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Faculty Publications

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Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering

Effect Of Residual Thermal Stresses On Fracture Behavior And Mechanical Properties Of Al Sub 2 O Sub 3/Ni Cermets, Guo Jin Li, Da Ming Chen, Xiao Xian Huang, Jing Kun Guo Jan 2002

Effect Of Residual Thermal Stresses On Fracture Behavior And Mechanical Properties Of Al Sub 2 O Sub 3/Ni Cermets, Guo Jin Li, Da Ming Chen, Xiao Xian Huang, Jing Kun Guo

Faculty Publications

Effect of residual thermal stresses on fracture behavior and mechanical properties of Al2O3/Ni cermets was qualitatively explained by using theory on residual thermal stresses. When Ni particles are located within Al2O3 grains or Ni content is relatively low, tensile stresses are exerted at Al2O3-Al2O3 grain boundary. While fracturing, intergranular fracture is easily produced. When Ni particles are dispersed at Al2O3 grain boundary or Ni content is relatively high, compressive stresses are exerted at Al2O3-Al2O3grain boundary. …

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Surface Micromachined Force Gauges: Uncertainty And Reliability, Jonathan W. Wittwer, Troy Gomm, Larry L. Howell Jan 2002

Surface Micromachined Force Gauges: Uncertainty And Reliability, Jonathan W. Wittwer, Troy Gomm, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Surface micromachining of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), like all other fabrication processes, has inherent variation that leads to uncertain material and dimensional parameters. By considering the effects of these variations during the design of micro force gauges, the gauge uncertainty and reliability can be estimated. Without means of calibrating micro gauges, these effects are often significant when compared to experimental repeatability. The general force gauge model described in this paper can be used to measure a wide range of forces, and simple design changes can lead to improved accuracy in measurement. A method of probabilistic design is described that is not …

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Spectral Integration Of Microstructure And Design, Brent L. Adams, B. Henrie, M. Lyon, H. Garmestani, Surya R. Kalidindi Jan 2002

Spectral Integration Of Microstructure And Design, Brent L. Adams, B. Henrie, M. Lyon, H. Garmestani, Surya R. Kalidindi

Faculty Publications

Support of the Army Research Office is greatly appreciated. Mechanical design can be conducted in a framework where consideration of microstructure as a continuous design variable is facilitated by the use of a Fourier space. Selection of the mechanical framework for the problem (e.g., mechanical constitutive model and homogenization relations) dictates the dimensionality of the pertinent microstructure representation. Microstructure is comprised of basic elements that belong to the local state space. Local state includes crystallographic phase and orientation, and other parameters such as composition. The local state space is transformed into an isomorphic set in Fourier space. The universe of …

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Ortho-Planar Linear-Motion Springs, John J. Parise, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby Nov 2001

Ortho-Planar Linear-Motion Springs, John J. Parise, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby

Faculty Publications

This paper presents an ortho-planar spring design that operates by raising or lowering its platform relative to the base with no rotation. The compact nature of the design, and its non-rotating motion, eliminates the problem of rotation against adjoining surfaces and is less sensitive to variation in assemblies than many current compact springs. Nomenclature is presented to identify different configurations, mathematical equations are provided that accurately model the force-defection relationships, and a pneumatic valve positioner application is demonstrated.

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Spline Based Path Planning For Unmanned Air Vehicles, Kevin B. Judd, Timothy W. Mclain Aug 2001

Spline Based Path Planning For Unmanned Air Vehicles, Kevin B. Judd, Timothy W. Mclain

Faculty Publications

A trajectory planning scheme that generates feasible flight routes for an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) is developed. A preliminary path is generated from a Voronoi diagram based on threat locations. This path consists of a series of straight-line segments that cannot be followed exactly by the UAV. Using a series of cubic splines to connect these straight-line segments, this path is refined into an optimum path that is flyable by the UAV. Utilizing a decomposition strategy, both the full path (coarse detail) to the target and the proximate optimum path (fine detail) near the UAV can be quickly computed. The …

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Fuel-Saving Strategies For Dual Spacecraft Interferometry Missions, Christopher A. Bailey, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard Jul 2001

Fuel-Saving Strategies For Dual Spacecraft Interferometry Missions, Christopher A. Bailey, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

Separated spacecraft interferometry missions will require that spacecraft move in a coordinated fashion to ensure minimal and balanced consumption of fuel. This paper develops strategies for determining interferometry mission plans that result in significant fuel savings over standard approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that valuable reductions in fuel consumption can be realized by combining the retargeting and imaging maneuvers required to image multiple stellar sources. Fuel-optimal imaging strategies have been developed for two-spacecraft interferometry missions similar to the proposed StarLight mission using chained local optimization methods. Based on these strategies, sampling-pattern guidelines for space-borne interferometry missions have been developed.

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Increasing Power Density Of Lsgm-Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using New Anode Materials, Kevin Huang, Jen-Hau Wan, John B. Goodenough Jun 2001

Increasing Power Density Of Lsgm-Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using New Anode Materials, Kevin Huang, Jen-Hau Wan, John B. Goodenough

Faculty Publications

Chemical reactions between the superior perovskite oxide-ion conductor Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 (LSGM), CeO2, and NiO have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The results showed that an extensive reactivity occurs as a result of La migration driven by a gradient of La chemical activity. La migration across the LSGM/electrode interfaces in a fuel cell leads to the formation of resistive phases at the interface, either LaSrGa3O7 or LaSrGaO4. Use of 40 mol % La2O3 -doped CeO2 as an interlayer between anode and electrolyte as well as in …

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Cooperative Control Of Uav Rendezvous, Timothy W. Mclain, Phillip R. Chandler, Steven Rasmussen, Meir Pachter Jun 2001

Cooperative Control Of Uav Rendezvous, Timothy W. Mclain, Phillip R. Chandler, Steven Rasmussen, Meir Pachter

Faculty Publications

The cooperative control of timing and synchronization of tasks of multiple unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) represents a valuable capability for a wide range of potential multi-UAV missions. This research addresses the specific problem of cooperative rendezvous in which multiple UAVs are to arrive at their targets simultaneously. The development of a rendezvous manager state machine and a cooperative control decomposition approach are described. Simulation results demonstrating the feasibility of the approach are presented.

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Oxygen Permeation Through Cobalt-Containing Perovskites: Surface Oxygen Exchange Vs. Lattice Oxygen Diffusion, Kevin Huang, John B. Goodenough May 2001

Oxygen Permeation Through Cobalt-Containing Perovskites: Surface Oxygen Exchange Vs. Lattice Oxygen Diffusion, Kevin Huang, John B. Goodenough

Faculty Publications

The oxygen permeation fluxes from p′O2 to pnO2 (p′O2>pnO2) across cobalt-containing perovskite ceramic membranes La1−xSrxCoO3−δ and SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3−δ were measured by gas chromatography as functions of oxygen chemical potential gradient, temperature, thickness, and catalytic activity on the surface. Power indexes 0.5>n>0 for uncatalyzed La1−xSrxCoO3−δ and 1>n>0.5 for SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3−δ were obtained when JO2 vs. p′nO2−p'′nO2 …

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Reduced-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabricated By Screen Printing, Changrong Xia, Fanglin Chen, Meilin Liu Mar 2001

Reduced-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabricated By Screen Printing, Changrong Xia, Fanglin Chen, Meilin Liu

Faculty Publications

Electrolyte films of samaria-doped ceria (SDC, Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) are fabricated onto porous NiO-SDC substrates by a screen printing technique. A cathode layer, consisting of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 and 10 wt % SDC, is subsequently screen printed on the electrolyte to form a single cell, which is tested at temperatures from 400 to 600°C. When humidified (3% H2O) hydrogen or methane is used  as fuel and stationary air as oxidant, the maximum power densities are 188 (or 78) and 397 (or 304) mW/cm2 at 500 and 600°C, respectively. Impedance analysis …

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Bistable Operation Of A Two-Section 1.3-Mm Inas Quantum Dot Laser—Absorption Saturation And The Quantum Confined Stark Effect, Xiaodong Huang, A. Stintz, Hua Li, Audra Rice, G. T. Liu, L.F. Lester, Julian Cheng, K.J. Malloy Mar 2001

Bistable Operation Of A Two-Section 1.3-Mm Inas Quantum Dot Laser—Absorption Saturation And The Quantum Confined Stark Effect, Xiaodong Huang, A. Stintz, Hua Li, Audra Rice, G. T. Liu, L.F. Lester, Julian Cheng, K.J. Malloy

Faculty Publications

Room temperature, continuous-wave bistability was observed in oxide-confined, two-section, 1.3- m quantum-dot (QD) lasers with an integrated intracavity quantum-dot saturable absorber. The origin of the hysteresis and bistability were shown to be due to the nonlinear saturation of the QD absorption and the electroabsorption induced by the quantum confined Stark effect.

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Preparation Of Ordered Macroporous Sr0.5sm0.5coo3 As Cathode For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Fanglin Chen, Changrong Xia, Meilin Liu Jan 2001

Preparation Of Ordered Macroporous Sr0.5sm0.5coo3 As Cathode For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Fanglin Chen, Changrong Xia, Meilin Liu

Faculty Publications

Ordered macroporous Sr0.5Sm0.5CoO3 structrures with an average pore size of 140 nm have been prepared using closepacked arrangement of monodispersed polystyrene spheres as templates. A fuel cell using ordered macroporous Sr0.5Sm0.5CoO3 as the cathode, gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) film as the electrolyte, and GDC–NiO as the anode generated maximum power densities of 150, 196 and 267 mW/cm2 at 500, 550 and 600 °C, respectively.

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Microstructure-Sensitive Design Of A Compliant Beam, Brent L. Adams, Alisa J. Millar Henrie, B. Henrie, M. Lyon, H. Garmestani, Surya R. Kalidindi Jan 2001

Microstructure-Sensitive Design Of A Compliant Beam, Brent L. Adams, Alisa J. Millar Henrie, B. Henrie, M. Lyon, H. Garmestani, Surya R. Kalidindi

Faculty Publications

BA acknowledges financial support provided by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-9632556. SK acknowledges financial support from National Science Foundation under Award Number CMS-9732699. BA, SK and HG also acknowledge support from the NSF-CIRE program centered at Florida A&M University, facilitating collaborations. Support was also provided by the College of Engineering and Technology at BYU (AH, BH and ML). Computations were performed on the new SGI Origin 2000 supercomputer at Brigham Young University, donated by Ira Fulton. We show that mechanical design can be conducted where consideration of polycrystalline microstructure as a continuous design …

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Preparation Of Mesoporous Sno2-Sio2 Composite As Electrodes For Lithium Batteries, Fanglin Chen, Zhong Shi, Meilin Liu Oct 2000

Preparation Of Mesoporous Sno2-Sio2 Composite As Electrodes For Lithium Batteries, Fanglin Chen, Zhong Shi, Meilin Liu

Faculty Publications

Mesoporous SnO2–SiO2 composite stable up to 600 °C with a BET surface area of 350 m2 g-1 and an average pore size of 3.4 nm is successfully prepared, which exhibits promising cycling properties as anodes for lithium batteries

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Preparation Of Mesoporous Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (Ysz) And Ysz-Nio Using A Triblock Copolymer As Surfactant, Fanglin Chen, Meilin Liu Oct 2000

Preparation Of Mesoporous Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (Ysz) And Ysz-Nio Using A Triblock Copolymer As Surfactant, Fanglin Chen, Meilin Liu

Faculty Publications

Mesoporous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and YSZ-NiO have been prepared for the first time using Pluronic P103 as a structure-directing agent and inorganic chlorides as precursors in a nonaqueous medium. After being fired at 500°C for 2 h, mesostructured YSZ has a BET surface area of about 146 m2 g-1, with an average pore size of 3.8 nm, while mesostructured YSZ-NiO has a BET surface area of about 108 m2 g-1, with an average pore size of 4.5 nm.

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A Dynamic Optimal Trajectory Generator For Cartesian Path Following, Edward Red Sep 2000

A Dynamic Optimal Trajectory Generator For Cartesian Path Following, Edward Red

Faculty Publications

This paper considers a dynamic and adaptive trajectory generator for negotiating paths using S-curves. Applying constant jerk transitions between the constant acceleration and deceleration periods of the trajectory, the trajectory will optimally transition to the desired speed setting. Optimal is defined to be the minimum time to transition from the current speed to the set speed for the move segment when jerk and acceleration are limited. The S-curve equations will adapt to instantaneous changes in speed setting and path length. An integrated motion planner will determine allowable speeds and transitional profiles based on the remaining move distance.

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Fuel Saving Strategies For Separated Spacecraft Interferometry, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Christopher A. Bailey Aug 2000

Fuel Saving Strategies For Separated Spacecraft Interferometry, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Christopher A. Bailey

Faculty Publications

Separated spacecraft interferometry missions will require spacecraft to move in a coordinated fashion to ensure minimal and balanced consumption of fuel. This paper develops strategies for determining interferometry mission plans that result in significant fuel savings over standard approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that valuable reductions in fuel consumption can be realized by combining the retargeting and imaging maneuvers required to image multiple stellar sources. Fuel-optimal imaging strategies have been developed for two-spacecraft interferometry missions similar to the proposed Space Technology 3 mission using chained local optimization methods. Based on these strategies, sampling pattern guidelines for space-borne interferometry missions have been …

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Trajectory Planning For Coordinated Rendezvous Of Unmanned Air Vehicles, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard Aug 2000

Trajectory Planning For Coordinated Rendezvous Of Unmanned Air Vehicles, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

A trajectory generation strategy that facilitates the coordination of multiple unmanned air vehicles is developed. Of particular interest is the planning of threat-avoiding trajectories that result in the simultaneous arrival of multiple UAVs at their targets. In this approach, paths to the target are modeled using the physical analogy of a chain. A unique strength of the planning approach is the ability to specify or alter the path length by adding or subtracting links from the chain. Desirable paths to the target are obtained by simulating the dynamics of the chain where threats apply repulsive forces to the chain and …

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Statistical Continuum Theory For Large Plastic Deformation Of Polycrystalline Materials, Brent L. Adams, S. Ahzi, H. Garmestani, S. Lin Jun 2000

Statistical Continuum Theory For Large Plastic Deformation Of Polycrystalline Materials, Brent L. Adams, S. Ahzi, H. Garmestani, S. Lin

Faculty Publications

This paper focuses on the application of statistical continuum mechanics to the prediction of mechanical response of polycrystalline materials and microstructure evolution under large plastic deformations. A statistical continuum mechanics formulation is developed by applying a Green's function solution to the equations of stress equilibrium in an infinite domain. The distribution and morphology of grains (crystals) in polycrystalline materials is represented by a set of correlation functions that are described by the corresponding probability functions. The elastic deformation is neglected and a viscoplastic power law is employed for crystallographic slip in single crystals. In this formulation, two- and three-point probability …

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Fuel Optimization For Constrained Rotation Of Satellite Formations, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Fred Y. Hadaegh Apr 2000

Fuel Optimization For Constrained Rotation Of Satellite Formations, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Fred Y. Hadaegh

Faculty Publications

This paper considers the problem of reorienting a constellation of spacecraft such that the fuel distributed across the constellation is both conserved and expended uniformly. Results are derived for constellations with an arbitrary number of spacecraft, assuming that the constellation is in free space, that the spacecraft mass is time invariant, and that the thrusters can produce thrust in any direction. An open-loop control algorithm is derived by minimizing a cost function that trades off total fuel minimization and fuel equalization. The associated optimization problem is shown to be amenable to standard algorithms. Simulation results using a four-spacecraft constellation are …

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Modeling The Effect Of Plasticizer On The Viscoelastic Response Of Crosslinked Polymers Using The Tube-Junction Model, P. P. Simon, Harry J. Ploehn Jan 2000

Modeling The Effect Of Plasticizer On The Viscoelastic Response Of Crosslinked Polymers Using The Tube-Junction Model, P. P. Simon, Harry J. Ploehn

Faculty Publications

Plasticizers modify the mechanical properties of polymericmaterials. The effects of plasticizers on glass transition temperatures can be most clearly observed in isochronal temperature sweep profiles of viscoelastic dynamic moduli. However, no simple mathematical models of plasticization are available to those who wish to design and employ plasticized materials in specific applications. We extend a phenomenological, molecular-level model (known as the tube–junction model) for crosslinked polymers to describe the effect of plasticizers on dynamic moduli. We show that the increase in free volume fraction due to the presence of the plasticizer can account for the shift in the glass transition in …

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Structural And Electrical Characterization Of A Novel Mixed Conductor: Ceo2 - Sm2O3 - Zro2 Solid Solution, W. Huang, P. Shuk, M. Greenblatt, M. Croft, Fanglin Chen, M. Liu Jan 2000

Structural And Electrical Characterization Of A Novel Mixed Conductor: Ceo2 - Sm2O3 - Zro2 Solid Solution, W. Huang, P. Shuk, M. Greenblatt, M. Croft, Fanglin Chen, M. Liu

Faculty Publications

solid solutions were synthesized for the first time by the hydrothermal method. The electrical properties of the solid solutions have been studied in air and under reducing conditions. Solid solutions with the fluorite structure were formed in all of the studied range of substitution after calcination at 1500°C. With increasing substitution up to 30 mol %, the electronic conductivity increases under a reducing atmosphere. The solid solution has good mixed electronic and ionic conductivity; the total conductivity is 0.42 S/cm at and 700°C with an estimated ionic conductivity of ca. .

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Evaluation Of The Use Of Optical Fiber Thermometers For Thermal Control Of The Quench Module Insert, Matthew R. Jones, Jeffery T. Farmer, Shawn P. Breeding Sep 1999

Evaluation Of The Use Of Optical Fiber Thermometers For Thermal Control Of The Quench Module Insert, Matthew R. Jones, Jeffery T. Farmer, Shawn P. Breeding

Faculty Publications

Issues regarding the use of optical fiber thermometers to control heater settings in a microgravity vacuum furnace are addressed. It is desirable to use these probes in environments such as the International Space Station, because they can be operated without re-calibration for extended periods. However, the analysis presented in this paper shows that temperature readings obtained using optical fiber thermometers can be corrupted by emissions from the fiber when extended portions of the probe are exposed to elevated temperatures.

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Nonlinear Robust Missile Autopilot Design Using Successive Galerkin Approximation, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard Aug 1999

Nonlinear Robust Missile Autopilot Design Using Successive Galerkin Approximation, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

The application of a new nonlinear robust control strategy to the design of missile autopilots is presented. The control approach described and demonstrated here is based upon the numerical solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation by Successive Galerkin Approximation. Using this approach, feedback controllers are computed by an iterative application of a numerical Galerkin-type PDE solver. Application of this approach to the design of a pitch-axis autopilot for a missile having uncertain pitch moment and lift force is described.

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Successive Galerkin Approximation Of The Isaacs Equation, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, John T. Wen Jul 1999

Successive Galerkin Approximation Of The Isaacs Equation, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, John T. Wen

Faculty Publications

The successive Galerkin approximation (SGA) algorithm has recently been developed for approximating solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation. The algorithm produces feedback control laws that are stabilizing on a well-defined region of state space. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of the SGA algorithm to two simple examples. The examples serve several purposes: first they illustrate how the algorithm is applied in a setting that is simple enough to write out in detail, second they demonstrate the convergence of the algorithm in a setting where the actual solution can be derived analytically.

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Successive Galerkin Approximation Of A Nonlinear Optimal Attitude Control, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Johnathan Lawton Jun 1999

Successive Galerkin Approximation Of A Nonlinear Optimal Attitude Control, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Johnathan Lawton

Faculty Publications

This paper presents the application of the successive Galerkin approximation (SGA) to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to obtain solutions of the optimal attitude control problem. Galerkin's method approximates the value function by a truncated Galerkin series expansion. To do so, a truncated Galerkin basis set is formed. A sufficient number of functions must be included in this Galerkin basis set in order to guarantee that the solution will be a stabilizing control. By increasing the size of the Galerkin basis the quality of the approximation is improved at the cost of rapid growth in the computation load of the SGA. A …

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Synthesis And Experimental Testing Of A Nonlinear Optimal Tracking Controller, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Christopher A. Bailey Jun 1999

Synthesis And Experimental Testing Of A Nonlinear Optimal Tracking Controller, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Christopher A. Bailey

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a novel approach for developing tracking controllers for nonlinear systems. The approach involves the numerical solution, by Galerkin approximation, of the time-varying Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and results in a nonlinear controller approximating the optimal tracking control law for a specified desired trajectory and cost function. Experimental results are presented for a nonlinear pendulum system.

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Oxygen Permeation Through Composite Oxide-Ion And Electronic Conductors, Kevin Huang, Michael Schroeder, John B. Goodenough May 1999

Oxygen Permeation Through Composite Oxide-Ion And Electronic Conductors, Kevin Huang, Michael Schroeder, John B. Goodenough

Faculty Publications

Oxygen permeation through composites consisting of four well-known oxide-ion conductors and a noble metal, Pd or Ag, is reported. The oxides were Zr0.9Y0.1O1.95 (YSZ), (Bi1.75Y0.25O3)0.95(CeO2)0.05 (BYC5), Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SSC), and La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O2.815 (LSGM). The results show that (BYC5 + Ag) yields the highest oxygen permeation flux, but the composite deteriorates with time. The composites (SSC + Pd), (LSGM + Pd), and (YSZ + Pd) give stable, but relatively lower oxygen permeation flux …

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Observations Of Lattice Curvature Near The Interface Of A Deformed Aluminium Bicrystal, Brent L. Adams, W. E. King, S. Sun Mar 1999

Observations Of Lattice Curvature Near The Interface Of A Deformed Aluminium Bicrystal, Brent L. Adams, W. E. King, S. Sun

Faculty Publications

This work was partially supported by MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-9632556), and under the auspices of the US Department of Energy and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract W-7405- Eng-48. S. Sun gratefully acknowledges the comments of Professor E. T. Onat, Professor B. T. Chu and Professor W. Tong of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Yale University, and their valuable guidance in the process of completing this project as a doctoral dissertation. The assistance of B. El-Dasher of Carnegie-Mellon University is also gratefully acknowledged. Reported here is a study of the pattern of lattice curvature near the …

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Preparation Of Mesoporous Tin Oxide For Electrochemical Applications, Fanglin Chen, Meilin Liu Jan 1999

Preparation Of Mesoporous Tin Oxide For Electrochemical Applications, Fanglin Chen, Meilin Liu

Faculty Publications

Mesoporous tin oxide stable up to 500 °C has been prepared for the first time using both cationic and neutral surfactants.

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