Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

A Cogeneration Industrial Park In An Urban Environment In The Year 2000, Raymond T. Scott

Theses

An investigation into the feasibilty of placing an industrial park in an urban environment in the year 2000 was made. A selected cogeneration facility located within the park would supply electricity and process steam to the industries with minimal transmission costs and environmental effects. A projection was made on the industries that would exhibit growth to the end of this century, and yet be environmentally benign in nature. These industries would be placed within the industrial park. The selection of the cogeneration facility was based upon projections of fuel availability, environmental factors and available technologies. Socio-economic factors and the effects …

Comparative Study Of Computational Methods For Kinematics Of Mechanism Analysis, Ren-Jea Wang

Theses

This thesis introduces three numerical methods of solving nonlinear algebraic equations, i.e. Newton's method, Brown's method, and Brent's method, and applies these methods to kinematics of mechanism problems for comparative study.

Firstly, each method is reviewed in some detail. Then experimental computer programs, NABKAP(Nonlinear Algebraic equations Based Kinematic Analysis Programs), are developed based on the above methods and used to solve kinematic of mechanism problems. Example problems include various kinds of four-bar mechanisms and two degree of freedom mechanism. Lastly, each technique is compared with the others based on the above computational experiences.

The FORTRAN programs used for this study …

Stress In The Alveolar Bone Surrounding A Dental Implant, Jagmohan Singh Kohli

Theses

The purpose of this study is to find the stresses developed in mandibular bone due to the occlusal loading of oral endosseous blade implants. Previous work done in this area was based on the theory of "Beam on Elastic Foundation". As the width/length ratio employed is approximately 0.65, the theory of "Plate on Elastic Foundation" used in this thesis is more appropriate. The mandibular bone acts as the foundation supporting the endosseous implants.

The analysis is complicated by the fact that the implants are irregular plates of varying thickness, the foundation modulus is a variable and the occlusal loading is …

Development Of A Computer Model To Track Water Droplet Trajectories As Related To Aircraft Icing, Satyen G. Harve

Theses

In order to be able to predict the local ice accretion rate, or the icing profile on any surface it is neccessary that a model be available, which helps in determining the local impingement values of water droplets on the object. Two models have been developed. One model determines the potential and the velocity field around any arbitrary object. The second model determines the trajectory of the water droplets in the presence of a potential field. The two models have been combined to form a general trajectory model capable of tracking water droplet trajectories around any arbitrary object. The object …

Enhancement Of The Integrated Mechanisms Program (Imp) By Addition Of Graphic Output, Anil Parsaram Hingorani

Theses

The Integrated Mechanisms Program (IMP) is enhanced to include the capability of graphic output of simple mechanisms. The subroutines available in the graphics package GP-10 are used. The output consists of a drawing of the mechanism at its initial position and for every position for which the analysis is done. In addition, a graph of velocity and/or acceleration against the angle of the driving link may be plotted. There are limitations. The output of the mechanism represents only prismatic joints by a different symbol. It is represented by a rectangle and the symbol of the fixed link. All the other …

Computer Aided Design Of Optimum Structures, Sanjay M. Alexander

Theses

Techniques for the improvement of procedures for large scale structural synthesis are investigated. Considerable amount of research has been devoted to structural optimization. Yet as developments continue in this area, constant improvements in structural analysis methods, most of which are computationally demanding, tax the ability of existing optimization procedures to use the most powerful of the new analysis techniques effectively. This thesis presents optimization of structures modeled by classical discretized finite elements using the direct stiffness approach. The technioue presented here utilizes a Mathematical Programming (MP) method, which is based on Zoutendijk's feasible Direction Finding Problem (DFP). Modifications on Zoutendijk's …

On Analysis Of Small Bore Piping Vibrations, Nitinkumar Shroff

Theses

This thesis investigates the natural frequency and vibration induced stress of small bore power plant piping. Straight piping and piping with concentrated load, such as a valve, located anywhere along the span are studied. Four different boundary conditions of fixed-free, simple-fixed, fixed-fixed and simple-simple are investigated, as any single span piping may be approximated by one of these boundary conditions.

The results otained [sic] for frequency and stress coefficients in the case of straight piping are plotted. Plots of frequency factor and stress ratio for the piping with concentrated load are also presented.

The results obtained for the natural frequencies …

The Application Of The Finite Element Method To Plate Stress Analysis, Yao-Zong Jen

Theses

The finite element formulation of plane elasticity and plate bending is presented and is employed in the development of the formulation of element stiffness equations and structural stiffness equations. The basic relations used to derive the finite element equations for a solid continuum are also presented. The programming organization is summarized.

The computer program cited from TAYLOR has been used to solve the deep beam problem with triangular and rectangular elements and the SAP IV program has been used to solve the plate bending problems with quadrilateral elements. Problems solved are: (1) stress distribution at the midspan of a simply …

Deposition Of Suspension In Inclined Channels Due To The Effects Of Inertia, Gravity And Image Force, I-Hsi Chu

Theses

This investigation was made to determine the effect on the deposition of particle in an inclined parallel-plate channel due to the influences of image charge, viscosity, inertia and gravity. The flow considered was lamina, imcompressible and steady. The flow patterns considered were uniform and fully developed with symmetry about the axis of the channel.

The governing equations derived for a particle were based on Newton's Second Law of motion. Since the resulting governing equations are linear second order differential equations, Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to solve the problem and graphical techniques is used to interpret the results of the numerical …

Computer Simulation For Studying The Performance Of Plasticating Extruders, K. S. Govindaraju

Theses

A Computer program for simulation of a single screw plasticating extruder is presented. The computer program simulates the performance of different size extruders with various screw geometries for plasticating and pumping different thermoplastic resins. The simulation yields valuable information on the performance of an extruder for a variety of operating conditions. The simulation program provides a means of separating the effect of one variable at a time on the overall performance of the extruders.

Intelligent Computer Decision Systems, Robert J. Heath

Theses

This paper demonstrates that the concepts developed through Artificial Intelligence research are applicable to computerized information systems; and that a system of expert problem solvers and natural language interfaces exhibiting characteristics of "intelligent behavior" offer several advantages over present-day, conventional database management designs. Development of the conclusion was accomplished after an analysis and assimilation of the current literature in the field of Artificial Intelligence and participation in university symposia concerning its application to the business environment. It is concluded that incorporating the notions of learning and creativity, common sense(heuristics), and self-awareness, intelligent computer decision systems will provide managers with : …

Modification Of A Heat Transfer Program (Stan5) To Account For Surface Roughness And Its Application To Aerodynamic Icing, Parthasarathy R. Iyengar

Theses

In order to be able to predict the local ice accretion rate or the icing profile on an airfoil, it is necessary that a suitable heat transfer coefficient model be availabIe. A computer program has been developed which is capable of predicting the local heat transfer coefficient for a typical two dimensional icing surface. Because of the charecteristics of an icing surface, an existing computer program (STAN5) has been modified to include the effects of the following surface roughness surface curvature and boundary layer transition.

The computer program for the heat transfer coefficient has then been used with an existing …

Computer Analysis Of The Stefan Problem In Cryosurgery, Dong Hyuk Kim

Theses

Numerical solutions for determining the freezing front location vs time relation in cryosurgery are obtained by utilizing the heat transfer computer program TRUMP, which employs the explicit finite difference algorithm. The probe geometries of rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical shape with one dimensional heat flow are selected for study. Internal heat generation is considered in cylindrical and sphe¬rical probe geometries, and the difference between the solutions with and without heat generation is discussed. To verify the correctness of the TRUMP solution, comparisons are made in the freezing distance vs time relation with the Neumann's solution and the implicit enthalpy method for …

Coupled Flexural And Torsional Vibrations Of Beams, Sang Hwan Kim

Theses

This thesis deals with the vibration of a beam whose flexural and centroidal axis are not coincident. The elementary bending- twisting theory is employed to derive the equations of motion, in which the effects of rotary inertia are added to the bending displacements and the effects of warping are added to the twist. Bending translation is restricted to one direction so that one bending equation is used instead of two. The equations of motion are solved by using the boundary value problem. The exact natural frequencies are found from the frequency equation , which is obtained from the condition that …

Finite Element Modeling Of A Femoral Stem In A Total Hip Prosthesis, Robert C. Cohen

Theses

A three-dimensional model was produced to study of effects of stress on a femoral stem in a total hip prosthesis. Using the ANSYS General Purpose Finite Element Computer Program, a reproduction of the system was constructed for the loads acting on the hip joint at intervals of a walking cycle. With isotropic properties for cortical bone, cancellous bone, cement, and selected alloys, the model was generated using three-dimensional, isoparametric, eight-node, solid elements (STIF45). The model consists of over 700 nodes and 442 elements. This model can be used to produce computer calculated stress data, if disc storage space allows.

Energy And Economic Analysis Of Alternate Total Energy Systems, Swaminathan Balakrishnan

Theses

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Performance of Diesel engines, gas engines, and gas turbines when used in a Total Energy System. To begin with, the history of cogeneration was studied, current literature and texts reviewed and companies which deal with these engines or turbines were contacted. Electricity and gas tariffs were obtained from the P.S.E.&G. Co. It was decided to consider an apartment complex of approximately 200,000 ft² having peak heating and cooling loads of approximately 4.92 million Btu/hr and 2.93 million Btu/hr respectively for this analysis. The average electrical demand was 520 KW. Next …

Analysis Of Deflection Temperature Under Load, Anand M. Jagani

Theses

Deflection Temperature Under Load (DTUL) is an experimental value commonly used by designers to characterize a plastic in a high temperature environment. This value is currently measured by a standard test procedure specified by the ASTM D-648. A theoretical analysis of this test was made and computer programs were developed to calculate the Deflection Temperaure of Plastics Under Load based upon temperature dependent flexural modulus data and temperature dependent thermal properties of the plastics of interest. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis agree closely with the experimental values found in the literature for two resins. An analysis of the …

High Speed Puncture Impact Studies Of Structural Foam Plaques, Shashi B. Kumar

Theses

The constant velocity high speed impact study was conducted on different thermoplastic and thermoset structural foam plaques to study their impact behavior. Plaques of Noryl, Polycarbonate, Polystyrene and Polyurethane were carefully chosen to represent a true sample of the manufactured product. Test plaques were marked such that specimens could be tested for variation in location, thickness of the plaque and variation between plaques. High speed puncture impact experiment was conducted on each specimen and the results were analysed.

The test results showed that the impact performance varied significantly over the plaque. Noryl and Polycarbonate did not exhibit any correlation for …

An Interactive Procedure For Numerical Design Optimization, Jaehwan Lee

Theses

An interactive version of the numerical design optimization method of Pappas for the solution of nonlinear optimization problems is presented in this thesis, A designer intervention strategy is employed herein for interactive optimization to allow the designer to control and manage the optimization process. This procedure embodied in the interactive CADOP6 program is tested on the ten bench mark problems of Eason and Fenton to illustrate the designer intervented optimization process and to provide a comparison with the fully automated procedure of Pappas This designer intervented interactive program appears more effective and faster than the completely automated CADOP5 code on …

Measurement Of Thermal Conductivity Of Polymers Using Line Source Method, Manojkumar C. Patel

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the Line Source technique to measure the thermal conductivity of different molten polymers. Although the results obtained using this method are within acceptable experimental error limits, due to tec reasons explained, the results are not as accurate as claimed in the literature which describe this technique.

The Quasisteady Approach For Thermal Analysis Of Frost Action Below Refrigerated Warehouses, Milan Kumar Bag

Theses

The quasisteady method of analysis has been used to determine the frost depth below refrigerated warehouses. For the case when the ground temperature is different from phase change temperature, the solution is obtained by numerical integration of the equation governing the phase change process. When the ground temperature approaches the phase change temperature closed form solution is obtained. The results obtained from the quasisteady method compare well with the experimental results. The results presented in this thesis should find use in the design of the refrigerated warehouses in the colder regions of the world.

Experimental Investigation Of An Axisymmetric Air Jet Impinging On A Flat Plate, Saibal Basu

Theses

Experimental investigation was carried out on a circular, submerged, axisymmetric turbulent air jet-with normal impingement on a smooth, flat, square lucite plate, The flow was considered to be incompressible because the velocity of the jet was not too high, with Mach Number of the order of 0.3. Three nozzle diameters of 0.375" (9,525 mm), 0.250" (6.35 mm) and 0.125" (3.175 mm) were used with Reynolds number ranging from 7,000 to 70,000.

Various flow parameters were measured to obtain the velocity and pressure distributions at the surface of the flat lucite plate and along the centerline of the normal impinging air …

Deposition Of Particles In Horozontal Parallel Plate Channel Due To Image Charge, Inertia, Viscosity And Gravity, Chi-Young Chu

Theses

This investigation was made to determine the effect on the deposition of particle in a horizontal parallel-plate channel due to the influences of image charge, viscosity, inertia and gravity. The flow considered was lamina, incompressible and steady. The flow patterns considered were uniform and fully developed with symmetry about the axis of the channel.

The governing equations derived for a particle were based on Newton's Second Law of motion. Since the resulting governing equations are linear second order differential equations, Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to solve the problem and graphical techniques is used to interpret the results of the numerical …

Simulation Of Rotational Molding, Hersel Ahdout

Theses

A computer program is written in FORTRAN IV to simulate the Rotational Molding process based on the discrete technique suggested by Progelhof and Throne. This program employs three techniques of Finite Difference, Euler's, Crank Nicolson's, and pure implicit, with their inherent accuracy and cost limits. The program has the capability of updating the variable parameters of polymer as the temperature rises, which eventuall leads to the closest simulation possible to the actual experiment.

Accuracy And Convergence Of Finite Element Approximations, Gwo-Tar Chang

Theses

In the design of structure, the engineer seeks to determine the distribution of stresses throughout the structure or the displacements at certain points of the structure. The finite element method is a numerical analysis technique for obtaining approximate solutions to engineering problems that are not amenable to closed form solutions.

In this work the triangular element and the rectangular element in plane stress are employed in the development of the formulation of element stiffness equations. The effect of the number of elements on the convergence to the analytical solution was investigated. Similar study using rectangular elements was also carried out …

A Finite Difference Solution Of An Ideal, Normal, Impinging Jet, Luis A. Gast

Theses

The free boundary of a circular jet of an irrotational, inviscid, incompressible, fluid impinging normally to a flat surface from a height of 2 times the nozzle radius, was found by a finite difference method.

Starting with a graphical solution, approximate values of the potential were given to the nodes at the field.

Having the equipotential lines perpendicular to the axis of the jet, perpendicular to the impinging surface, and having defined the value of the potential at both the entrance and exit of the jet, a finite difference expression of the Laplace's equation was used in an iteration scheme …

Finite Element Analysis Of The Femoral Head, Ghandikota Ramamurthy

Theses

Femoral component loosening and Prosthetic stem fractures have renewed interest in conservative alternatives to conventional total hip replacements. One such alternative is the concept of surface replacement. The objective in this study is a finite element analysis of a femoral surface replacement cup with Particular attention given to the interfacial stresses. An axisymmetric model with a grid of two-dimensional isoparametric elements is generated. This study utilizes an adaptive model so as to include the effect of bone remodeling in response to stress. The stiffness is considered to be linearly proportional to the stress in the femoral head and neck. Isotropic …

Computer Simulation Of Cavity Filling During Injection Molding Process, Sumit Banerjee

Theses

A numerical technique is proposed for the simulation of cavity filling process during injection molding of glass-bead filled polypropylene. The mold cavity is of cylindrical shape. Marker And Cell (MAC) method is utilized for solving the transient flow phenomena, after a mathematical simulation of the flow model is carried out by using the relevant continuity and-momentum equations governing the system. The complexity of the equations involved, results in the simplifying assumption of incompressible and isothermal flow process. A computer program is written on the basis of finite-difference equations developed during the application of MAC method under the prevailing conditions.

The …

One-Dimensional Compressible Flow Analysis : Isentropic And Normal Shock, Su-Bo Wong

Theses

A computer program to compute and analyse one-dimensional isentropic compressible flow through variable cross-sectional area with or without a normal shock is developed. The program is written in the "FORTRAN LANGUAGE".

In this work, the area change is the predominant cause of change of flow condition. One of the advantage of this program is set on general uses for isentropic flow. In common practice, the values of the isentropic flow property ratios were tabulated or graphically presented as function of the Mach number with a specified specific heat ratio, K (normally K=1.40 was presented). With todays technology, the most versatile …

Nomographs And Tables For Simplified Thermal Analysis Of Power Piping, Dhanjibhai N. Patel

Theses

This Thesis develops Nomographs and Tables for simplified thermal analysis of " Power Piping." It gives the length of required Thermal Relieve Leg when a set of piping parameters such as, pipe size, pipe material, operating temperature and pipe length are given.

The Nomographs and Tables developed here can be used

1. to determine the primary piping layout, piping route, support location etc. before vigorous conputer analysis is performed.

2. to help the Field Engineer on the plant site to make " on the spot " decisions on pending piping route changes.

Two Nomographs are developed in this Thesis. One …