Knee Angles And Axes Crosstalk Correction In Gait, Cycling, And Elliptical Training Exercises, Jordan M. Skaro May 2018

Knee Angles And Axes Crosstalk Correction In Gait, Cycling, And Elliptical Training Exercises, Jordan M. Skaro

Master's Theses

When conducting motion analysis using 3-dimensional motion capture technology, errors in marker placement on the knee results in a widely observed phenomenon known as “crosstalk” [1-18] in calculated knee joint angles (i.e., flexion-extension (FE), adduction-abduction (AA), internal-external rotation (IE)). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has recently been proposed as a post hoc method to reduce crosstalk errors and operates by minimizing the correlation between the knee angles [1, 2]. However, recent studies that have used PCA have neither considered exercises, such as cycling (C) and elliptical training (E), other than gait (G) nor estimated the corrected knee axes following PCA correction. …

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Thermal Removal Of Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere: Energy Requirements And Scaling Issues, Ted Von Hippel May 2018

Thermal Removal Of Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere: Energy Requirements And Scaling Issues, Ted Von Hippel

Publications

I conduct a systems-level study of direct air capture of CO2 using techniques from thermal physics. This system relies on a combination of an efficient heat exchanger, radiative cooling, and refrigeration, all at industrial scale and operated in environments at low ambient temperatures. While technological developments will be required for such a system to operate efficiently, those developments rest on a long history of refrigeration expertise and technology, and they can be developed and tested at modest scale. I estimate that the energy required to remove CO2 via this approach is comparable to direct air capture by other techniques. The …

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Semi-Annual Program Progress Performance Report For University Transportation Systems Pppr#9, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad Apr 2018

Semi-Annual Program Progress Performance Report For University Transportation Systems Pppr#9, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The Electric Vehicle Transportation Center (EVTC) supports the U.S. Department of Transportation's strategic goal of planning for near-term integration of alternative fuel vehicles as a means to build a sustainable transportation system. The project objectives are to evaluate technologies, standards, planning and policies to ensure seamless integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into a complex transportation network and electricity grid. The EVTC bridges the gap between deployment of electric vehicles and the traditional transportation system.

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Battery Technologies For Mass Deployment Of Electric Vehicles, Florida Solar Energy Center, R. Paul Brooker Apr 2018

Battery Technologies For Mass Deployment Of Electric Vehicles, Florida Solar Energy Center, R. Paul Brooker

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Electric vehicle (EV) batteries have significantly improved since their inception. However, lifetime of these batteries is still strongly dependent on the usage profiles. This report describes aspects of EV battery utilization, and their impact on battery lifetime. Additionally, this report will describe potential future uses of EV batteries, particularly in vehicle-to-grid applications.

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Design And Implementation Of A Virtual Reality Laboratory For Mechanical Maintenance, Adolfo Enrique Samudio Cano Apr 2018

Design And Implementation Of A Virtual Reality Laboratory For Mechanical Maintenance, Adolfo Enrique Samudio Cano

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of the College of Business and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Adolfo Enrique Samudio Cano on April 27, 2018.

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Novelis Teaching Table, Phillip Laplante, Robert Hemker, Taylor Mcgriff, Juan Restrepo, Shelly Abraham Apr 2018

Novelis Teaching Table, Phillip Laplante, Robert Hemker, Taylor Mcgriff, Juan Restrepo, Shelly Abraham

KSU Journey Honors College Capstones and Theses

Novelis is a company that specializes in metal casting, recycling, and rolling. They primarily focus on aluminum rolling for cans and car bodies but are an industry leader in numerous related areas. As the rolling process is not taught in most general engineering courses, Novelis periodically teaches new engineers and technicians about the specifics of this relatively mathematically complex process. Most of the current teaching methods are through PowerPoint presentations and group exercises, with minimal hands-on involvement. One of the most useful tools for teaching the rolling process is an actual jeweler’s rolling mill, which Novelis currently possesses, but is …

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In Situ Defect Detection Using Three Color Spectroscopy In Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing, Andrew Drieling Apr 2018

In Situ Defect Detection Using Three Color Spectroscopy In Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing, Andrew Drieling

The University Honors Program

Additive Manufacturing (AM) provides a way to create parts that would be extremely difficult or impossible with conventional manufacturing processes. However, AM also introduces defects, which are detrimental to the mechanical performance. These defects are potentially unknown until post-processing inspection and testing, wasting time and resources on an unusable part or initiating unexpected failure. Historically, spectroscopy has successfully been used for in situ monitoring of laser welding, using changing parameters in the generated plume to predict defects. In situ monitoring using a visible spectrometer for fabrication of Alloy 718 on a test bed laser powder bed fusion system is performed. …

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Rare Earth - Free Permanent Magnetic Material, Laura H. Lewis, Jeffrey E. Shield, Katayun Barmak Viziri Apr 2018

Rare Earth - Free Permanent Magnetic Material, Laura H. Lewis, Jeffrey E. Shield, Katayun Barmak Viziri

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The invention provides rare earth - free permanent magnetic materials and methods of making them . The materials can be used to produce magnetic structures for use in a wide variety of commercial applications , such as motors , generators , and other electromechanical and electronic devices . Magnets fabricated using the materials can be substituted for magnets requiring rare earth elements that are costly and in limited supply . The invention provides two different types of magnetic materials . The first type is based on an iron - nickel alloy that is doped with one or more doping elements …

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Implantable Fluid Delivery System, Ihab Saab, Nathan Waters, Joel Carne, Lanie R. Belloli, Massoud Tavakoli Apr 2018

Implantable Fluid Delivery System, Ihab Saab, Nathan Waters, Joel Carne, Lanie R. Belloli, Massoud Tavakoli

Mechanical Engineering Patents

An implantable system for delivering fluids , such as drugs , to one or more anatomical structures in a patient ' s ( i . e . , human or animal ) body . A number of medical conditions require continual and / or periodic administration of fluids ( e . g . , drugs ) to target regions ( e . g . , anatomic organs ) of the body . Accessibility to those target regions might be limited technically for ex . and not limited to : frequent endoscopic , radiologically guided or surgical approaches . The system …

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Understanding The Thermal Properties Of Precursor-Ionomers To Optimize Fabrication Processes For Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (Ipmcs), Sarah Trabia, Kisuk Choi, Zakai Olsen, Taeseon Hwang, Jae-Do Nam, Kwang J. Kim Apr 2018

Understanding The Thermal Properties Of Precursor-Ionomers To Optimize Fabrication Processes For Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (Ipmcs), Sarah Trabia, Kisuk Choi, Zakai Olsen, Taeseon Hwang, Jae-Do Nam, Kwang J. Kim

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are one of many smart materials and have ionomer bases with a noble metal plated on the surface. The ionomer is usually Nafion, but recently Aquivion has been shown to be a promising alternative. Ionomers are available in the form of precursor pellets. This is an un-activated form that is able to melt, unlike the activated form. However, there is little study on the thermal characteristics of these precursor ionomers. This lack of knowledge causes issues when trying to fabricate ionomer shapes using methods such as extrusion, hot-pressing, and more recently, injection molding and 3D printing. …

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Method Of Fabricating A Continuous Nanofiber, Yuris Dzenis Apr 2018

Method Of Fabricating A Continuous Nanofiber, Yuris Dzenis

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

A method of fabricating a continuous nanofiber is described . The method includes preparing a solution of one or more polymers and one or more solvents and electrospinning the solution by discharging the solution through one or more liquid jets into an electric field to yield one or more continuous nanofibers . The electrospinning process ( i ) highly orients one or more polymer chains in the one or more continuous nanofibers along a fiber axis of the one or more continuous nanofibers , and ( ii ) suppresses polymer crystallization in the one or more continuous nanofibers . The …

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Evaluation Of A Novel Finite Element Model Of Active Contraction In The Heart, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zhan-Qiu Liu, Kenneth S. Campbell, Jonathan F. Wenk Apr 2018

Evaluation Of A Novel Finite Element Model Of Active Contraction In The Heart, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zhan-Qiu Liu, Kenneth S. Campbell, Jonathan F. Wenk

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Finite element (FE) modeling is becoming a widely used approach for the investigation of global heart function. In the present study, a novel model of cellular-level systolic contraction, which includes both length- and velocity-dependence, was implemented into a 3D non-linear FE code. To validate this new FE implementation, an optimization procedure was used to determine the contractile parameters, associated with sarcomeric function, by comparing FE-predicted pressure and strain to experimental measures collected with magnetic resonance imaging and catheterization in the ventricles of five healthy rats. The pressure-volume relationship generated by the FE models matched well with the experimental data. Additionally, …

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Uncertainty Evaluation In The Design Of Structural Health Monitoring Systems For Damage Detection, Christine Schubert Kabban, Richard Uber, Kevin Lin, Bin Li, Md Yeasin Bhuiyan, Victor Giurgiutiu Apr 2018

Uncertainty Evaluation In The Design Of Structural Health Monitoring Systems For Damage Detection, Christine Schubert Kabban, Richard Uber, Kevin Lin, Bin Li, Md Yeasin Bhuiyan, Victor Giurgiutiu

Faculty Publications

The validation of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for aircraft is complicated by the extent and number of factors that the SHM system must demonstrate for robust performance. Therefore, a time- and cost-efficient method for examining all of the sensitive factors must be conducted. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of using the simulation modeling environment to determine the SHM sensitive factors that must be considered for subsequent experiments, in order to enable the SHM validation. We demonstrate this concept by examining the effect of SHM system configuration and flaw characteristics on the response of a signal from a …

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Modeling Residual Stress Development In Hybrid Processing By Additive Manufacturing And Laser Shock Peening, Guru Charan Reddy Madireddy Apr 2018

Modeling Residual Stress Development In Hybrid Processing By Additive Manufacturing And Laser Shock Peening, Guru Charan Reddy Madireddy

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The term “hybrid” has been widely applied to many areas of manufacturing. Naturally, that term has found a home in additive manufacturing as well. Hybrid additive manufacturing or hybrid-AM has been used to describe multi-material printing, combined machines (e.g., deposition printing and milling machine center), and combined processes (e.g., printing and interlayer laser re-melting). The capabilities afforded by hybrid-AM are rewriting the design rules for materials and adding a new dimension in the design for additive manufacturing paradigm. This work focuses on hybrid-AM processes, which are defined as the use of additive manufacturing (AM) with one …

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Numerical Simulation Of A High Strain Rate Biaxial Compression Apparatus, Michael Lagieski Apr 2018

Numerical Simulation Of A High Strain Rate Biaxial Compression Apparatus, Michael Lagieski

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Few experimental methods today are capable of exploring the strength of materials at high strain rates (105 s-1). Those that are capable, such as the Split Hopkinson Bar, Taylor Anvil and Plate Impact suffer from instability and are generally limited to one dimensional wave propagation. Of particular interest is material response under biaxial compression, similar to that seen in inertial confinement fusion. Laser fusion fuel pellets typically undergo large strain rates as well as plastic deformation and non-linear behavior. This work briefly outlines an experimental procedure designed to replicate these large strain rates under biaxial compression using …

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The Use Of Fe3o4/Carbon Composite Fibers As Anode Materials In Lithium Ion Batteries, Howard Campos, Jonathan Ayala, Carolina Valdes, Jason Parsons, Mataz Alcoutlabi Apr 2018

The Use Of Fe3o4/Carbon Composite Fibers As Anode Materials In Lithium Ion Batteries, Howard Campos, Jonathan Ayala, Carolina Valdes, Jason Parsons, Mataz Alcoutlabi

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

In the present work, results on the synthesis and mass production of polymer/ceramic composite fibers through Forcespinning® (FS) are reported. Magnetite (Fe3O4), has been considered as a good anode material for Lithium‒Ion Batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity (~924 mAhg-1), low cost, and low toxicity. The Fe3O4/carbon composite, in the present study, was achieved through Forcespinning iron (III) acetylacetonate /polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor solution with stabilization in air at 280°C followed by carbonization at 600°C under argon. The electrochemical cyclic performance of Fe3O4/C composite fibers was investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments. The results showed the Fe3O4/C composite fiber anode …

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Effect Of Shot Peening On Stress Corrosion Behavior Of Biodegradable Magnesium We43, Tejaswita Patil Apr 2018

Effect Of Shot Peening On Stress Corrosion Behavior Of Biodegradable Magnesium We43, Tejaswita Patil

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Conventionally used metals for orthopedic devices made of titanium, stainless steel, and Co-Cr alloys are designed to be permanently implanted. However, long-term complications arise and a secondary implant removal surgery is often necessary. A mismatch in stiffness between the bone and implant results in stress shielding that negatively affects bone density. To overcome these problems, magnesium alloys (e.g., WE34) are favored due to a lower Young’s modulus (45 GPa) and biodegradability. The critical technical barrier with magnesium alloys is their high corrosion rate in physiological (salt-based) environments. One solution is to use surface treatments, such as shot peening (SP), to …

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Computational Validation Of Aerodynamic Paramenters On A Multi-Sided Cylinder, Christopher Ong Apr 2018

Computational Validation Of Aerodynamic Paramenters On A Multi-Sided Cylinder, Christopher Ong

Master's Theses

There are fundamental problems in fluid dynamics. One common problem is fluid flow around cylinder-shaped bodies which range from circular to multi-sided polygons. These basic geometric shapes are found in various applications. With the increased availability of computational power, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) becomes an avenue for studying fluid flow around theses shapes. The fluid flow over cylindrical bodies is a widely studied problem used to validate the accuracy and reliability of CFD codes before working on more complex engineering problems. This validation is done by comparing selected flow parameters to experimental results to determine the accuracy …

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Design Of Force Versus Displacement Test Stand, Andrew Fritchley Apr 2018

Design Of Force Versus Displacement Test Stand, Andrew Fritchley

Honors Theses

Performing mechanical design around sensors is a critical skill which all engineering students should be familiar with. Of equal importance is gathering and correctly interpreting electrical data from engineering tests. The aim of this project is to design a force versus displacement test stand for applications related to the measurement of spring force-displacement correlation. The design uses a strain gauge load cell, and a magnetic linear encoder to provide accurate, repeatable force and travel measurements. A mechanical design to mount each sensor was created based initial project constraints. Finite element analysis was performed on all critical components to ensure that …

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Structural Reinforcement Of Streamline Tubing, Peter Grohs Apr 2018

Structural Reinforcement Of Streamline Tubing, Peter Grohs

Honors Theses

Structural integrity of suspension components is important to the safety and the longevity of vehicles. Streamline tubing, an aerodynamically shaped material used in high performance vehicle controls, can be prone to failure if not properly analyzed for its asymmetric geometry. The component was redesigned as a composite structure using modern materials to make a highly aerodynamic product stiffer, stronger, and lighter per unit weight than a conventional all steel design. Finite element analysis was conducted and five prototypes using different materials were constructed and tested. This method of maximizing component lightness and stiffness using the beneficial properties of each material …

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Evolution Of Mg Az31 Twin Activation With Strain: A Machine Learning Study, Andrew D. Orme Apr 2018

Evolution Of Mg Az31 Twin Activation With Strain: A Machine Learning Study, Andrew D. Orme

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Machine learning is being adopted in various areas of materials science to both create predictive models and to uncover correlations which reveal underlying physics. However, these two aims are often at odds with each other since the resultant predictive models generally become so complex that they can essentially be described as a black box, making them difficult to understand. In this study, complex relationships between microstructure and twin formation in AZ31 magnesium are investigated as a function of increasing strain. Supervised machine learning is employed, in the form of J-48 decision trees. In one approach, strain is incorporated as an …

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The Water Entry Of Multi-Droplet Streams And Jets, Nathan B. Spiers, Zhao Pan, Jesse Belden, Tadd T. Truscott Apr 2018

The Water Entry Of Multi-Droplet Streams And Jets, Nathan B. Spiers, Zhao Pan, Jesse Belden, Tadd T. Truscott

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Water entry has been studied for over a century, but few studies have focused on multiple droplets impacting on a liquid bath sequentially. We connect multi-droplet streams, jets and solid objects with physical-based scaling arguments that emphasize the intrinsically similar cavities. In particular, the cavities created by the initial impact of both droplet streams and jets on an initially quiescent liquid pool exhibit the same types of cavity seal as hydrophobic spheres at low Bond number, some of which were previously unseen for jets and droplet streams. Low-frequency droplet streams exhibit an additional three new cavity seal types unseen for …

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Hawai'i Wildlife Fund V. County Of Maui, Lowell J. Chandler Apr 2018

Hawai'i Wildlife Fund V. County Of Maui, Lowell J. Chandler

Public Land & Resources Law Review

In Hawai’i Wildlife Fund v. County of Maui, the Ninth Circuit held that the plain language of the Clean Water Act provides jurisdiction over indirect discharges of pollutants from a point source into groundwater that is shown to be connected to navigable waters. The court found that studies confirmed pollutants entering the Pacific Ocean were fairly traceable to the County of Maui’s sewage disposal wells. In affirming the district court’s ruling, the Ninth Circuit held that Maui County violated the Clean Water Act by discharging pollutants into a navigable water without the required permit. The court also concluded the …

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